diabetes research project ideas

357 Diabetes Essay Topics & Examples

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🏆 Best Diabetes Essay Examples & Topics

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• Adult-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Patient’s Profile Any immediate care as well as post-discharge treatment should be explained in the best manner possible that is accessible and understandable to the patient.
• Living with a Chronic Disease: Diabetes and Asthma This paper will look at the main effects of chronic diseases in the lifestyle of the individuals and analyze the causes and the preventive measures of diabetes as a chronic disease.
• Leadership in Diabetes Management Nurses can collaborate and apply evidence-based strategies to empower their diabetic patients. The involvement of all key stakeholders is also necessary.
• PDSA in Diabetes Prevention The second step in the “Do” phase would be to isolate a few members of the community who are affected by diabetes voluntarily.
• Nursing Care For the Patient With Diabetes The right diagnosis of a patient’s condition also helps in the administering of the right medication. In this case, the doctor would keep the goal of administering the right medication to the patient.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms, Types, Effects Insulin is the hormone that controls the levels of glucose in the blood, and when the pancreas releases it, immediately the high levels are controlled, like after a meal.
• Diabetes: Disease Control and Investigation The second type of diabetes is Type 2 diabetes. This is a condition that leads to the development of type 1 diabetes.
• Gestational Diabetes: Child Bearing Experience Insulin resistance in GDM is likely to be the result of a combination of lifestyle factors and the insulin-desensitizing effect of chorionic gonadotrophins.
• Nursing Diagnosis: Type 1 Diabetes & Hypertension The nursing diagnosis based on the identified and primary problems are, “Risk for injury related to hypoglycemia, ‘Risk for Unstable blood glucose level related to lack of adequate management of hypoglycemia evidenced by decreased blood […]
• Nursing Care Development Plan for Diabetes and Hypertension In addressing the first nursing diagnosis, the main aim of the nursing interventions will be to prevent the development of secondary hypoglycemia by increasing blood glucose levels.
• Diabetes Management and Evidence-Based Practice Diabetes is a state of glucose intolerance that requires the management of blood glucose. Good glycemic control ensures that the level of glucose in a diabetic patient is maintained at levels similar to that of […]
• Type 2 Diabetes as a Public Health Issue In recent years, a steady increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes is observed in almost all countries of the world.
• Case Study of Patient with DKA and Diabetes Mellitus It is manifested by a sharp increase in glucose levels and the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood, their appearance in the urine, regardless of the degree of violation of the patient’s consciousness.
• Counseling and Education Session in Type II Diabetes Patients will be educated about the glycemic index and its effect on their blood sugar Patients will learn to count their carbohydrates. Patients will set up their goal and the timeframe to achieve it.
• Health Nursing and Managing Diabetes The practice will equip more patients with the best ideas and initiatives to deal with diabetes. The completed study will provide the best practices and evidence-based ideas to help patients with diabetes type II.
• Gestational Diabetes in a 38-Year-Old Woman The concept map, created to meet B.’s needs, considers her educational requirements and cultural and racial hurdles to recognize her risk factors and interventions to increase her adherence to the recommended course of treatment.B.said in […]
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Implications You call an ambulance and she is taken in to the ED. Background: Jean is still very active and works on the farm 3 days a week.
• Development of Comprehensive Inpatient and Outpatient Programs for Diabetes Overcoming the fiscal and resource utilization issues in the development of a comprehensive diabetes program is essential for the improvement of health and the reduction of treatment costs.
• Healthcare Cost Depending on Chronic Disease Management of Diabetes and Hypertension A sufficient level of process optimization and the presence of a professional treating staff in the necessary number will be able to help improve the indicators.
• Improving Glycemic Control in Black Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Information in them is critical for answering the question and supporting them with the data that might help to acquire an enhanced understanding of the issue under research. Finally, answering the PICOT question, it is […]
• Shared Decision-Making That Affects the Management of Diabetes The article by Peek et al.is a qualitative study investigating the phenomenon of shared decision-making that affects the management of diabetes. The researchers demonstrate the racial disparity that can arise in the choice of approaches […]
• Managing Obesity as a Strategy for Addressing Type 2 Diabetes When a patient, as in the case of Amanda, requires a quick solution to the existing problem, it is necessary to effectively evaluate all options in the shortest possible time.
• Tests and Screenings: Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease The test is offered to patients regardless of gender, while the age category is usually above 45 years. CDC1 recommends doing the test regardless of gender and is conducted once or twice to check the […]
• Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes American Diabetes Association states that for overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes who are ready to lose weight, a 5% weight reduction diet, physical exercise, and behavioral counseling should be provided.
• COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus Lim et al, in their article, “COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management”, explored how COVID-19 can worsen the symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
• The Importance of Physical Exercise in Diabetes II Patients The various activities help to improve blood sugar levels, reduce cardiovascular cases and promote the overall immunity of the patient. Subsequently, the aerobic part will help to promote muscle development and strengthen the bones.
• Diabetes Education Workflow Process Mapping DSN also introduces the patient to the roles of specialists involved in managing the condition, describes the patient’s actions, and offers the necessary educational materials.
• Diabetes: Treatment Complications and Adjustments One of the doctor’s main priorities is to check the compatibility of a patient’s medications. The prescriptions of other doctors need to be thoroughly checked and, if necessary, replaced with more appropriate medication.
• The Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus PICOT (Evidence-Based) Project Blood glucose levels, A1C, weight, and stress management are the parameters to indicate the adequacy of physical exercise in managing T2DM.
• Chronic Disease Cost Calculator (Diabetes) This paper aims at a thorough, detailed, and exhaustive explanation of such a chronic disease as diabetes in terms of the prevalence and cost of treatment in the United States and Maryland.
• Diabetes Mellitus Epidemiology Statistics This study entails a standard established observation order from the established starting time to an endpoint, in this case, the onset of disease, death, or the study’s end. It is crucial to state this value […]
• Epidemiology: Type II Diabetes in Hispanic Americans The prevalence of type II diabetes in Hispanic Americans is well-established, and the search for inexpensive prevention methods is in the limelight.
• Diabetes: Risk Factors and Effects Trends in improved medical care and the development of technology and medicine are certainly contributing to the reduction of the problem. All of the above indicates the seriousness of the problem of diabetes and insufficient […]
• Barriers to Engagement in Collaborative Care Treatment of Uncontrolled Diabetes The primary role of physicians, nurses, and other healthcare team members is to provide patients with medical treatment and coordinate that care while also working to keep costs down and expand access.
• Hereditary Diabetes Prevention With Lifestyle Modification Yeast infections between the fingers and toes, beneath the breast, and in or around the genital organs are the common symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
• Health Equity Regarding Type 2 Diabetes According to Tajkarimi, the number of research reports focusing on T2D’s prevalence and characteristics in underserved minorities in the U. Adapting the program’s toolkits to rural Americans’ eating and self-management habits could also be instrumental […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Treatment Methods Moreover, according to the multiple findings conducted by Park et al, Billeter et al, and Tsilingiris et al, bariatric surgeries have a positive rate of sending diabetes into remission.
• Diagnosing Patient with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes The possible outcomes of the issues that can be achieved are discussing the violations with the patient’s family and convincing them to follow the medical regulations; convincing the girl’s family to leave her at the […]
• Human Service for Diabetes in Late Adulthood The mission of the Georgia Diabetic Foot Care Program is to make a positive difference in the health of persons living with diabetes.
• Diabetes: Symptoms and Risk Factors In terms of the problem, according to estimates, 415 million individuals worldwide had diabetes mellitus in 2015, and it is expected to rise to 642 million by the year 2040.
• Diabetes: Types and Management Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the United States caused when the body fails to optimally metabolize food into energy.
• Epidemiology of Diabetes and Forecasted Trends The authors note that urbanization and the rapid development of economies of different countries are the main causes of diabetes. The authors warn that current diabetes strategies are not effective since the rate of the […]
• The Aboriginal Diabetes Initiative in Canada The ADI’s goal in the CDS was to raise type 2 diabetes awareness and lower the incidence of associated consequences among Aboriginal people.
• Communicating the Issue of Diabetes The example with a CGM sensor is meant to show that doctors should focus on educating people with diabetes on how to manage their condition and what to do in extreme situations.
• Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 The goal is to define the features of patient information to provide data on the general course of the illness and its manifestations following the criteria of age, sex, BMI, and experimental data.
• The Prevention of Diabetes and Its Consequences on the Population At the same time, these findings can also be included in educational programs for people living with diabetes to warn them of the risks of fractures and prevent them.
• Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes and Depression Treatment The data synthesis demonstrates that carefully chosen depression and anxiety treatment is likely to result in better A1C outcomes for the patient on the condition that the treatment is regular and convenient for the patients.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention and Education Schillinger et al.came to the same conclusion; thus, their findings on the study of the Bigger Picture campaign effectiveness among youth of color are necessary to explore diabetes prevention.
• A Diabetes Quantitative Article Analysis The article “Correlates of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time among adults with type 2 diabetes” by Mathe et al.refers to the global issue of the prevention of diabetes and its complications.
• A Type 2 Diabetes Quantitative Article Critique Therefore, the main issue is the prevention of type 2 diabetes and its consequences, and this paper will examine one of the scientific studies that will be used for its exploration.
• The Diabetes Prevention Articles by Ford and Mathe The main goal of the researchers was to measure the baseline MVPA of participants and increase their activity to the recommended 150 minutes per week through their participation in the Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Hispanic Americans The HP2020 objectives and the “who, where, and when” of the problem highlight the significance of developing new, focused, culturally sensitive T2D prevention programs for Hispanic Americans.
• Diabetes Mellitus as Problem in US Healthcare Simultaneously, insurance companies are interested in decreasing the incidence of diabetes to reduce the costs of testing, treatment, and provision of medicines.
• Diabetes Prevention as a Change Project All of these queries are relevant and demonstrate the importance of including people at high risk of acquiring diabetes in the intervention.
• Evidence Synthesis Assignment: Prevention of Diabetes and Its Complications The purpose of this research is to analyze and synthesize evidence of good quality from three quantitative research and three non-research sources to present the problem of diabetes and justify the intervention to address it.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Causes and Health Challenges Second, the nature of this problem is a clear indication of other medical concerns in this country, such as poor health objectives and strategies and absence of resources.
• Diabetes in Adults in Oxfordshire On a national level, Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation aims to prevent the spread of the decease through research of the causes and effective treatment of diabetes 2 type.
• Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Disorder Case Study Analysis Thus, informing the patient about the importance of regular medication intake, physical activity, and adherence to diet in maintaining diabetes can solve the problem.
• Diabetes Mellitus in Young Adults Thus, programs for young adults should predominantly focus on the features of the transition from adolescence to adulthood. As a consequence, educational programs on diabetes improve the physical and psychological health of young adults.
• A Healthcare Issue of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is seen as a primary healthcare issue that affects populations across the globe and necessitates the combination of a healthy lifestyle and medication to improve the quality of life of people who suffer […]
• Control of LDL Cholesterol Levels in Patients, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In addition, some patients with hypercholesterolemia may have statin intolerance, which reduces adherence to therapy, limits treatment efficacy, and increases the risk of CVD.
• Exploring Glucose Tolerance and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In the case of a glucose tolerance test for the purpose of diagnosing GDM type, the interpretation of the test results is carried out according to the norms for the overall population.
• Type 2 Diabetes Health Issue and Exercise This approach will motivate the patient to engage in exercise and achieve better results while reducing the risk of diabetes-related complications.
• Diabetes Interventions in Children The study aims to answer the PICOT Question: In children with obesity, how does the use of m-Health applications for controlling their dieting choices compare to the supervision of their parents affect children’s understanding of […]
• Diabetes Tracker Device and Its Advantages The proposed diabetes tracker is a device that combines the functionality of an electronic BGL tester and a personal assistant to help patients stick to their diet plan.
• Disease Management for Diabetes Mellitus The selection of the appropriate philosophical and theoretical basis for the lesson is essential as it allows for the use of an evidence-based method for learning about a particular disease.
• Latino People and Type 2 Diabetes The primary aim of the study is to determine the facilitators and barriers to investigating the decision-making process in the Latin population and their values associated with type 2 diabetes.
• Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Program The choice of this topic and question is based on the fact that despite the high prevalence of diabetes among adolescents in the United States, the use of DSMES among DM patients is relatively low, […]
• Diabetes Mellitus Care Coordination The aim is to establish what medical technologies, care coordination and community resources, and standards of nursing practice contribute to the quality of care and safety of patients with diabetes.
• Healthy Lifestyle Interventions in Comorbid Asthma and Diabetes In most research, the weight loss in cases of comorbid asthma and obesity is reached through a combination of dietary interventions and physical exercise programs.
• Diabetes: Statistics, Disparities, Therapies The inability to produce adequate insulin or the body’s resistance to the hormone is the primary cause of diabetes. Diabetes is a serious health condition in the U.S.and the world.
• Type 2 Diabetes Prescriptions and Interventions The disadvantage is the difficulty of obtaining a universal model due to the complexity of many factors that can affect the implementation of recommendations: from the variety of demographic data to the patient’s medical history.
• Health Education for Female African Americans With Diabetes In order to address and inform the public about the challenges, nurses are required to intervene by educating the population on the issues to enhance their understanding of the risks associated with the conditions they […]
• Diabetes Risk Assessment and Prevention It is one of the factors predisposing patients suffering from diabetes to various cardiovascular diseases. With diabetes, it is important to learn how to determine the presence of carbohydrates in foods.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Preventive Measures In addition to addressing the medical specialists who will be of service in disease prevention, it will emphasize the intervention programs required to help control the spread of the illness.
• “The Diabetes Online Community” by Litchman et al. The researchers applied the method of telephone interviews to determine the results and effectiveness of the program. The study described the value of DOC in providing support and knowledge to older diabetes patients.
• Mobile App for Improved Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes The central focus of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the BlueStar app in controlling glucose levels among the participants.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Minorities from Cultural Perspective The purpose of this paper is to examine the ethical and cultural perspectives on the issue of T2DM in minorities. Level 2: What are the ethical obstacles to treating T2DM in ethnic and cultural minorities?
• Ethics of Type 2 Diabetes Prevalence in Minorities The purpose of this article analysis is to dwell on scholarly evidence that raises the question of ethical and cultural aspects of T2DM prevalence in minorities.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Minorities: Research Questions The Level 2 research questions are: What are the pathophysiological implications of T2DM in minorities? What are the statistical implications of T2DM in minorities?
• Improving Adherence to Diabetes Treatment in Primary Care Settings Additionally, the patients from the intervention group will receive a detailed explanation of the negative consequences of low adherence to diabetes treatment.
• An Advocacy Tool for Diabetes Care in the US To ensure the implementation and consideration of my plea, I sent a copy of the letter to the government officials so it could reach the president.
• Diabetes and Allergies: A Statistical Check The current dataset allowed us to test the OR for the relationship between family history of diabetes and the presence of diabetes in a particular patient: all variables were dichotomous and discrete and could take […]
• Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents According to a National Diabetes Statistics Report released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the estimated prevalence of the disease was 25 cases per 10,000 adolescents in 2017. A proper understanding of T2D […]
• Analysis of Diabetes and Its Huge Effects In the US, diabetes is costly to treat and has caused much physical, emotional and mental harm to the people and the families of those who have been affected by the disease.
• Nursing: Self-Management of Type II Diabetes Sandra Fernandes and Shobha Naidu’s journal illustrates the authors’ understanding of a significant topic in the nursing profession.”Promoting Participation in self-care management among patients with diabetes mellitus” article exposes readers to Peplau’s theory to understand […]
• The Impact of Vegan and Vegetarian Diets on Diabetes Vegetarian diets are popular for a variety of reasons; according to the National Health Interview Survey in the United States, about 2% of the population reported following a vegetarian dietary pattern for health reasons in […]
• “Diabetes Prevention in U.S. Hispanic Adults” by McCurley et al. This information allows for supposing that face-to-face interventions can be suitable to my practicum project that considers measures to improve access to care among African Americans with heart failure diseases. Finally, it is possible to […]
• Diabetes Disease of the First and Second Types It is a decrease in the biological response of cells to one or more effects of insulin at its average concentration in the blood. During the first type of diabetes, insulin Degludec is required together […]
• Person-Centered Strategy of Diabetes and Dementia Care The population of focus for this study will be Afro-American women aged between sixty and ninety who have diabetes of the second type and dementia or are likely to develop dementia in the future.
• Video Consultations Between Patients and Clinicians in Diabetes, Cancer, and Heart Failure Services For example, during one of my interactions with the patient, I was asked whether the hospital had the policy to avoid face-to-face interaction during the pandemic with the help of video examinations.
• Diets to Prevent Heart Disease, Cancer, and Diabetes In order to prevent heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, people are required to adhere to strict routines, including in terms of diet. Additionally, people wanting to prevent heart disease, cancer, and diabetes also need to […]
• The Centers for Diabetes’ Risks Assessment In general, the business case for the Centers for Diabetes appears to be positive since the project is closely aligned with the needs of the community and the targets set by the Affordable Care Act.
• Diabetes Management Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes contrast based on their definitions, the causes, and the management of the conditions. Since the CDC promotes the avoidance of saturated fat and the increase of fiber intake for […]
• Intervention Methods for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus An individual should maintain a regulated glycemic control using the tenets of self-management to reduce the possibility of complications related to diabetes.
• Diabetes Mellitus as Leading Cause of Disability The researchers used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where more than 12% of older people in the US live with the condition.
• Depression in Diabetes Patients The presence of depression concomitant to diabetes mellitus prevents the adaptation of the patient and negatively affects the course of the underlying disease.
• The Relationship Between Diabetes and COVID-19 After completing the research and analyzing the articles, it is possible to suggest a best practice that may be helpful and effective in defining the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 and providing a way to […]
• Pre-diabetes and Urinary Incontinence Most recent reports indicate that a physiotherapy procedure gives a positive result in up to 80% of patients with stage I or SUI and mixed form and 50% of patients with stage II SUI.
• Type 1 Diabetes: Recommendations for Alternative Drug Treatments Then, they have to assess the existing levels of literacy and numeracy a patient has. Tailoring educational initiatives to a person’s unique ethnic and cultural background is the basis of cultural competence in patient education.
• Type 2 Diabetes: A Pharmacologic Update Diabetes presents one of the most common diagnoses in causes of ED visits among adults and one of the leading causes of death in the United States.
• Diabetes: Vulnerability, Resilience, and Care In nursing care, resilience is a critical concept that shows the possibility of a person to continue functioning and meeting objectives despite the existing challenges.
• Diabetes Prevention in the United States The analysis of these policies and the other strategies provides the opportunity to understand what role they might play in the improvement of human health. NDPP policy, on the other hand, emphasizes the role of […]
• Teaching Experience: Diabetes Prevention The primary objective of the seminar is to reduce the annual number of diabetes cases and familiarize the audience with the very first signs of this disease.
• Summary of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pharmacologic Update The authors first emphasize that T2D is one of the most widespread diseases in the United States and the seventh leading cause of death.
• Insulin Effects in a Diabetes Person I will use this source to support my research because the perception of diabetes patients on insulin therapy is essential for understanding the impact they cause on the person.
• Diabetes and Medical Intervention In the research conducted by Moin et al, the authors attempted to define the scope of efficiency of such a tool as an online diabetes prevention program in the prevention of diabetes among obese/overweight population […]
• Relation Between Diabetes And Nutrition Any efforts to lessen and eliminate the risk of developing diabetes must involve the dietary habit of limiting the consumption of carbohydrates, sugar, and fats. According to Belfort-DeAguiar and Dongju, the three factors of obesity, […]
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and a Healthy Lifestyle Relationship The advantage of this study over the first is that the method uses a medical approach to determining the level of fasting glucose, while the dependences in the study of Ugandans were found using a […]
• Diabetes and Its Economic Effect on Healthcare For many years, there has been an active increase in the number of cases of diabetes of all types among the global population, which further aggravates the situation.
• Pathogenesis and Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension The hormone is produced by the cells of the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas. It is attributed to the variation in the lifestyle of these individuals in these two geographical zones.
• Parental Intervention on Self-Management of an Adolescent With Diabetes Diabetes development and exposure are strongly tied to lifestyle, and the increasing incidents rate emphasizes the severity of the population’s health problem.
• Addressing the Needs of Hispanic Patients With Diabetes Similarly, in the program at hand, the needs of Hispanic patients with diabetes will be considered through the prism of the key specifics of the community, as well as the cultural background of the patients.
• Diabetes Issues: Insulin Price and Unaffordability According to the forecast of researchers from Stanford University, the number of people with type 2 diabetes who need insulin-containing drugs in the world will increase by about 79 million people by 2030, which will […]
• Diabetes: Epidemiologic Study Design For instance, the range of their parents’ involvement in the self-management practices can be a crucial factor in treatment and control.
• What to Know About Diabetes? Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune reaction that prevent realization of insulin in a body. Estimated 5-10% of people who have diabetes have type 1.
• Diabetes in Saudi Arabia It is expected that should this underlying factor be discovered, whether it is cultural, societal, or genetic in nature, this should help policymakers within Saudi Arabia create new governmental initiatives to address the problem of […]
• “Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Key to Diabetes Management and Prevention” Article Analysis In the process of MNT application, the dietitian keeps a record of the changes in the main components of food and other components of the blood such as blood sugars to determine the trend to […]
• Global and Societal Implications of the Diabetes Epidemic The main aim of the authors of this article seems to be alerting the reader on the consequences of diabetes to the society and to the whole world.
• Diabetes and Hypertension Avoiding Recommendations Thus, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle should entail the encouragement of the population to cease smoking and monitor for cholesterol levels.
• Pregnant Women With Type I Diabetes: COVID-19 Disease Management The grounded theory was selected for the given topic, and there are benefits and drawbacks of utilizing it to study the experiences of pregnant women with type I diabetes and COVID-19.
• Current Recommendations for the Glycemic Control in Diabetes Management of blood glucose is one of the critical issues in the care of people with diabetes. Therefore, the interval of the A1C testing should also depend on the condition of the patient, the physician’s […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Types, Causes, Presentation, Treatment, and Examination Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrinologic disease, which is characterized by increased blood glucose concentration.
• Diabetes Problem at Country Walk Community: Intervention and Evaluation This presentation develops a community health nursing intervention and evaluation tool for the diabetes problem affecting Country Walk community.
• The Minority Diabetes Initiative Act’s Analysis The bill provides the right to the Department of Health and Human Services to generate grants to public and nonprofit private health care institutions with the aim of providing treatment for diabetes in minority communities.
• Communication Challenges Between Nurses and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes According to Pung and Goh, one of the limitations of communication in a multicultural environment is the language barrier that manifests itself in the direct interaction of nurses with patients and in the engagement work […]
• Diabetes Type 2 from Management Viewpoint Demonstrate the effects of type 2 diabetes and provide background information on the disease; Discuss the management plans of diabetes centers and critically analyze the frameworks implemented in the hospitals; Examine the existing methodology models […]
• Nursing Plan for the Patient with Diabetes Type 2, HTN, and CAD The health of the population is the most valuable achievement of society, so the preservation and strengthening of it is an essential task in which everyone should participate without exception.
• Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a serious public health concern that introduces a group of metabolic disorders caused by changes in the sugar blood level.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type II: A Case of a Female Adult Patient In this presentation, we are going to develop a care plan for a 47-year-old woman with a 3-year-old history of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (also known as Type II DM).
• Diabetes Insipidus: Disease Process With Implications for Healthcare Professionals This presentation will consider the topic of Diabetes Insipidus (DI) with a focus on its etiology and progress.
• The Nature of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease that has an active genetic component, which is identified by increased blood glucose levels, also known as hyperglycemia.
• A Study of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes in the Northwest of England The total number of children under seventeen years living with type 1 diabetes in North West England by 2009 was 2,630.
• Imperial Diabetes Center Field Study The purpose is to examine the leadership’s practices used to maintain and improve the quality and safety standards of the facility and, using the observations and scholarly research, offer recommendations for improvement.
• Diabetes Risk Assessment After completing the questionnaire, I learned that my risk for the development of diabetes is above average. Modern risk assessment tools allow identifying the current state of health and possibilities of developing the disease.
• The Role of Telenursing in the Management of Diabetes Type 1 Telemedicine is the solution that could potentially increase the coverage and improve the situation for many t1DM patients in the world.
• Health Issues of Heart Failure and Pediatric Diabetes As for the population, which is intended to participate in the research, I am convinced that there is the need to specify the patients who should be examined and monitored.
• Juvenile Diabetes: Demographics, Statistics and Risk Factors Juvenile diabetes, also referred to as Type 2 diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, describes a health condition associated with the pancreas’s limited insulin production. The condition is characterized by the destruction of the cells that make […]
• Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiologic Processes The main function of insulin produced by cells within the pancreas in response to food intake is to lower blood sugar levels by the facilitation of glucose uptake in the cells of the liver, fat, […]
• Type 2 Diabetes Management in Gulf Countries One such study is the systematic review on the quality of type 2 diabetes management in the countries of the cooperation council for the Arab states of the Gulf, prepared by Alhyas, McKay, Balasanthiran, and […]
• Patient with Ataxia and Diabetes Mellitus Therefore, the therapist prioritizes using the cushion to the client and persuades the patient to accept the product by discussing the merits of the infinity cushion with a low profile in enabling the customer to […]
• Diabetes Evidence-Based Project: Disseminating Results In this presentation, the involvement of mentors and collaboration with administration and other stakeholders are the preferred steps, and the idea to use social networking and web pages has to be removed.
• The Problem of Diabetes Among African Americans Taking into consideration the results of the research and the information found in the articles, the problem of diabetes among African Americans has to be identified and discussed at different levels.
• Childhood Obesity, Diabetes and Heart Problems Based on the data given in the introduction it can be seen that childhood obesity is a real problem within the country and as such it is believed that through proper education children will be […]
• Hypertension and Antihypertensive Therapy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In particular, Acebutolol impairs the functions of epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are neurotransmitters that mediate the functioning of the heart and the sympathetic nervous system.
• Diabetes: Diagnosis and Treatment The disease is characterized by the pancreas almost not producing its own insulin, which leads to an increase in glucose levels in the blood.
• How to Manage Type 2 Diabetes The article is significant to the current research problem as the researchers concluded that the assessment of metabolic processes in diabetic patients was imperative for adjusting in the management of the condition.
• Clinical Trial of Diabetes Mellitus On the other hand, type II diabetes mellitus is caused by the failure of the liver and muscle cells to recognize the insulin produced by the pancreatic cells.
• Diabetes: Diagnosis and Related Prevention & Treatment Measures The information presented on the articles offers an insight in the diagnosis of diabetes among various groups of persons and the related preventive and treatment measures. The study identified 3666 cases of initial stages of […]
• Reinforcing Nutrition in Schools to Reduce Diabetes and Childhood Obesity For example, the 2010 report says that the rates of childhood obesity have peaked greatly compared to the previous decades: “Obesity has doubled in Maryland over the past 20 years, and nearly one-third of youth […]
• The Connection Between Diabetes and Consuming Red Meat In light of reporting the findings of this research, the Times Healthland gave a detailed report on the various aspects of this research.
• Synthesizing the Data From Relative Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Speaking of such demographic factors as race, the white population suffers from it in the majority of cases, unlike the rest of the races, the remaining 0.
• Using Exenatide as Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults Kendal et al.analyzed the effects of exenatide as an adjunct to a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea against the combination of the same drugs without the adjunct.
• Enhancing Health Literacy for People With Type 2 Diabetes Two professionals, Andrew Long, a professor in the school of heath care in the University of Leeds, and Tina Gambling, senior lecturer in the school of health care studies from the University of Cardiff, conducted […]
• The Scientific Method of Understanding if Coffee Can Impact Diabetes The hypothesis of the experiment ought to be straightforward and understandable. The control group and the experiment group for the test are then identified.
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Review This is because of the current patterns that show an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in offspring born to mothers with GDM.
• Health Service Management of Diabetes During the task, Fay makes a countless number of short calls and often takes water irrespective of the time of the day or the prevailing weather conditions.
• Necrotizing Fasciitis: Pathophysiology, Role of Diabetes In the event of such an infection, the body becomes desperate to get rid of the intruders. For WBC, zero is given if the count is below 15cells/mm3, one is given if the count lies […]
• The Benefits of Sharing Knowledge About Diabetes With Physicians In this research, 3600 diabetic patients were surveyed from twelve hospitals, but due to exclusion criterion, only 1,200 were considered for this particular research. The system allocated numbers to the participants out of which 100 […]
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus – NSW, Australia
• Health and Wellness: Stress, Diabetes and Tobacco Related Problems
• 52-Year-Old Female Patient With Type II Diabetes
• Healthy People Project: Personal Review About Diabetes
• Coronary Heart Disease Aggravated by Type 2 Diabetes and Age
• Diabetes as the Scourge of the 21st Century: Locating the Solution
• Psychosocial Implications of Diabetes Management
• Gestational Diabetes in a Pregnant Woman
• Diabetes Mellitus: Prominent Metabolic Disorder
• Holistic Approach to Man’s Health: Diabetes Prevention
• Holistic Image in Prevention of Diabetes
• Educational Strategies for Diabetes to Patients
• Diabetes and Obesity in the United Arab Emirates
• Epidemiological Problem: Diabetes in Illinois
• Diabetes as a Chronic Condition
• Managing Diabetes Through Genetic Engineering
• Diabetes, Functions of Insulin, and Preventive Practices
• Treating of Diabetes in Adults
• Diabetes II: Reduction in the Incidence
• Community Health Advocacy Project: Diabetes Among Hispanics
• Community Health Advocacy Project: Hispanics With Diabetes
• Hispanics Are More Susceptible to Diabetes That Non-Hispanics
• Rates Diabetes Between Hispanics Males and Females
• Diabetes Mellitus and HFSON Conceptual Framework
• Prince Georges County Community Health Concern: Diabetes
• Fats and Proteins in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes
• Alcohol Interaction With Medication: Type 2 Diabetes
• Critical Analysis of Policy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Australia
• The Treatment and Management of Diabetes
• Obesity and Diabetes: The Enemies Within
• Impact of Diabetes on the United Arab Emirates’ Economy
• Childhood Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Management: How Lifestyle, Daily Routine Affect Blood Sugar
• Diabetes Management: Diagnostics and Treatment
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: The Family Genetic History
• Diabetes Type II: Hormonal Mechanism and Intracellular Effects of Insulin
• Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Causes of Diseases: Type 2 Diabetes
• Supportive Intervention in the Control of Diabetes Mellitus
• Enhancing Foot Care Practices in Patients With Diabetes
• Community Health Promotion: The Fight Against Diabetes in a Community Setting
• Diabetes in Australia and Saudi Arabia
• Diabetes: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Point of Care Testing
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 or Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
• Qualitative Research in Diabetes Management in Elderly Patient
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• How Can Artificial Intelligence Technology Be Used to Treat Diabetes?
• What Are the Main Causes and Treatments of Diabetes?
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278 Diabetes Essay Topics, Research Questions, & Presentation Titles

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• Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes
• Reflection on Diabetes Program
• Diabetes and Diabetic Foot
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Discussion
• Diabetes Patient and Holistic Nursing Intervention
• Homeostatic Imbalance and Diabetes Symptoms
• Type 2 Diabetes Patients Care Plan
• The Ageing and Diabetes Care Diabetes is chronic metabolic mayhem in which the body is unable to metabolize glucose-related carbohydrates, fats, and proteins because of a lack of insulin hormone.
• Diabetes Management in Primary Care In this paper, the researcher will focus on how a patient, JT, 55 years old can be helped to manage his type 2 diabetes.
• Annotated Bibliography to Health Literacy, Self-Care and Patients With Diabetes This annotated bibliography covers topics related to health literacy, self-care, and glycemic control among others in patients with diabetes.
• Diabetes: Types, Causes, Symptoms and Cures Diabetes mellitus is a group of endocrine diseases that develop as a result of an absolute or relative deficiency of the hormone insulin.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type II: Diagnosis and Treatment Type II diabetes is caused by a combination of amplified tissue struggle to insulin, scarce insulin emission, or the surplus secretion of glucagon.
• Sweet Consumption and Diabetes In today’s society, diabetes mellitus remains a severe public health problem, destructively affecting the patient’s metabolic activity as well as reducing the quality of life.
• Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes The development of hypertension and diabetes stems from the use of Glucocorticoid medications. Glucocorticoids increases blood glucose production in the liver.
• Diabetes Patient Case Study: Endocrinology Mr. X’s situation can be analyzed through the lens of social determinants. The first determinant is health care access and quality.
• Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Genetic and Environmental Factors The prevalence rate of type 1 diabetes in children raises the question of the role of genetic and environmental factors in the increasing cases of this illness.
• Type 2 Diabetes in a 50-Year-Old Male This paper contains a description and analysis of vulnerability and an appropriate holistic care plan for a 50-year-old male with type 2 diabetes.
• Awareness on Diabetes Causes and Treatment The need to increase awareness of diabetes causes and treatment is the reason why precisely this disease is chosen for this study.
• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Pathophysiology This paper explains Type 1 diabetes. The causes, symptoms, therapeutic procedures, and management procedures of the disease are also explained.
• Diabetes in American Society To get prepared for diabetes, it is important to learn diabetes triggers, causes, complications, and other characteristics.
• Diabetes Mellitus and Its Pathophysiology Diabetes mellitus is a disease that results in the increase of sugar level in the blood due to the inability of the body to produce sufficient insulin.
• Care Plan For the Patient With the Type 2 Diabetes The patients with the diagnosis of Diabetes type 2 require complex care of the professionals in different spheres, of the so-called diabetes care team.
• Diabetes: Causes and Effects of Disease Diabetes is a common disease that is found in all parts of the world. Its defining feature is the accumulation of excessive sugar {glucose} in the bloodstream.
• Diabetes Chronic Condition Management The purpose of this data review project is to examine the diabetes management practices applied by Anthem through data review of key indicators .
• Insulin Pump Therapy in Diabetes This paper explores a study conducted by Johnson, Copper, Jones, and Davis to determine the long-term effect of using insulin pump therapy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes in children.
• Diabetes Diagnosis and Classification The adult participant is at risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to the prevalence of this disease in his family.
• Diabetes in Evidence-Based Nursing Practice The paper analyzes “Diabetic Foot Ulcer: An Evidence-Based Treatment Update” and “Assessment of Diabetes-Related Knowledge among Nursing Staff in a Hospital Setting”.
• Caring for Patients With Diabetes This paper contains recommendations on caring for patients with diabetes mellitus, mainly providing a warm welcome to the patient in the clinic.
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Children and Adolescents The increase of T2DM among children and adolescents in the last five years has surfaced in parallel with a surprising rise in the number of young people who are obese.
• The Importance of Diabetes Prevention Education Diabetes has become a significant threat to society that’s why the annotated bibliography was selected to ensure that readers can acquire information regarding the disease.
• Diabetes Mellitus of Type I vs. Type II Unhealthy eating habits, obesity, and an inactive lifestyle are the most common associations with diabetes. These factors are among the main reasons for developing Type 2 diabetes.
• Clinical Narrative: Conversation With a 30-Years-Old Woman With Diabetes This clinical narrative will outline a conversation with a patient that prompted a reflection about a nurse of the future.
• Diabetes in Children: The Prevalence and Prevention The Canadian Pediatric Association has laid down several recommendations in order to prevent the spread of the disease: encouraging physical activities, and a healthy diet, etc.
• Diabetes Mellitus and Self-Care Education In type 2 diabetic patients, the education provided about self-care reduce the rate of complications in comparison to patients who have not received this education.
• Impact of Establishing a Communication Network of Family Physicians on Level of Hba1c and FBS in Patients With Diabetes Frequency distributions can be presented in different ways. While the most popular and widely used method is a frequency distribution table, histograms and bar graphs can also be used.
• Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes Patients Metformin is not metabolized by the organism: research in patients shows that the drug is excreted unaltered in the urine with not metabolites identified.
• Diabetes: Anatomy and Physiology This paper analyses how diabetes affects the various body parts and the treatment and prevention methods. It is a condition that causes difficulties.
• Which Type of Diabetes Begins in Childhood or Adolescence?
• Can Coffee Reduce the Risk of Diabetes?
• How Does a Child Get Childhood Diabetes?
• What Factor Is Most Predictive of Successful Compliance With Diabetes Treatment?
• Can Exercising and Dieting Prevent People From Type 2 Diabetes?
• What Is a Health Promotion Strategy for Diabetes?
• How Can We Prevent Diabetes in Children?
• What Are the Risk Factors and Complications of Diabetes?
• Can Food Stamps Help to Reduce Medicare Spending on Diabetes?
• How Is Childhood Diabetes Effectively Managed?
• What Affects the Quality of Life for People With Type 1 Diabetes?
• Does Diabetes Affect Cardiovascular Health?
• Can a Child Get Diabetes From Eating Too Much Sugar?
• What Are the 7 Steps to Control Diabetes?
• How Can Diabetes Management Be Improved?
• What Are the Components of a Successful Diabetes Care Team?
• Can Diabetes Go Away if You Lose Weight?
• When Does Type 1 Diabetes Need Insulin?
• What Is the Average Lifespan of a Person With Type 2 Diabetes?
• Can Type 2 Diabetes Be Controlled Without Medication?
• What Are Some of the Latest Advances in the Treatment of Diabetes?
• Does Stress Cause Gestational Diabetes?
• How Has Treatment for Diabetes Changed Over the Years?
• Can a Child Live a Normal Life With Diabetes?
• What Is the Best Way to Manage Diabetes?
• How Diabetes Is Epidemic in New York The paper outlines the study designed by community health officers about the prevalence of diabetes in blacks and Latinos in New York.
• The Treatment of Type II Diabetes The patient under consideration presents with diabetes mellitus and a body mass index of 35. He uses basal and rapid-acting insulin, metformin, and statins.
• Ramadan Intermittent Fasting in Diabetes Patients The paper argues that understanding the characteristics of Ramadan intermittent fasting is critical for delivering excellent treatment to diabetes patients.
• The Effect of Insulin on Type 2 Diabetes One of the most critical medical issues of the twenty-first century is type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes is mainly brought on by insulin resistance.
• A Podcast on the Problem of Diabetes in India The podcast examines the distribution of diabetes in India and the role of socioeconomic status and access to education in developing the condition.
• Diabetes Self-Management Assessment Effect on the Quality of Care Professional nurses collect data, prepare reports, and conduct monitoring. This information forms the basis of benchmark data.
• Diabetes Nursing Policy: Diabetes Care Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of endocrine diseases that develop due to a relative or absolute lack of the hormone insulin.
• A Diabetes-Related PICOT (Research) Question The study of the PICOT question involves the search and systematization of sources to find the most relevant evidence.
• Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes A nurse should not recommend medical treatment for excess weight to a patient who has not tried traditional methods of treatment.
• The Role Exercise Plays in Diabetes Prevention The paper states that exercise has a critical role in preventing diabetes. It helps control cholesterol, weight, blood glucose, and blood pressure.
• Evidence-Based Practice in Diabetes Nursing Care While all nurses should be familiar with the importance of evidence-based practice in enhancing patient outcomes, few have received formal education on how to implement it.
• Ketones Diet and Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus The paper synthesizes evidence-based practices in nursing that can equip care providers with the necessary knowledge to educate diabetic patients.
• Healthy Lifestyle Program Impact on Type 2 Diabetes Patients The purpose of the paper is comparing the clinical results of exercise program implementation and conventional therapy in terms of type 2 diabetes interventions.
• Role of Physical Activity in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes The paper analyzes facts on the interlinkages between metabolic outcomes, physical activity levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, and strategies.
• Aspects of the Epidemiology of Diabetes The paper discusses the epidemiology of diabetes. It provides information about diabetes mellitus, explains the types of it, and shows how it varies.
• Diabetes Mellitus Self-Management The paper indicates a rising trend in diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Individuals who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes need information on self-management.
• Significance of the Diabetes Issue The paper states that diabetes is a severe health issue characterized by a high spread level and a range of symptoms that require constant monitoring.
• Diabetes Disease, Its Prevention and Treatment This paper states that the critical element of achieving success in the precluding of diabetes and its complications appears to be the prevention of diabetes.
• The Diabetes Epidemic in the United States Diabetes is one of the most common autoimmune diseases in the United States. This is a pressing issue for the nation, especially for nurses and doctors.
• Diabetes: Types, Causes, and Complications Diabetes is a serious and dangerous disease that, if untreated, can cause severe health problems or lead to death. There are several types of diabetes.
• Diabetes: Causes, Treatment, and Magnitude The importance of such problem as diabetes is obvious. This disease is the fastest growing in the world at the moment, taking a significant burden on healthcare professionals.
• Social Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes: Ecosocial Perspective The diaTribe Foundation aims to address the urgent issue of increased diabetes prevalence among racial minorities, who have poor awareness of diabetes.
• Habits to Prevent Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes The paper aims to raise awareness among various racial groups in Las Vegas about good preventive habits that prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.
• Type 2 Diabetes Prevention in Racial Minorities: Lifestyle Changes To help diabetic patients control weight loss, well-trained nurses need to promote education on healthy diets and physical activities.
• Incretin Mimetic Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes In patients with type 2 diabetes, there is a significant decrease in the incretin effect and a decrease in insulin secretion in response to an oral load.
• Discussion: Diabetes in the United States Diabetes diagnoses are more common in individuals who have completed high school or earned a GED, or have some college education than in those who hold a bachelor’s degree or higher.
• The Current Trends of Patients With Diabetes The study aims to observe the current trends of patients with diabetes aged sixty-five or older within the selected healthcare setting.
• Interventions Preventing Diabetes Development The patient was diagnosed with prediabetes three months ago. Possible interventions to prevent the development of diabetes type two were unable to succeed.
• Diabetes Health Care Information Collection This work aims at proposing a method of collecting information associated with diabetes, such as demographics, medications used, and other data.
• Reaching Optimal Health With Type 2 Diabetes To combat the symptoms of this disease and its consequences, it is necessary to adjust nutrition, which will normalize the level of insulin in the human body.
• Effects of Diabetes on Quality of Care in Massachusetts The patient involved was a male relative who is diabetic and receives treatment at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
• Epidemic of Type 2 Diabetes Among Hispanic Males Diabetes is a disease with a very high prevalence of 19% among Hispanic males. It is more common among Hispanics than all other races.
• Role of Genes in Diabetes Development Diabetes is a global pandemic whose effects cause immeasurable burden to the globe. About ten percent of the world’s population suffers from diabetes currently.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Diabetes in Canada Type 2 diabetes is a disease that presents a great danger to the life of a human being, and there is currently no cure for it.
• Symptoms of Type I Diabetes The paper discusses the possible symptoms inherent to diabetes. They are unmotivated weak, have drowsiness, persistent thirst, and have dry mouths.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Information Collection This work aims at reviewing legislative considerations, collecting information and its life cycle, which are associated with diabetes.
• Type 1 Diabetes and Appropriate Therapeutic Diet The food intake and knowledge needed can be related to the education and subsequent application of the therapeutic diet.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Study Purpose, Design and Results Study results showed the developed glucose control and prompted variations in the muscle that are associated with improvement in metabolic wellbeing in type two diabetes patients.
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Etiology Decreased insulin sensitivity in the muscle, tissue, and liver leads to increased insulin production by beta cells of the pancreas.
• Diabetes: Etiology and Expected Treatment Options This paper is a diabetes case study of a patient who has type I diabetes and has not been managing her blood sugars since she’s been ill and unable to keep any food down.
• What is the role of gut microbiota in the development of insulin resistance?
• How to improve the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring systems?
• What are the long-term effects of bariatric surgery for diabetes management?
• How does sleep quality influence glycemic control?
• How can telemedicine enhance diabetes care?
• What is the impact of diabetes on cognitive function and brain health?
• What are the best practices for diabetes prevention in children?
• What are the barriers to older adults’ diabetes self-management?
• How does gestational diabetes affect maternal and fetal health?
• How does continuous glucose monitoring impact patients’ quality of life?
• Type 2 Diabetes Management in Primary School Children The care plan for children with type 2 diabetes implies meeting specific objectives for managing the condition of this population group in the context of educational facilities.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Cost-Effective Solution for India At present, a large number of people are experiencing health complications due to a sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activities, poor nutritional habits, and SUD.
• Diabetes: Overview of the Problem and Treatment The percentage of people who have diabetes has increased lately due to the sedentary lifestyle that many individuals select.
• Scientific Method: The Risk of Contracting Diabetes The paper discusses that drinking coffee may reduce the risk of contracting diabetes. The control group produced a significant increase in blood sugar levels.
• Problem of Diabetes in the Elderly Despite the efforts made by health care organizations around the world, the number of people with diabetes is expected to grow.
• Digital Health Interventions for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes “Digital health interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes” is aimed to determine the patients’ perceptions about the diabetes self-management education (DSME) limitation.
• Diabetes in African Americans and Effectiveness of Educational Sessions According to the Diabetes Research Institute Foundation, over a tenth of the population has diabetes and related conditions, and the number of new cases continues to rise rapidly.
• Management of Type 2 Diabetes Metformin is an antihyperglycemic drug prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes to increase their glucose tolerance.
• Australian Government Policy Response to Diabetes Mellitus Type II It is highly necessary to inform the health officer trainees about the main constraints and challenges that should be considered to handle the problem of diabetes pandemic.
• Diabetes Community Health Programs in Florida The discussion examines how the quality of life in Florida correlates with diabetes and proposed a powerful program for dealing with diabetes in children.
• Obesity, Diabetes and Self-Care The paper discusses being overweight or obese is a high-risk factor for diabetes mellitus and self-care among middle-aged diabetics is a function of education and income.
• Diabetes Prevention Lessons in the Community This paper discusses the problem of diabetes prevention in the community, elaborates the teaching plans to help all stakeholders affected by the diabetes problem.
• Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 and Its Causes This paper analyzes the causes of diabetes. They vary depending on genetic makeup, family history, ethnicity, health, and environmental factors.
• Understanding Biostatiscal Principles with Diabetes This paper is meant to review the effectiveness of Biostatistics applied by the information/news medium in communicating diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 related information.
• Community Obesity and Diabetes: Mississippi Focus Study The paper provides a detailed discussion of the correct method to be used in the state of Mississippi to control and avoid obesity and diabetes issues.
• Pathophysiology of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Diabetes insipidus is a type of diabetes that is characterized by a reduced production of the ADH (antidiuretic hormone) also known as vasopressin in the body.
• Childhood Diabetes in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia has one of the highest diabetes prevalence rates in the world. Five-year research determines that Saudi Arabia has an adult diabetes prevalence rate of 23.7%.
• Endocrine Disorders: Diabetes Mellitus This artticle describes Diabetes Mellitus, its etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and nursing considerations.
• Weight Training and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Men Should research in media if the claim that little exercise is adequate to minimize the risk of type two diabetes.
• Evidence-Based Practice Project on Diabetes A fundamental component of early Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment is patient education, which in turn sets the foundation for effective treatment.
• Reducing the Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Foot in the Veteran Population The research proposes to use a comprehensive education program to reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot in the Veteran population.
• Type 1 Diabetes: Characteristics, Epidemiology Type 1 diabetes exhibits different characteristics depending on the person suffering from the disease, place, and time.
• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nursing Practice Gestational diabetes mellitus is widely debated as one of the controversial and less-researched medical conditions. Nurses play an important role in the treatment of GDM.
• Smartphone Role in Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management The current research paper endeavors to explore mat-analysis studies and past research studies on the role played by smartphones in type 2 diabetes self-management.
• Smartphone Application and Diabetes Reminder Management The proposed intervention implies the implementation of smartphone applications aimed at managing diabetes, the intervention has a lot of advantages.
• Diabetes Insipidus: Causes, Treatment, Pathophysiology The lack of sufficient antidiuretic hormone in the body results in diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus can be managed by taking high amounts of fluids to keep the body hydrated.
• Type II Diabetes: Pathophysiology, Initial Signs, Symptoms, This paper discusses pathophysiology associated with type 2 diabetes, initial signs, symptoms, and type of vascular changes that occur early in type II diabetes.
• Social Epidemiology: Diabetes Mellitus in Australian Indigenous People People are advised to engage in physical activity, take a balanced diet, avoid stress, and reduce food and drinks with high levels of sugar.
• Reducing Diabetic Foot Incidence and Its Related Complications Complications arising from the diabetic foot are caused by deep infections and gangrene, which increase the risk of the amputation of the lower limb.
• Type II Diabetes: Disease Analysis Diabetes is one of the diseases that can cause several complications on patients. Evidence has revealed that diabetic complication range from stroke, heart disease or death.
• Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Guidelines The research paper recommends that ADA and other health bodies should customize DSME so that it can suit the needs of diverse patients in different unique communities.
• Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Inhaled Insulin Therapy The paper will focus on glycaemic control for patients with diabetes mellitus and will attempt to identify whether the use of inhaled insulin is beneficial for these patients.
• The Diabetes Study of Northern California The population-based study shows that Latinos in the United States are disproportionately affected by diabetes type-2 and have poor glycemic control.
• Lived Experience of Diabetes Among Older, Rural People The implied research question is, “what are the most significant issues associated with the self-management of diabetes among the elderly?”
• “Bariatric Surgery v. Conventional Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes” by Mingrone This paper critiqued a study “Bariatric surgery versus conventional medical therapy for type 2 diabetes” that aimed to compare traditional medical therapy and bariatric surgery.
• Depression Intervention Among Diabetes Patients The research examines the communication patterns used by depression care specialist nurses when communicating with patients suffering from diabetes.
• The New Jersey Diabetes Prevention and Control Program The aim of the New Jersey Diabetes Prevention and Control Program is to mitigate the high level of type II diabetes in the target population, through education on lifestyle.
• Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Self-Administer Insulin The importance of patient education to facilitate primary health care skills and knowledge in vulnerable populations has been broadly addressed in scholarly literature.
• Reduction of Kidney Failure Due to Diabetes This proposal aims to outline the project’s matter for future advanced practice because of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its vast economic and health consequences.
• Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus This article discusses in detail how type 2 diabetes develops over time in patients with metabolic syndrome, focusing on the pathophysiological changes that occur.
• Microbiome matters: the link between gut microbiota and diabetes.
• Diabetes and the aging brain: cognitive impacts on older adults.
• Addressing cultural disparities in diabetes care.
• The complex relationship between diabetes and heart health.
• The influence of stress on diabetes development.
• Beyond blood sugar: the multi-organ effects of diabetes.
• The benefits of a plant-based diet for diabetes.
• Can type 2 diabetes be reversed?
• Unique challenges of adults with latent autoimmune diabetes.
• Diabetes and reproductive health: the impact on fertility.
• The Type II Diabetes in Obese Children Approximately 10% of school-going children aged between 5 years and 17 years can be described to be obese; a quarter of them are at a heightened risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
• Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Foot Evaluation The research proposes to use a comprehensive education program to reduce incidences of diabetes mellitus and diabetic foot in the population.
• Screening and Management of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Guidelines Health care systems across the world are employing diverse screening strategies and criteria in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus among the population.
• Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Low-Income Communities The present paper offers a review of literature on the major reasons for diabetes prevalence in low-income communities.
• Nursing Diabetes and Obesity Patients Nursing diabetes and obese patients are regarded as one of the most serious problems of contemporary nursing practices.
• Increasing Diabetes Infections Among the Hispanic Populations The article’s objective is centered around establishing whether chronic stress makes US Hispanics more susceptible to diabetes.
• Type II Diabetes: Treatments Metformin is the most common drug recommended for treating type II diabetes. This drug lowers blood glucose level by reducing the production of insulin.
• A Peer Group Support in Intervention for Adolescent With Type One Diabetes Adolescents with diabetes usually experience difficulties in their physical, emotional, and social stress emerging from the complex medication regimen they have to comply with.
• Diabetes Mellitus Overview and Analysis Diabetes which is medically referred to as diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic disorder that occurs due to the lack of production or action of insulin in the body.
• Nutrition Impact in Developing Type II Diabetes Mellitus Type II diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects the production and use of insulin in the body facilitating the uptake of glucose (blood sugar).
• The Prevalence of Diabetes in the Elderly From 2000 to 2009 The endeavor of this review is to determine the occurrence of diabetes in the American populace for the period spanning 2000 to 2009.
• The Connection Between Apoptosis and Diabetes The purpose of this study is to investigate the existing body of information regarding apoptosis processes and their connection with diabetes mellitus.
• Mobile Apps for Diabetes Mellitus Patients Research To address people with diabetes mellitus issues, researchers advocate that mobile health services might help them manage their life with the disease better.
• Comparison of Type 1 and 2 Diabetes The primary difference between different types of diabetes is that type one diabetes is more serious, as people continuously rely on particular medications to continue living.
• Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Low-Income Communities: An Ethical Aspect Poor quality of life leads to widespread diabetes mellitus, especially among low-income communities. It creates an ethical dilemma that requires the attention of the authorities.
• Diabetes: Preventive Measures and Diagnostics To prevent the risk of developing diabetes, the diet of the patient should include healthy fats, fruits and vegetables, high-fiber bread and cereals, and seafood.
• Prevention of Type II Diabetes This article is devoted to the prevention of type 2 diabetes: the factors that can trigger the disease, as well as the categories of people who are at risk, are considered.
• Type 1 Diabetes in Children Type 1 diabetes is a major problem among young members of the population because they become infringed from their earliest years.
• Diabetes Care Team Best Practices Successful diabetes care requires the systematic collaboration of professionals from different branches of medicine.
• Impacts of Nutrition on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus The purpose of this article is to highlight the contribution of nutrition to Type 2 diabetes mellitus – the most prevalent type of diabetes amid adults.
• Type II Diabetes Mellitus Overview The prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus is anticipated to rise gradually with aging and decreased life expectancy.
• The Role of Significant Others in Adolescent Diabetes, A Qualitative Study by Carroll and Marrero The work “The Role of Significant Others in Adolescent Diabetes” by Carroll and Marrero, from a scholarly approach, demonstrates that the two researchers achieved their aim.
• Incidence of Diabetes in the United States Diabetes as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and prevalence statistics for America.
• How Diabetes Works: Medical Analysis Diabetes, a disease which alters the body’s capability to utilize glucose effectively, plays a significant role in the deaths of more than 200,000 Americans each year, six times the number in 1950.
• Mexican American Children and Type 2 Diabetes There are multiple programs that aim to cater for primary, secondary as well as tertiary care in children with diabetes, diabetes-related diseases, and disabilities.
• Mindful Eating Intervention and Diabetes Self-Management Intervention The paper discusses the article “Comparison of a mindful eating intervention to a diabetes self-management intervention among adults with type 2 diabetes” by Miller et al.
• Patient Education Technology: MySugr Diabetes Logbook The purpose of the MySugr Diabetes Logbook mHealth application is to track and manage critical health information related to diabetes treatment.
• Evaluation of the Clinical Outcomes of Telehealth for Managing Diabetes The present paper is dedicated to a critical overview of a systematic review “Evaluation of the Clinical Outcomes of Telehealth for Managing Diabetes”.
• Integrative Review on Adherence in Haitians With Diabetes Chronic kidney failure is a complex disorder that affects thousands of people every day. People from impoverished areas such as Haiti are especially vulnerable to the threat.
• Preventing Diabetes and Heart Failure Hospitalizations The goal of this research is to acquire data regarding the opinion given by patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF).
• Diabetes Control and Education: Four-Week Project The project will analyze the target population and study the impact of 4-week education on patients’ belief in treatment, quality of life, and blood glucose control.
• Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes Patients The research discusses patient and physician perspectives on the worth of a new technology that can be used to detect cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.
• Diabetes Conference as a Scholarly Activity I chose to attend a conference on diabetes held by Baptist Health South Florida, a non-profit medical organization. Diabetes is a too broad topic to be explained in a single day.
• Diabetes Type 2 Self-Management Education The concept of diabetes self-management comprises several activities aimed to alleviate disease symptoms: medication intake, physical exercise, and diet.
• Bariatric Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes Management The paper examines how bariatric surgery could fit into the evidence-based practice of T2DM management by outlining its effectiveness and the risks associated with it.
• The Use of Diabetes Self-Management Apps by African-American Women This paper discusses the use of self-management smartphone apps for reinforcing and enhancing health behaviors in African-American women with diabetes.
• Older Rural People with Diabetes: Life Expectancy Understanding how patients view the concept of diabetes is crucial to the identification of the further means of approaching the disease and improving the quality of the services.
• EHR Database Management: Diabetes Prevention The data needed to prevent diabetes is usually collected throughout regular screenings conducted whenever a patient refers to a hospital, as well as by using various lab tests.
• Diabetes in African American Patients This research project addresses the implications of diabetes for African American patients and reviews the possible ways of treating it.
• Diabetes Management for Older Adults in Long-Term Care Diabetes mellitus maintains a high prevalence in long-term care facilities and creates a consequential disease burden which results in higher costs.
• Diabetes Mellitus II: Screening and Statistics
• Type 2 Diabetes: Possible Interventions and Prevention
• Type 2 Diabetes, Risk Factors, Medical Intervention
• Developmental Care for Type 1 Diabetes
• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment and Management
• Evidence-Based Practice: Diabetes Prevalence
• Diabetes Type 2 Treatment and Health Promotion
• Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Diabetes
• Educational Programs for Hispanic Patients with Diabetes
• Diabetes Negligence in the Pediatric Population
• Diabetes in Children: Symptoms and Diagnostics
• Foot Ulcers Management in Diabetes Patients
• Diabetes Self-Management Education in Elderly
• Type-2 Diabetes: Condition and Resources Analysis
• Transition’s Impact for Patients With Diabetes
• Diabetes in Adolescents, Social and Medical Issues
• Insulin Pharmacological Effects in Diabetes Management
• Education Strategies for Elderly Patients with Diabetes
• Diabetes Interventions for Aging African Americans
• Chronic Fatigue in Diabetes
• Type II Diabetes Treatment
• Type II Diabetes in Evidence-Based Pharmacology
• Diabetes 2 Complications: Neuropathy and Retinopathy
• Weight Gain, Atherosclerosis, Diabetes Relationship
• Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes
• Risk Assessment Models for Diabetes Complications
• Diabetes Among Hispanics in Miami: Risk Factors
• Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China
• Diabetes and Status among Immigrants in California
• Chronic Disease: Diabetes Mellitus
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults
• Diabetes Genetic Risks in Diagnostics
• Patients With Diabetes and Concomitant Diseases’ Risk
• Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes
• Using Dulaglutide in the Treatment of Patients with Diabetes
• Diabetic Nutritional Plan For a 15-Year-Old Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patient
• Diabetes Treatment: Computer-Based Intervention
• Diabetes: Country Walk Community’s Health Problem
• Wound Care Tests in Diabetes
• Treatment and Advances in Diabetes
• Type II Diabetes: Patient Case Study
• Types of Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Insulin
• Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Supporting Resources
• Economic Impact and Comorbidities of Diabetes Mellitus: Global Perspectives
• Food Diversion as a Type-2 Diabetes Treatment
• Managing Hypertension in Diabetic Patients
• Rising Cases of Diabetes Among Adolescents: Healthcare Concerns
• Vitamin D Deficiency and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
• Diabetes and Possible Interventions
• Diabetes and Dementia Relationships and Nursing
• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Adolescents
• Type 2 Diabetes: Disease Process and Screening
• Overweight Diabetes Patients With Cardiovascular Risk
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Integrated Management
• Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
• “Prandial Inhaled Insulin Plus Basal Insulin Glargine Versus Twice Daily Biaspart Insulin for Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicentre Randomised Trial”: Article Review
• Improving Diabetes Lifestyle

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These essay examples and topics on Diabetes were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

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188 Diabetes Research Topics & Essay Examples

📝 diabetes research papers examples, 💡 essay ideas on diabetes, 👍 good diabetes essay topics to write about, 🏆 best diabetes essay titles, 🎓 simple research topics about diabetes, ❓ diabetes research questions.

• Healthcare Concern: High Rate of Diabetes The primary health concern for Eatonville’s diverse population is a high rate of diabetes. Approximately 24% of residents are suffering from the condition.
• Patient Teaching Plan: Type II Diabetes The patient's genetic history strongly suggests a risk of developing type II diabetes. Hypertension is a common condition among many of its members.
• Diabetes Self-Management Education Evidence suggests that web-based education initiatives positively correlate with self-management outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
• Diabetes Types and Drug Treatments This paper explores the four types of diabetes, medication applied to manage type 1, and the effects that the condition has on individuals' lives.
• Diabetes Education for Hispanic Patients This article discusses the question of is continuing patient education effective in improving HgBA1C in diabetic Hispanic patients.
• Hispanics With Diabetes Mellitus This paper discusses the issue of how effectively does diabetes education improves health outcomes in Hispanics with diabetes mellitus.
• The Church's Diabetes Self-Management Education Program The main goal of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a multi-faceted church-based diabetes self-management education program. The researchers assessed the impact of this intervention.
• Various Diabetes Management Activities Diabetes management includes different activities. Education and support are basic aspects of any treatment plan because the disease requires daily monitoring and control performed by a patient.
• Educational Programs for Patients With Diabetes The effectiveness of educational programs for patients with diabetes is still a relevant issue. Different specialists claim that diabetes self-management education does not adequately address the problems.
• Diabetes Education Programs for Patients Problems related to diabetes are especially relevant for Latin Americans. There are different methods to address such a problem. One of the most effective approaches is educational programs.
• Silent Myocardial Infarction and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients who are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 often die from silent myocardial infarction and heart failure.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Educational Plan This paper will outline an education plan for homebound elderly with diabetes. The plan aims to reinforce the population’s understanding of the condition and improve their self-care behaviors.
• Diabetes and Hypertension Patient's Healthcare Plan This paper presents the healthcare plan of a 49-year-old white woman with a history of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and migraine headaches.
• Diabetes Prevention in Hispanic Populations Hispanic people face a considerably higher risk of type 2 diabetes due to the lack of knowledge about the condition and poor access to care.
• Enhancing Diabetes Self-Management The study by George and Thomas was aimed at revealing how the aged (65 years and above) diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes and living in rural areas perceive self-management.
• Type 2 Diabetes Patient's Support Needs To reduce the probability of contracting type 2 diabetes, it is strongly advisable for the patient to find more information about the disease and possible ways of its prevention.
• Useful Interventions in Treating Diabetes Diabetes is a chronic disease that mainly affects the older population. This paper discusses useful interventions that have been shown to yield better results.
• Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes Type 2: Assessment Obesity plays a substantial role in adipocytokine dysregulation which is suggested to be a pathogenic trigger of insulin resistance and other diabetes-related problems.
• Treatment of Patient: Risk of Diabetes and Hypertension The risk of diabetes is to be reduced with the help of a diet. To evaluate the effectiveness, keep track of BMI and blood sugar level.
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes and Hypertension The advantageous method to evaluate the intervention's efficiency is activity log. This element contains all the information about the patient's activities and progresses.
• Pathophysiology: Diabetes Type 1 and 2 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease; the immune system of the body attacks the beta cells of the pancreas, which results in the elimination of insulin production.
• Measuring the Global Burden of Disease Community members should identify the best sources of statistical information in order to understand the major illnesses affecting them.
• Diabetes Evidence-Based Treatment Outcomes Diabetes is associated with a decline in health-related quality of life, so after the intervention, it is reasonable to expect improvements in several areas.
• Elderly Education on Diabetes: Study Design This paper is meant to study the effect of post-discharge self-management education promotions and techniques for elderly patients with diabetes on health outcomes.
• Managing the Daily Life of Individuals With Diabetes The suggested teaching plan covers the topic of primary prevention and health promotion. The health problem it comprises is diabetes.
• A High Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes The purpose of the paper is to overview the type 2 diabetes , describe an evidence-based intervention related to the modifiable risk factor, and suggest a teaching plan for the patient.
• Hypertension and Type II Diabetes Mellitus Pathophysiology The clinical findings and physical examination of the patient provide evidence that prove the development of right-sided heart failure.
• Diabetes Patient: The Impact of Chronic Illness The interview indicates that the patient has accepted her disease and manages it. She is aware of her condition and controls her blood glucose level regularly.
• The Prevention and Control the Type-2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is a widespread health issue that affects many people around the world regardless of age and gender.
• Diabetes: Disease Analysis Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease. There are three types of diabetes, such as type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
• Teaching Patients to Live with Diabetes The lesson informs patients about possible behavioral changes associated with diabetes and prepares them to live under new conditions, requirements and restrictions.
• Diabetes Management and Pharmacological Effects The research paper provides pharmacological effects of herbal supplements and metformin medication in the management of diabetes and nursing implications.
• Epidemiology Topics for Signature Assignment The topic of diabetic retinopathy is relevant to my future career as I will seek to encourage every patient with diabetes to have an eye examination regularly.
• Cardiovascular Issues in Hispanic Diabetes Patient This paper discusses the disease processes and produces a treatment plan for a 59-year-old Hispanic male with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.
• Chronic Renal Failure: Prevention and Treatment in Diabetic Patients Chronic renal failure (CRF), which is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, is a condition when kidneys fail to perform their function and respond to the needs of a body.
• Benefits of the Ketogenic Diet in Diabetic Patients The goal of this study is to verify the benefits of ketogenic diets in diabetic patients. The objectives included searching the literature for recent articles on the use of ketogenic diets in diabetes.
• The Issue of Diabetes in Native Americans The paper contributes to efforts for improving the quality of care for Native American patients diagnosed with or at risk for diabetes.
• Diabetes Documentation for Non-Medical Individuals This essay looks at how diabetes has been documented for non-medical individuals over the decades. Examples will be drawn from the poem Diabetes by James Dickey.
• Effectiveness of Pragmatic Lifestyle Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes The studies show that even small changes in lifestyle and physical activity may significantly facilitate the condition of a patient with diabetes.
• The Management of Diabetes in Children The management of diabetes in children needs comprehensive understanding owing to the age of patients and the complexity that comes with the disease.
• Diabetes Prevention: Plan of Care As a lifestyle and dietary choices are central to diabetes prevention and management, it is critical to develop a plan of care for the use in health delivery to this population.
• Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes is one of the primary health concerns of the American healthcare system. The prevalence of the disorder is likely to remain unchanged or even increase due to population aging.
• Geriatric Diabetes Management: Evidence-Based Project The presence of diabetes may provoke several complications such as an increase in the levels of blood sugar and blood glucose.
• Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes The patient involved in the assessment should pay attention to his diet as a modifiable risk factor associated with type 2 diabetes.
• Patient Education: Prepare to Live with Diabetes Living with diabetes is not an easy task. Unfortunately, no cure can be offered to patients in order to eliminate it completely.
• Diabetes Signs, Screening and Treatment Diabetes is among the most common endocrine disorders among adults. The condition can be successfully managed using a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches.
• Diabetes Monitor Health Application: Patient Guide The Diabetes Monitor health application records, analyzes, and controls the development of diabetes, reminds of blood glucose tests and the prescribed medicine.
• Nutritional Recommendations for Pediatric Diabetes The issue of children who have diabetes has gained a lot of attention in recent years due to the overwhelming number of consequences that influence their health on a daily basis.
• Diabetes: Causes and Effects Diabetes is the ailment in which there is lack of the production and improper utilization of insulin in the body.
• Diabetic Patient's Education on Insulin Injections The nursing case study is about Juan Duran, a Mexican-American who was prescribed to take insulin injections but was not instructed in how to perform them.
• Diabetes in Adolescents: Research Critique The following topics are discussed in this essay: protection of human participants, data collection, data management and analysis, findings, and interpretation of findings.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Recent Research and Clinical Findings Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, so it can not be completely treated; only properly managed, this is why the reliable method of diagnostics is a great tool for fighting it.
• The Negative Impact of Diabetes on Pregnancy This paper aims to raise awareness about the negative impact of diabetes on pregnancy and how this impact can be mitigated.
• Poor Diabetes Control in Miami-Dade County, Florida Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects a patient’s blood sugar level and leads to a range of negative consequences.
• The Family-Based Education for Adult Patients with T2DM: Positive Effects The purpose of this review is to determine whether family-based education improves glycemic control and health-related quality of life in adult patients with T2DM.
• “Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Diabetes” by Chlebowy In the article, Chlebowy et al. examined one’s ability to manage diabetes type 2 and possible complications in the form of depression, anxiety, and stress.
• The Treatment of Foot Ulcers in Diabetic Patients: Case Study The treatment of foot ulcers in diabetic patients is characterized by several restrictions and precautionary measures.
• Evidence-Based Practice Interventions for Diabetes: CLC Assignment in Nursing Looking for evidence-based practice interventions for diabetes? ➤ Read our project paper example to ✅ learn about mobile health interventions in diabetes care.
• Diabetes and Hypertension Avoiding Recommendations It is vital to develop a system of health recommendations that would promote the prevention of diabetes in Hispanic Americans.
• About Diabetes Treatment The article is a summary of the literature on the most recent findings for effective type 2 diabetes management strategies with a focus on patient engagement.
• Prevalence of Diabetes in Minority Populations This paper examines how nurse specialists could cope with the progression of diabetes in minority populations, such as Hispanics.
• COPD, Heart Failure, Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus The paper aims to address health problems associated with high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. It involves analyzing patients’ lifestyles.
• Type 2 Diabetes in Aged Indigenous Australians The prevalence of diabetes 2 is common amongst the indigenous Australian people. The trend can be attributed to the genetic susceptibility amongst these people.
• Resistin and Its Potential Effects on Insulin Resistance The paper explores the physiological effects of the gut hormone Resistin. In the study conducted at The Penn Diabetes Center, resistin was first discovered as a 12 kDa polypeptide.
• The Global Prevalence of Diabetes in the World This document explores diabetes’ occurrence, causes, and the people more affected around the world, discusses symptoms of the disease and corrective measures to deal with it.
• Management of Foot Ulcers for People with Diabetes Diabetes-related complications are responsible for diabetic foot ulceration and amputation. Cases of lower limb amputation have increased because of diabetes.
• Patient Illness Trajectory From Diabetes Diagnosis to Hemodialysis in Taiwan The article reviews a study that examined diabetic patients' perceptions of their health and the importance of such information for nurses in the treatment of the disease.
• Diabetes Prevention Program Review This report aims to review the curriculum for the Diabetes Prevention Program that is offered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in preventing diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus: The Key Aspects Diabetes mellitus signifies a chronic, lifetime condition that affects the aptitude of the body to consume the glucose in the blood.
• Prevention of Medication Errors in Diabetic Patients in Home Health Services The paper seeks to point out how medical errors can be prevented in-home care and hence lead to improved health outcomes in-home care for diabetic patients.
• Diabetes Risk Factors in Adolescents Diabetes is a common disease among young people in the USA. Dietary practices and a sedentary lifestyle are the main risk factors for the development of type II diabetes.
• How To Protect an Infant Born to a Diabetic Mother This paper evaluates an effective care plan to be given to the baby as a way of mitigating the risks of an infant born of a diabetic mother contracting the disease.
• Care Plan Development: Treating Diabetes Mellitus This study discusses my role as a nurse in the examination of the health of an individual having diabetes and the provision of medical care.
• Diabetes: Obesity in Children This paper will discuss obesity in children and the management strategies that may help to reduce cases of overweight among the kids.
• Type 2 Diabetes Effect on African American Community The paper focuses on an effective learning program that will create awareness about Type 2 diabetes so that members can avoid behavior that may put them at the risk.
• A Study of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes in the Northwest of England Juvenile type 1 diabetes mellitus is the form of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that occurs in children and adolescents.
• Healthy People 2020 Initiative Goals in Miami, FL The three population-based communicable diseases analyzed are HIV/AIDS, STDs, and Diabetes. The community considered is Miami, FL 33155.
• Diabetes Mellitus: Resources Diabetes resource centers provide information that aids in learning the best manner of preventing and managing the illness.
• Support for Diabetes Using Technology by Hunt et al. Although technology applications can be used in the self-management of diabetes, people need to understand the multifaceted treatment plan.
• Critical Analysis: Diabetes Risk Factors in Adolescents The paper is divided into various sections, as follows: protection of human participants; data collection; data management and analysis; problem statement; interpretation of findings.
• Strengthening Adherence in Patients With Diabetes Strengthening adherence in patients with diabetes could be realized via strong social and family support, the involvement of medical personnel, is also of great assistance.
• Diabetes Type-2 Management and Intervention Plan Better management of type-2 diabetes can help make positive changes in lifestyle and delay or avoid the complications related to this disorder.
• The Coping Skills, Treatment, and Support Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus Chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus is a big blow to the patient. The paper analysis the coping skills, treatment, and support aspects of diabetes mellitus.
• The Insulin Pump Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes The purpose of this paper is to discuss Johnson and the group findings in the context of the existing research the insulin pump therapy and its importance for the nursing practice.
• A Diabetes Diagnosis: Insulin Pump Therapy The current article discusses the long-term results of a diabetes diagnosis known as Insulin Pump Therapy. A large population was used to investigate these outcomes.
• Diabetes Mellitus Management Strategy This paper seeks to identify the most current diabetes management strategy, critically analyzing its findings in terms of its relevance to diabetes management.
• Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension for Elderly Patients With Diabetes This essay discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension in elderly diabetic patients, pharmacological principles in its management, and general nursing care.
• Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin This paper discusses the structure, synthesis, secretion and metabolism of insulin in association with its major function, which is to regulate blood glucose.
• Treatment for Diabetes Analysis Although the new discoveries of antidiabetic drugs appear on the market, diabetic patients still suffer from diseases and side effects of these discoveries.
• Course Project: Lesson Plan for Diabetes Mellitus The main purpose of the lesson plan is to inform and sensitize more people about the issues associated with diabetes mellitus.
• Diabetes Management and Quality Improvement Initiative The purpose of the diabetes management and quality improvement initiative is to enhance the process of the healthcare provider and the outcome of patients.
• Diabetes Mellitus Type II Diabetes mellitus type II is a chronic metabolic syndrome that affects the body’s sugar metabolism by resisting the stimulation and production of insulin.
• Diabetes and Healthy People 2020 Care Plan This project has identified the patient vulnerable to the selected health issue of diabetes and assessed one’s health status from the point of view of Healthy People 2020.
• Diabetes Resources, Control and Prevention The following project will list three helpful resources for this patient and for all those who need help in diabetes prevention and health promotion.
• Diabetic Diet Management: Patient Education Plan A nurse supporting individuals with diabetes should use education plans to produce the best goals, focus on a wide range of issues such as disease management, exercise, and diet.
• Diabetes Prevention Lesson and Teaching Plan In this paper, the teaching plan will be elaborated to help the community people affected by the diabetes problem improve their health status.
• Diabetes Impact on Direct Care Plan Development A diabetes direct care plan for the people in the community should be based on the data obtained during the screening and evaluation procedures.
• Aspirin Usage for Women with Diabetes For women with diabetes, does the use of low-dose aspirin daily reduce the risk of cardiovascular events within several years in comparison with no usage of low-dose aspirin?
• Type 2 Diabetes: The Ways to Prevent or Delay It This paper aims to describe several ways to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes: adequate diet, physical activity, etc.
• Diabetes and Positive Influence of Physical Exercise Continuous physical exercise helps diabetic patients to reduce their daily need for insulin, attain a healthy body mass index, and lower cardiovascular complications.
• Researching Intervention on Diabetes It is emotionally challenging for adolescents to understand why diabetes is a chronic disease that will accompany them throughout their lives
• Indicators in Black Diabetes Mellitus Type II Patients This paper aims to analyze the importance of the variables and their topicality to the chosen PICOT question about black diabetes mellitus type II patients.
• The BlueStar Diabetes Mobile Health Application The mobile health application "BlueStar Diabetes" is advised for the client to help improve his quality of life and prevent any complications.
• Type 2 Diabetes: Age-Related Changes Type 2 diabetes is a disorder commonly caused by blood sugar imbalance in the body when insulin hormone becomes defective, and mainly results from lifestyle implications.
• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease The paper demonstrates that type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease (CAD) can cause the symptoms of feeling extremely tired and gaining weight.
• Diabetes and Healthy People 2020 The paper will address diabetes from the point of view of Healthy People 2020 and discuss diabetes' impact on individual health and the overall health of the nation.
• Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Health Promotion Program The prevention of type 2 diabetes can be accomplished by ensuring that patients exercise, maintain a proper diet, get an annual physical, and participate in lifestyle seminars.
• Diabetes Intervention as Evidence-Based Practice Project The development of artificial pancreas technology provides an opportunity for more effective and safe treatment that is ongoing 24/7.
• Rapid Weight Loss in Elderly Diabetic Patient The paper discusses about measures for diagnostic causes problem of weight loss in diabetic and importance of right diagnostics.
• Quality Healthcare: Measuring NP Performance Out of six domains of care proposed by the National Committee for Quality Assurance, the paper focuses on such domains as the effectiveness of care.
• Diabetes in Children: Policies and Programs Diabetes is a chronic disease, the onset of which is caused due to the lack of insulin produced by the pancreas or organism's inability to use this insulin.
• Reducing Hospital Readmissions Among Diabetes Patients This paper proposes to use several strategies that may not only improve outcomes in patients with diabetes but also reduce related workload and cost burden on the industry.
• Constant Glucose Monitoring in Diabetic Patients The paper discusses the importance of Constant Glucose Monitoring in diabetic patients. It includes that GCM improves treatment satisfaction.
• Health Belief Model in Diabetes Care It is important to note that diabetes is a chronic condition where an individual’s body experiences issues with blood sugar regulations.
• The Type 2 Diabetes Patient Education Knowledge of type 2 diabetes and mortality from this disease will help to raise awareness of patients in this matter.
• A Diabetes Patient's Challenging Experiences The current paper provides one with a better understanding of individuals’ experiences with chronic illnesses and associated vulnerabilities.
• Reducing Hospital Readmissions With Diabetes The current paper will review the ways of reducing frequent hospital readmissions among the population of patients with diabetes.
• Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Plan for Teenager The patient is a female teenager who goes to high school and frequently attends soccer practice, as she is the goalie of the soccer team.
• Factors That Affect the Increase of Type 2 Diabetes Worldwide
• Diabetes Mellitus and Contemporary Naturopathic Medicine
• Glucose Tolerance Tests Accuracy in Diagnosing Diabetes
• Metformin and Biliary Tract Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Among Ethnic Minorities and the Aging Population
• Diabetes, Ethnicity, and Genetics
• Type Two Diabetes Mellitus as a Disease That Discriminates Against Lifes
• Medications Adherence and Associated Factors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Gaza Strip, Palestine
• Obesity and Diabetes: Implications for Brain-Immunometabolism
• Optimizing Exercise for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
• Obesity and Diabetes: Energy Regulation by Free Fatty Acid Receptors
• Living With Diabetes: The Benefits of a High Fat and Low Carbohydrate Diet
• Sex and Gender Aspects in Diabetes
• Childhood Obesity and Its Correlation With Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes Mellitus and Erectile Dysfunctions
• Vegetarian and Vegan Diets on Type 2 Diabetes Management
• Genetic Origins and Interventions of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
• Understanding Autoimmune Diabetes Through the Prism of the Tri-Molecular Complex
• Mediterranean Diet and Type 2 Diabetes
• Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: A Critical Assessment of the Shared Pathological Traits
• Novel Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes
• Family-based Diabetes Intervention for Hispanic Adults and Their Family Members
• Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Among African Americans
• Diabetes Alters Activation and Repression of Pro- And Anti-inflammatory Signaling Pathways in the Vasculature
• Diabetes: All About the Disease, Its Causes, Effects, Treatments, and Possible Future Treatments
• Diabetes Health and Prevention for Asian Americans
• Traditional and Alternative Medicine for Type Two Diabetes
• Camel Milk and Its Effects on People With Type One Diabetes
• Diabetes, Pancreatic Cancer, and Metformin Therapy
• Platelet Measurements and Type 2 Diabetes: Investigations in Two Population-based Cohorts
• Gestational Diabetes and How To Treat the Disease During Pregnancy
• Connecting Alzheimer’s Disease With Diabetes Mellitus Through Amyloidogenic Evolvability
• Phosphatidylserine-liposomes Promote Tolerogenic Features on Dendritic Cells in Human Type 1 Diabetes by Apoptotic Mimicry
• Factors That Affect the Health Condition of Diabetes
• Native Americans and the Effects of Diabetes
• Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatments
• Asian Indians With Prediabetes Have Similar Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function to Those With Type 2 Diabetes
• Diabetes and Complementary and Alternative Therapies
• Diabetes Disease and Its Effect on the Digestive System
• Type One Diabetes and the Consequences
• What Are the Screening Tools for Type 1 Diabetes?
• How Does Insulin Help Diabetes Be Controlled?
• What Is the Prophylaxis To Prevent Type 2 Diabetes?
• How Does Diabetes Not Cause Depression?
• Why Are Approximately 1,800 New Cases of Diabetes Diagnosed in America Every Day?
• Does Alcohol Decrease the Risk of Diabetes?
• What Is the Relationship Between Excess Iron and Type 2 Diabetes?
• Does Overeating Cause Diabetes, Cavities, Acne, Hyperactivity and Make You Fat?
• How Fat and Obesity Cause Diabetes?
• What Is Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
• What Are the Effects of Diabetes on the Peripheral Blood Vessels and the Consequences?
• How Diabetes Insipidus Takes Place in the Human Body?
• Cell-Based Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Should We Take Hyperglycemia Into Account?
• What Is the Prevalence and Statistics of Diabetes in Australia?
• How Diabetes Mellitus Changes Urine Formation?
• What Is the Public Awareness of Diabetes?
• Can Diabetes Become Preventable?
• What Are the Main Causes and Treatments of Diabetes?
• Can Exercising and Dieting Prevent People From Type 2 Diabetes?
• What Is Pharmacotherapy and How Does It Help in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes?
• Can Coffee Reduce the Risk of Diabetes?
• What Factors Are Involved in the Increasing Prevalence of Type II Diabetes in Adolescents Living in Sub-saharan Africa?
• Is It Possible to Manage Diabetes Through Diet and Weight Control?
• What Is the Relationship Between Depression and Diabetes?
• How Does the Treatment With Insulin Affect Type 2 Diabetes?
• What Is the Relationship Between Genetic Predisposition, Obesity, and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes?
• How to Reduce the Likelihood of Rehospitalization of Patients With Diabetes?
• Why Diabetes Mellitus and How It Affects the United States?
• Does Valproic Acid Have Potential in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus?
• What Is the Relationship Between Genetics and Diabetes?

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NursingBird . "188 Diabetes Research Topics & Essay Examples." May 23, 2024. https://nursingbird.com/topics/diabetes-research-topics/.

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New Aspects of Diabetes Research and Therapeutic Development

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are advancing at exponential rates, placing significant burdens on health care networks worldwide. Although traditional pharmacologic therapies such as insulin and oral antidiabetic stalwarts like metformin and the sulfonylureas continue to be used, newer drugs are now on the market targeting novel blood glucose–lowering pathways. Furthermore, exciting new developments in the understanding of beta cell and islet biology are driving the potential for treatments targeting incretin action, islet transplantation with new methods for immunologic protection, and the generation of functional beta cells from stem cells. Here we discuss the mechanistic details underlying past, present, and future diabetes therapies and evaluate their potential to treat and possibly reverse type 1 and 2 diabetes in humans.

Significance Statement

Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions in the developed and developing world alike. As the last several years have seen many new developments in the field, a new and up to date review of these advances and their careful evaluation will help both clinical and research diabetologists to better understand where the field is currently heading.

I. Introduction

Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disease defined by elevated fasting blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production, has reached epidemic proportions worldwide (World Health Organization, 2020 ). Type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D, respectively) make up the majority of diabetes cases with T1D characterized by autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. The much more prevalent T2D arises in conjunction with peripheral tissue insulin resistance and beta cell failure and is estimated to increase to 21%–33% of the US population by the year 2050 (Boyle et al., 2010 ). To combat this growing health threat and its cardiac, renal, and neurologic comorbidities, new and more effective diabetes drugs and treatments are essential. As the last several years have seen many new developments in the field of diabetes pharmacology and therapy, we determined that a new and up to date review of these advances was in order. Our aim is to provide a careful evaluation of both old and new therapies ( Fig. 1 ) in a manner that we hope will be of interest to both clinical and bench diabetologists. Instead of the usual encyclopedic approach to this topic, we provide here a targeted and selective consideration of the underlying issues, promising new treatments, and a re-examination of more traditional approaches. Thus, we do not discuss less frequently used diabetes agents, such as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors; these were discussed in other recent reviews (Hedrington and Davis, 2019 ; Lebovitz, 2019 ).

Pharmacologic targeting of numerous organ systems for the treatment of diabetes. Treatment of diabetes involves targeting of various organ systems, including the kidney by SGLT2 inhibitors; the liver, gut, and adipose tissue by metformin; and direct actions upon the pancreatic beta cell. Beta cell compounds aim to increase secretion or mass and/or to protect from autoimmunity destruction. Ultimately, insulin therapy remains the final line of diabetes treatment with new technologies under development to more tightly regulate blood glucose levels similar to healthy beta cells. hESC, human embryonic stem cell.

II. Diabetes Therapies

A. metformin.

Metformin is a biguanide originally based on the natural product galegine, which was extracted from the French lilac (Bailey, 1992 ; Rojas and Gomes, 2013 ; Witters, 2001 ). A closely related biguanide, phenformin, was also used initially for its hypoglycemic actions. Based on its successful track record as a safe, effective, and inexpensive oral medication, metformin has become the most widely prescribed oral agent in the world in treating T2D (Rojas and Gomes, 2013 ; He and Wondisford, 2015 ; Witters, 2001 ), whereas phenformin has been largely bypassed due to its unacceptably high association with lactic acidosis (Misbin, 2004 ). Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin lowers blood glucose without provoking hypoglycemia and improves insulin sensitivity (Bailey, 1992 ). Despite these well known beneficial metabolic actions, metformin’s mechanism of action and even its main target organ remain controversial. In fact, metformin has multiple mechanisms of action at the organ as well as the cellular level, which has hindered our understanding of its most important molecular effects on glucose metabolism (Witters, 2001 ). Adding to this, a specific receptor for metformin has never been identified. Metformin has actions on several tissues, although the primary foci of most studies have been the liver, skeletal muscle, and the intestine (Foretz et al., 2014 ; Rena et al., 2017 ). Metformin and phenformin clearly suppress hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenesis, and they improve insulin sensitivity in the liver and elsewhere (Bailey, 1992 ). The hepatic actions of metformin have been the most exhaustively studied to date, and there is little doubt that these actions are of some importance. However, several of the studies remain highly controversial, and there are still open questions.

One of the first reported specific molecular targets of metformin was mitochondrial complex I of the electron transport chain. Inhibition of this complex results in reduced oxidative phosphorylation and consequently decreased hepatic ATP production (El-Mir et al., 2008 ; Evans et al., 2005 ; Owen et al., 2000 ). As is the case in many other studies of metformin, however, high concentrations of the drug were found to be necessary to depress metabolism at this site (El-Mir et al., 2000 ; He and Wondisford, 2015 ; Owen et al., 2000 ). Also controversial is whether metformin works by activating 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a molecular energy sensor that is known to be a major metabolic sensor in cells, or if not AMPK directly, then one of its upstream regulators such as liver kinase B2 (Zhou et al., 2001 ). Although metformin was shown to activate AMPK in several excellent studies, other studies directly contradicted the AMPK hypothesis. Most dramatic were studies showing that metformin’s actions to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis persisted despite genetic deletion of the AMPK’s catalytic domain (Foretz et al., 2010 ). More recent studies identified additional or alternative targets, such as cAMP signaling in the liver (Miller et al., 2013 ) or glycogen synthase kinase-3 (Link, 2003 ). Other work showed that the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 are involved in regulating lipid homeostasis and improving insulin sensitivity after exposure to metformin (Fullerton et al., 2013 ).

Although there are strong data to support each of these pathways, it is not entirely clear which signaling pathway(s) is most essential to the actions of metformin in hepatocytes. Metformin clearly inhibits complex I and concomitantly decreases ATP and increases AMP. The latter results in AMPK activation, reduced fatty acid synthesis, and improved insulin receptor activation, and increased AMP has been shown to inhibit adenylate cyclase to reduce cAMP and thus protein kinase A activation. Downstream, this reduces the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase via decreased cAMP response element-binding protein, the cAMP-sensitive transcription factor. Decreased PKA also promotes ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, liver type activity via fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and reduces gluconeogenesis, as fructose-bisphosphatase 1 is inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, along with other mechanisms (Rena et al., 2017 ; Pernicova and Korbonits, 2014 ).

More recent work has shown that metformin at pharmacological rather than suprapharmacological doses increases mitochondrial respiration and complex 1 activity and also increases mitochondrial fission, now thought to be critical for maintaining proper mitochondrial density in hepatocytes and other cells. This improvement in respiratory activity occurs via AMPK activation (Wang et al., 2019 ).

Although the liver has historically been the major suspected site of metformin action, recent studies have suggested that the gut instead of the liver is a major target, a concept supported by the increased efficacy of extended-release formulations of metformin that reside for a longer duration in the gut after their administration (Buse et al., 2016 ). An older, but in our view an important observation, is that the intravenous administration of metformin has little or no effect on blood glucose, whereas, in contrast, orally administered metformin is much more effective (Bonora et al., 1984 ). Recent imaging studies using labeled glucose have shown directly that metformin stimulates glucose uptake by the gut in patients with T2D to reduce plasma glucose concentrations (Koffert et al., 2017 ; Massollo et al., 2013 ). Additionally, it is possible that metformin may exert its effect in the gut by inducing intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release (Mulherin et al., 2011 ; Preiss et al., 2017) to potentiate beta cell insulin secretion and by stimulating the central nervous system (CNS) to exert control over both blood glucose and liver function. Indeed, CNS effects produced by metformin have been proposed to occur via the local release of GLP-1 to activate intestinal nerve endings of ascending nerve pathways that are involved in CNS glucose regulation (Duca et al., 2015 ). Lastly, several papers have now implicated that metformin may act by altering the gut microbiome, suggesting that changes in gut flora may be critical for metformin’s actions (McCreight et al., 2016 ; Wu et al., 2017 ; Devaraj et al., 2016 ). A new study proposed that activation of the intestinal farnesoid X receptor may be the means by which microbiota alter hyperglycemia (Sun et al., 2018 ). However, these studies will require more mechanistic detail and confirmation before they can be fully accepted by the field. In addition to the action of metformin on gut flora, the production of imidazole propionate by gut microbes in turn has been shown to interfere with metformin action through a p38-dependent mechanism and AMPK inhibition. Levels of imidazole propionate are especially higher in patients with T2D who are treated with metformin (Koh et al., 2020 ).

In summary, the combined contribution of these various effects of metformin on multiple cellular targets residing in many tissues may be key to the benefits of metformin treatment on lowering blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (Foretz et al., 2019 ). In contrast, exciting new work showing metformin leads to weight loss by increasing circulating levels of the peptide hormone growth differentiation factor 15 and activation of brainstem glial cell-derived neurotropic factor family receptor alpha like receptors to reduce food intake and energy expenditure works independently of metformin’s glucose-lowering effect (Coll et al., 2020 ).

B. Sulfonylureas and Beta Cell Burnout

The class of compounds known as sulfonylureas includes one of the oldest oral antidiabetic drugs in the pharmacopoeia: tolbutamide. Tolbutamide is a “first generation” oral sulfonylurea secretagogue whose clinical usefulness is due to its prompt stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. “Second generation” sulfonylureas include drugs such as glyburide, gliclazide, and glipizide. Sulfonylureas act by binding to a high affinity sulfonylurea binding site, the sulfonylurea receptor 1 subunit of the K(ATP) channel, which closes the channel. These drugs mimic the physiologic effects of glucose, which closes the K(ATP) channel by raising cytosolic ATP/ADP. This in turn provokes beta cell depolarization, resulting in increased Ca 2+ influx into the beta cell (Ozanne et al., 1995 ; Ashcroft and Rorsman, 1989 ; Nichols, 2006 ). Importantly, sulfonylureas, and all drugs that directly increase insulin secretion, are associated with hypoglycemia, which can be severe, and which limits their widespread use in the clinic (Yu et al., 2018 ). Meglitinides are another class of oral insulin secretagogues that, like the sulfonylureas, bind to sulfonylurea receptor 1 and inhibit K(ATP) channel activity (although at a different site of action). The rapid kinetics of the meglitinides enable them to effectively blunt the postprandial glycemic excursions that are a hallmark (along with elevated fasting glucose) of T2D (Rosenstock et al., 2004). However, the need for their frequent dosing (e.g., administration before each meal) has limited their appeal to patients.

The efficacy of sulfonylureas is known to decrease over time, leading to failure of the class for effective long-term treatment of T2D (Harrower, 1991 ). More broadly, it is now widely accepted that the number of functional beta cells in humans declines during the progression of T2D. Thus, one would expect that due to this decline, all manner of oral agents intended to target the beta cell and increase its cell function (and especially insulin secretion) will fail over time (RISE Consortium, 2019 ), a process referred to as “beta cell failure” (Prentki and Nolan, 2006 ). Currently, treatments that can expand beta cell mass or improve beta cell function or survival over time are not yet available for use in the clinic. As a result, treatments that may be able to help patients cope with beta cell burnout such as islet cell transplantation, insulin pumps, or stem cell therapy are alternatives that will be discussed below.

C. Ca 2+ Channel Blockers and Type 1 Diabetes

Strategies to treat and prevent T1D have historically focused on ameliorating the toxic consequences of immune dysregulation resulting in autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. More recently, a concerted focus on alleviating the intrinsic beta cell defects (Sims et al., 2020 ; Soleimanpour and Stoffers, 2013 ) that also contribute to T1D pathogenesis have been gaining traction at both the bench and the bedside. Several recent preclinical studies suggest that Ca 2+ -induced metabolic overload induces beta cell failure (Osipovich et al., 2020 ; Stancill et al., 2017 ; Xu et al., 2012 ), with the potential that excitotoxicity contributes to beta cell demise in both T1D and T2D, similar to the well known connection between excitotoxicity and, concomitantly, increased Ca 2+ loading of the cells and neuronal dysfunction. Indeed, the use of the phenylalkylamine Ca 2+ channel blocker verapamil has been successful in ameliorating beta cell dysfunction in preclinical models of both T1D and T2D (Stancill et al., 2017 ; Xu et al., 2012 ). Verapamil is a well known blocker of L-type Ca 2+ channels, and, in normally activated beta cells, it limits Ca 2+ entry into the beta cell (Ohnishi and Endo, 1981 ; Vasseur et al., 1987 ). This would be expected to, in turn, alter the expression of many Ca 2+ influx–dependent beta cell genes (Stancill et al., 2017 ), and the evidence to date suggests it is likely that verapamil preserves beta cell function in diabetes models by repressing thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression and thus protecting the beta cell. This is somewhat surprising given the physiologic role of Ca 2+ is to acutely trigger insulin secretion; this process would be expected to be inhibited by L-type Ca 2+ channel blockers (Ashcroft and Rorsman, 1989 ; Satin et al., 1995 ).

Hyperglycemia is a well known inducer of TXNIP expression, and a lack of TXNIP has been shown to protect against beta cell apoptosis after inflammatory stress (Chen et al., 2008a ; Shalev et al., 2002 ; Chen et al., 2008b ). Excitingly, the use of verapamil in patients with recent-onset T1D improved beta cell function and improved glycemic control for up to 12 months after the initiation of therapy, suggesting there is indeed promise for targeting calcium and TXNIP activation in T1D. Use of verapamil for a repurposed indication in the preservation of beta cell function in T1D is attractive due its well known safety profile as well as its cardiac benefits (Chen et al., 2009 ). Although the long-term efficacy of verapamil to maintain beta cell function in vivo is unclear, a recently described TXNIP inhibitor may also show promise in suppressing the hyperglucagonemia that also contributes to glucose intolerance in T2D (Thielen et al., 2020 ). As there is a clear need for increased Ca 2+ influx into the beta cell to trigger and maintain glucose-dependent insulin secretion (Ashcroft and Rorsman, 1990 ; Satin et al., 1995 ), it remains to be seen how well regulated insulin secretion is preserved in the presence of L-type Ca 2+ channel blockers like verapamil in the system. One might speculate that reducing but not fully eliminating beta cell Ca 2+ influx might reduce TXNIP levels while preserving enough influx to maintain glucose-stimulated insulin release. Alternatively, these two phenomena may operate on entirely different time scales. At present, these issues clearly will require further investigation.

D. GLP-1 and the Incretins

Studies dating back to the 1960s revealed that administering glucose in equal amounts via the peripheral circulation versus the gastrointestinal tract led to dramatically different amounts of glucose-induced insulin secretion (Elrick et al., 1964 ; McIntyre et al., 1964 ; Perley and Kipnis, 1967 ). Gastrointestinal glucose administration greatly increased insulin secretion versus intravenous glucose, and this came to be known as the “incretin effect” (Nauck et al., 1986a ; Nauck et al., 1986b ). Subsequent work showed that release of the gut hormone GLP-1 mediated this effect such that food ingestion induced intestinal cell hormone secretion. GLP-1 so released would then circulate to the pancreas via the blood to prime beta cells to secrete more insulin when glucose became elevated because these hormones stimulated beta cell cAMP formation (Drucker et al., 1987 ). The discovery that a natural peptide corresponding to GLP-1 could be found in the saliva of the Gila monster, a desert lizard, hastened progress in the field, and ample in vitro studies subsequently confirmed that GLP-1 potentiated insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. GLP-1 has little or no significant action on insulin secretion in the absence of elevated glucose (such as might typically correspond to the postprandial case or during fasting), thus minimizing the likelihood of hypoglycemia provoked by GLP-1 in treated patients (Kreymann et al., 1987 ). Although not completely understood, the glucose dependence of GLP-1 likely reflects the requirement for adenine nucleotides to close glucose-inhibited K(ATP) channels and thus subsequently activate Ca 2+ influx–dependent insulin exocytosis. Besides potentiating GSIS at the level of the beta cell, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists also decrease glucagon secretion from pancreatic islet alpha cells, reduce gastric emptying, and may also increase beta cell proliferation, among other cellular actions (reviewed in Drucker, 2018 ; Muller et al., 2019).

Intense interest in the incretins by basic scientists, clinicians, and the pharma community led to the rapid development of new drugs for treating primarily T2D. These drugs include a range of GLP-1R agonists and inhibitors of the incretin hormone degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), whose targeting increases the half-lives of GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and thereby increases protein hormone levels in plasma. GLP-1R agonists have been associated with not only a lowering of plasma glucose but also weight loss, decreased appetite, reduced risk of cardiovascular events, and other favorable outcomes (Gerstein et al., 2019; Hernandez et al., 2018; Husain et al., 2019; Marso et al., 2016a; Marso et al., 2016b ; Buse et al., 2004). Regarding their untoward actions, although hypoglycemia is not a major concern, there have been reports of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer from use of GLP-1R agonists. However, a recent meta-analysis covering four large-scale clinical trials and over 33,000 participants noted no significantly increased risk for pancreatitis/pancreatic cancer in patients using GLP-1R agonists (Bethel et al., 2018).

Ongoing and future developments in the use of proglucagon-derived peptides such as GLP-1 and glucagon include the use of combined GLP-1/GIP, glucagon/GLP-1, and agents targeting all three peptides in combination (reviewed in Alexiadou and Tan, 2020 ). Although short-term infusions of GLP-1 with GIP failed to yield metabolic benefits beyond those seen with GLP-1 alone (Bergmann et al., 2019 ), several GLP-1/GIP dual agonists are currently in development and have shown promising metabolic results in clinical trials (Frias et al., 2017 ; Frias et al., 2020 ; Frias et al., 2018 ). At the level of the pancreatic islet, beneficial effects of dual GLP-1/GIP agonists may be related to imbalanced and biased preferences of these agonists for the gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor over the GLP-1R (Willard et al., 2020 ) and possibly were not simply to dual hormone agonism in parallel. Dual glucagon/GLP-1 agonist therapy has also been shown to have promising metabolic effects in humans (Ambery et al., 2018 ; Tillner et al., 2019 ). Oxyntomodulin is a natural dual glucagon/GLP-1 receptor agonist and proglucagon cleavage product that is also secreted from intestinal enteroendocrine cells, which has beneficial effects on insulin secretion, appetite regulation, and body weight in both humans and rodents (Cohen et al., 2003 ; Dakin et al., 2001 ; Dakin et al., 2002 ; Shankar et al., 2018 ; Wynne et al., 2005 ). Interestingly, alpha cell crosstalk to beta cells through the combined effects of glucagon and GLP-1 is necessary to obtain optimal glycemic control, suggesting a potential pathway for therapeutic dual glucagon/GLP-1 agonism within the islets of patients with T2D (Capozzi et al., 2019a ; Capozzi et al., 2019b ). Although the early results appear promising, more studies will be necessary to better understand the mechanistic and clinical impacts of these multiagonist agents.

E. DPP4 Inhibitors

Inhibition of DPP4, the incretin hormone degrading enzyme, is one of the most common T2D treatments to increase GLP-1 and GIP plasma hormone levels. These DPP4 inhibitors or “gliptins” are generally used in conjunction with other T2D drugs such as metformin or sulfonylureas to obtain the positive benefits discussed above (Lambeir et al., 2008 ). DPP4 is a primarily membrane-bound peptidase belonging to the serine peptidase/prolyl oligopeptidase gene family, which cleaves a large number of substrates in addition to the incretin hormones (Makrilakis, 2019 ). DPP4 inhibitors provide glucose-lowering benefits while being generally well tolerated, and the variety of available drugs (including sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin) with slightly different dosing frequency, half-life, and mode of excretion/metabolism allows for use in multiple patient populations (Makrilakis, 2019 ). This includes the elderly and individuals with renal or hepatic insufficiency (Makrilakis, 2019 ).

Although hypoglycemia is not a concern for DPP4 inhibitor use, other considerations should be made. DPP4 inhibitors tend to be more expensive than metformin or other second-line oral drugs in addition to having more modest glycemic effects than GLP-1R agonists (Munir and Lamos, 2017 ). Finally, meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies concluded that heart failure in patients with T2D was not associated with use of DPP4 inhibitors; however, this study was limited by the short follow-up and lack of high-quality data (Li et al., 2016 ). Thus, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) did recommend assessing risk of heart failure hospitalization in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, prior heart failure, and chronic kidney disease when using saxagliptin and alogliptin (Munir and Lamos, 2017 ).

F. Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors

A recent development in the field of T2D drugs are sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which have an interesting and very different mechanism of action. Within the proximal tubule of the nephron, SGLT2 transports ingested glucose into the lumen of the proximal tubule between the epithelial layers, thereby reclaiming glucose by this reabsorption process (reviewed in Vallon, 2015 ). SGLT2 inhibitors target this transporter and increase glucose in the tubular fluid and ultimately increase it in the urine. In patients with diabetes, SGLT2 inhibition results in a lowering of plasma glucose with urine glucose content rising substantially (Adachi et al., 2000 ; Vallon, 2015 ). These drugs, although they are relatively new, have become an area of great interest for not only patients with T2D (Grempler et al., 2012 ; Imamura et al., 2012 ; Meng et al., 2008 ; Nomura et al., 2010 ) but also for patients with T1D (Luippold et al., 2012 ; Mudaliar et al., 2012 ). Part of their appeal also rests on reports that their use can lead to a statistically significant decline in cardiac events that are known to occur secondarily to diabetes, possibly independently of plasma glucose regulation (reviewed in Kurosaki and Ogasawara, 2013 ). Although the long-term consequences of their clinical use cannot yet be determined, raising the glucose content of the urogenital tract leads to an increased risk of urinary tract infections and other related infections in some patients (Kurosaki and Ogasawara, 2013 ).

Another recent concern about the use of SGLT2 inhibitors has been the development of normoglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Despite the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors, observations of hyperglucagonemia in patients with euglycemic DKA has led to a number of recent studies focused on SGLT2 actions on pancreatic islets. Initial studies of isolated human islets treated with small interfering RNA directed against SGLT2 and/or SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated increased glucagon release. These studies were complemented by the finding of elevations in glucagon release in mice that were administered SGLT2 inhibitors in vivo (Bonner et al., 2015 ). Insights into the possible mechanistic links between SGLT2 inhibition, DKA frequency, and glucagon secretion in humans may relate to the observation of heterogeneity in SGLT2 expression, as SGLT2 expression appears to have a high frequency of interdonor and intradonor variability (Saponaro et al., 2020 ). More recently, both insulin and GLP-1 have been demonstrated to modulate SGLT2-dependent glucagon release through effects on somatostatin release from delta cells (Vergari et al., 2019 ; Saponaro et al., 2019 ), suggesting potentially complex paracrine effects that may affect the efficacy of these compounds.

On the other hand, several recent studies question that the development of euglycemic DKA after SGLT2 inhibitor therapy may be through alpha cell–dependent mechanisms. Three recent studies found no effect of SGLT2 inhibitors to promote glucagon secretion in mouse and/or rat models and could not detect SGLT2 expression in human alpha cells (Chae et al., 2020 ; Kuhre et al., 2019 ; Suga et al., 2019 ). A fourth study demonstrated only a brief transient effect of SGLT2 inhibition to raise circulating glucagon concentrations in immunodeficient mice transplanted with human islets, which returned to baseline levels after longer exposures to SGLT2 inhibitors (Dai et al., 2020 ). Furthermore, SGLT2 protein levels were again undetectable in human islets (Dai et al., 2020 ). These results could suggest alternative islet-independent mechanisms by which patients develop DKA, including alterations in ketone generation and/or clearance, which underscore the additional need for further studies both in molecular models and at the bedside. Nevertheless, SGLT2 inhibitors continue to hold promise as a valuable therapy for T2D, especially in the large segment of patients who also have superimposed cardiovascular risk (McMurray et al., 2019; Wiviott et al., 2019; Zinman et al., 2015).

G. Thiazolidinediones

Once among the most commonly used oral agents in the armamentarium to treat T2D, thiazolidinediones (TZDs) were clinically popular in their utilization to act specifically as insulin sensitizers. TZDs improve peripheral insulin sensitivity through their action as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonists, but their clinical use fell sharply after studies suggested a connection between cardiovascular toxicity with rosiglitazone and bladder cancer risk with pioglitazone (Lebovitz, 2019 ). Importantly, an FDA panel eventually removed restrictions related to cardiovascular risk with rosiglitazone in 2013 (Hiatt et al., 2013 ). Similarly, concerns regarding use of bladder cancer risk with pioglitazone were later abated after a series of large clinical studies found that pioglitazone did not increase bladder cancer (Lewis et al., 2015 ; Schwartz et al., 2015 ). However, usage of TZDs had already substantially decreased and has not since recovered.

Although concerns regarding edema, congestive heart failure, and fractures persist with TZD use, there have been several studies suggesting that TZDs protect beta cell function. In the ADOPT study, use of rosiglitazone monotherapy in patients newly diagnosed with T2D led to improved glycemic control compared with metformin or sulfonylureas (Kahn et al., 2006). Later analyses revealed that TZD-treated subjects had a slower deterioration of beta cell function than metformin- or sulfonylurea-treated subjects (Kahn et al., 2011). Furthermore, pioglitazone use improved beta cell function in the prevention of T2D in the ACT NOW study (Defronzo et al., 2013; Kahn et al., 2011). Mechanistically, it is unclear if TZDs lead to beneficial beta cell function through direct effects or through indirect effects of reduced beta cell demand due to enhanced peripheral insulin sensitivity. Indeed, a beta cell–specific knockout of PPAR γ did not impair glucose homeostasis, nor did it impair the antidiabetic effects of TZD use in mice (Rosen et al., 2003 ). However, other reports demonstrated PPAR-responsive elements within the promoters of both glucose transporter 2 and glucokinase that enhance beta cell glucose sensing and function, which could explain beta cell–specific benefits for TZDs (Kim et al., 2002 ; Kim et al., 2000 ). Furthermore, TZDs have been shown to improve beta cell function by upregulating cholesterol transport (Brunham et al., 2007 ; Sturek et al., 2010 ). Additionally, use of TZDs in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D augmented the beta cell unfolded protein response and prevented beta cell death, suggesting potential benefits for TZDs in both T1D and T2D (Evans-Molina et al., 2009 ; Maganti et al., 2016 ). With a now refined knowledge of demographics in which to avoid TZD treatment due to adverse effects, together with genetic approaches to identify candidates more likely to respond effectively to TZD therapy (Hu et al., 2019 ; Soccio et al., 2015 ), it remains to be seen if TZD therapy will return to more prominent use in the treatment of diabetes.

H. Insulin and Beyond: The Use of “Smart” Insulin and Closed Loop Systems in Diabetes Treatment

Due to recombinant DNA technology, numerous insulin analogs are now available in various forms ranging from fast acting crystalline insulin to insulin glargine; all of these analogs exhibit equally effective insulin receptor binding. Most are generated by altering amino acids in the B26–B30 region of the molecule (Kurtzhals et al., 2000 ). The American Diabetes Association delineates these insulins by their 1) onset or time before insulin reaches the blood stream, 2) peak time or duration of maximum blood glucose–lowering efficacy, and 3) the duration of blood glucose–lowering time. Insulin administration is independent of the residuum of surviving and/or functioning beta cells in the patient and remains the principal pharmacological treatment of both T1D and T2D. The availability of multiple types of delivery methods, i.e., insulin pens, syringes, pumps, and inhalants, provides clinicians with a solid and varied tool kit with which to treat diabetes. The downsides, however, are that 1) hypoglycemia is a constant threat, 2) proper insulin doses are not trivial to calculate, 3) compliance can vary especially in children and young adults, and 4) there can be side effects of a variety of types. Nonetheless, insulin therapy remains a mainstay treatment of diabetes.

To eliminate the downsides of insulin therapy, research in the past several decades has worked toward generating glucose-sensitive or “smart” insulin molecules. These molecules change insulin bioavailability and become active only upon high blood glucose using glucose-binding proteins such as concanavalin A, glucose oxidase to alter pH sensitivity, and phenylboronic acid (PBA), which forms reversible ester linkages with diol-containing molecules including glucose itself (reviewed in Rege et al., 2017 ). Indeed, promising recent studies included various PBA moieties covalently bonded to an acylated insulin analog (insulin detemir, which contains myristic acid coupled to Lys B29 ). The detemir allows for binding to serum albumin to prolong insulin’s half-life in the circulation, and PBA provided reversible glucose binding (Chou et al., 2015 ). The most promising of the PBA-modified conjugates showed higher potency and responsiveness in lowering blood glucose levels compared with native insulin in diabetic mouse models and decreased hypoglycemia in healthy mice, although the molecular mechanisms have not yet been determined (Chou et al., 2015 ).

An additional active area of research includes structurally defining the interaction between insulin and the insulin receptor ectodomain. Importantly, a major conformational change was discovered that may be exploited to impair insulin receptor binding under hypoglycemic conditions (Menting et al., 2013 ; Rege et al., 2017 ). Challenges in the design, testing, and execution of glucose-responsive insulins may be overcome by the adaptation of novel modeling approaches (Yang et al., 2020 ), which may allow for more rapid screening of candidate compounds.

Technologies have also progressed in the field of artificial pancreas design and development. Currently two “closed loop” systems are now available: Minimed 670G from Medtronic and Control-IQ from Tandem Diabetes Care. Both systems use a continuous glucose monitor, insulin pump, and computer algorithm to predict correct insulin doses and administer them in real time. Such algorithm systems also take into account insulin potency, the rate of blood glucose increase, and the patient’s heart rate and temperature to adjust insulin delivery levels during exercise and after a meal. In addition, so-called “artificial pancreas” systems have also been clinically tested, which use both insulin and glucagon and as such result in fewer reports of hypoglycemic episodes (El-Khatib et al., 2017 ). These types of systems will continue to become more popular as the development of room temperature–stable glucagon analogs continue, such as GVOKE by Xeris Pharmaceuticals (currently available in an injectable syringe) and Baqsimi, a nasally administered glucagon from Eli Lilly.

I. Present and Future Therapies: Beta Cell Transplantation, Replication, and Immune Protection

1. islet transplantation.

The idea to use pancreatic allo/xenografts to treat diabetes remarkably dates back to the late 1800s (Minkowski, 1892 ; Pybus, 1924 ; Williams, 1894 ). Before proceeding to the discovery of insulin (together with Best, MacLeod, and Collip), Frederick Banting also postulated the potential for transplantation of pancreatic tissue emulsions to treat diabetes in dog models in a notebook entry in 1921 (Bliss, 1982 ). Decades later, Paul Lacy, David Scharp, and colleagues successfully isolated intact functional pancreatic islets and transplanted them into rodent models (Kemp et al., 1973 ). These studies led to the initial proof of concept studies for humans, with the first successful islet transplant in a patient with T1D occurring in 1977 (Sutherland et al., 1978 ). A rapid expansion of islet transplantation, inspired by these original studies led to key observations of successfully prolonged islet engraftment by the “Edmonton protocol” whereby corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppression was applied, and islets from at least two allogeneic donors were used to achieve insulin independence (Shapiro et al., 2000 ). More recent work has focused on improving upon the efficiency and long-term engraftment of allogeneic transplants leading to more prolonged graft function (to the 5-year mark) and successful transplantation from a single islet donor (Hering et al., 2016; Hering et al., 2005 ; Rickels et al., 2013 ). Critical to these efforts to improve the success rate was the recognition that the earlier generation of immunosuppressive agents to counter tissue rejection was toxic to islets (Delaunay et al., 1997 ; Paty et al., 2002 ; Soleimanpour et al., 2010 ) and that more appropriate and less toxic agents were needed (Hirshberg et al., 2003 ; Soleimanpour et al., 2012 ).

Certainly, islet transplantation as a therapeutic approach for patients with T1D has been scrutinized due to several challenges, including (but not limited to) the lack of available donor supply to contend with demand, limited long-term functional efficacy of islet allografts, the potential for re-emergence of autoimmune islet destruction and/or metabolic overload-induced islet failure, and significant adverse effects of prolonged immunosuppression (Harlan, 2016 ). Furthermore, although islet transplantation is not currently available for individuals with T2D, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in T2D had similar favorable outcomes to simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in T1D; therefore, islet-kidney transplantation may eventually be a feasible option to treat T2D, as patients will already be on immunosuppressors (Sampaio et al., 2011 ; Westerman et al., 1983 ). An additional significant obstacle is the tremendous expense associated with islet transplantation therapy. Indeed, the maintenance, operation, and utilization of an FDA-approved and Good Manufacturing Practice–compliant islet laboratory can lead to operating costs at nearly $150,000 per islet transplant, which is not cost effective for the vast majority of patients with T1D (Naftanel and Harlan, 2004 ; Wallner et al., 2016 ). At present, the focus has been to obtain FDA approval for islet allo-transplantation as a therapy for T1D to allow for insurance compensation (Hering et al., 2016; Rickels and Robertson, 2019 ). In the interim, the islet biology, stem cell, immunology, and bioengineering communities have continued the development of cell-based therapies for T1D by other approaches to overcome the challenges identified during the islet transplantation boom of the 1990s and 2000s.

2. Pharmacologic Induction of Beta Cell Replication

Besides transplantation, progress in islet cell biology and especially in developmental biology of beta cells over several decades raised the additional possibility that beta cell mass reduction in diabetes might be countered by increasing beta cell number through mitogenic means. A key method to expand pancreatic beta cell mass is through the enhancement of beta cell replication. Although the study of pancreatic beta cell replication has been an area of intense focus in the beta cell biology field for several decades, only recently has this seemed truly feasible. Seminal studies identified that human beta cells are essentially postmitotic, with a rapid phase of growth occurring in the prenatal period that dramatically tapers off shortly thereafter (Gregg et al., 2012 ; Meier et al., 2008 ). The plasticity of rodent beta cells is considerably higher than that of human beta cells (Dai et al., 2016 ), which has led to a renewed focus on validation of pharmacologic agents to enhance rodent beta cell replication using isolated and/or engrafted human islets (Bernal-Mizrachi et al., 2014 ; Kulkarni et al., 2012 ; Stewart et al., 2015 ). Indeed, a large percentage of agents that were successful when applied to rodent systems were largely unsuccessful at inducing replication in human beta cells (Bernal-Mizrachi et al., 2014 ; Kulkarni et al., 2012 ; Stewart et al., 2015 ). However, several recent studies have begun to make significant progress on successfully pushing human beta cells to replicate.

Several groups have reported successful human beta cell proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo, in response to inhibitors of the dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). These inhibitors include harmine, INDY, GNF4877, 5-iodotubericidin, leucettine-42, TG003, AZ191, CC-401, and more specific, recently developed DYRK1A inhibitors (Ackeifi et al., 2020 ). Although DYRK1A is conclusively established as the important mediator of human beta cell proliferation, comprehensively determining other cellular targets and if additional gene inhibition amplifies the proliferative response is still in process. New evidence from Wang and Stewart shows dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B to be an additional mitogenic target and also describes variability in the range of activated kinases within cells and/or levels of inhibition for the many DYRK1A inhibitors listed above (Ackeifi et al., 2020 ). Interestingly, opposite to these human studies, earlier mouse studies from the Scharfmann group demonstrated that Dyrk1a haploinsufficiency leads to decreased proliferation and loss of beta cell mass (Rachdi et al., 2014b ). In addition, overexpression of Dyrk1a in mice led to beta cell mass expansion with increased glucose tolerance (Rachdi et al., 2014a ).

Although important differences in beta cell proliferative capacity have been shown between human and rodent species, there are also significant differences in the mitogenic capacity of beta cells from juvenile, adult, and pregnant individuals. This demonstrates that proliferative stimuli appear to act within the complex islet, pancreas, and whole-body environments unique to each time point. For example, the administration of the hormones platelet-derived growth factor alpha or GLP-1 result in enhanced proliferation in juvenile human beta cells yet are ineffective in adult human beta cells (Chen et al., 2011 ; Dai et al., 2017 ). This has been shown to be due to a loss of platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor expression as beta cells age but appears to be unrelated to GLP-1 receptor expression levels (Chen et al., 2011 ). Indeed, the GLP-1 receptor is highly expressed in adult beta cells, and GLP-1 secretion increases insulin secretion, as detailed previously; however, the induction of proliferative factors such as nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1; forkhead box protein 1; and cyclin A1 is only seen in juvenile islets (Dai et al., 2017 ). Human studies using cadaveric pancreata from pregnant donors also showed increased beta cell mass, yet lactogenic hormones from the pituitary or placenta (prolactin, placental lactogen, or growth hormone) are unable to stimulate proliferation in human beta cells despite their ability to produce robust proliferation in mouse beta cells (reviewed in Baeyens et al., 2016 ). Experiments overexpressing mouse versus human signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, the final signaling factor inducing beta cell adaptation, in human beta cells allows for prolactin-mediated proliferation revealing fundamental differences in prolactin pathway competency in human (Chen et al., 2015 ). Overcoming the barrier of recapitulating human pregnancy’s effect on beta cells through isolating placental cells or blood serum during pregnancy may result in the discovery of a factor(s) that facilitates the increase in beta cell mass observed during human pregnancy.

Mechanisms that stimulate beta cell proliferation have also been discovered from studying genetic mutations that result in insulinomas, spontaneous insulin-producing beta cell adenomas. The most common hereditary mutation occurs in the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene. Indeed, administration of a MEN1 inhibitor in addition to a GLP-1 agonist (which cannot induce proliferation alone) is able to increase beta cell proliferation in isolated human islets through synergistic activation of KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase downstream signals (Chamberlain et al., 2014 ). Interestingly, MEN1 mutations are uncommon in sporadic insulinomas, yet assaying genomic and epigenetic changes in a large cohort of non-MEN1 insulinomas found alterations in trithorax and polycomb chromatin modifying genes that were functionally related to MEN1 (Wang et al., 2017 ). Stewart and colleagues hypothesized that changes in histone 3 lysine 27 and histone 3 lysine 4 methylation status led to increased enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and lysine demethylase 6A, decreased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C, and thereby increased beta cell proliferation, among other phenotypes. They also proposed that these findings help to explain why increased proliferation always occurs despite broad heterogeneity of mutations found between individual insulinomas (Wang et al., 2017 ).

Although factors that induce proliferation are continuing to be discovered, there are drawbacks that still limit their clinical application. Harmine and other DYRK1A inhibitors are not beta cell specific, nor have all their cellular targets been determined (Ackeifi et al., 2020 ). Targeting other pathways to induce human beta cell proliferation such as modulation of prostaglandin E2 receptors (i.e., inhibition of prostaglandin E receptor 3 alone or in combination with prostaglandin E receptor 4 activation) showed promising increases in proliferative rate yet suffers from the same lack of specificity (Carboneau et al., 2017 ). Induction of proliferation may also come at the expense of glucose sensing as in insulinomas, which have an increased expression of “disallowed genes” and alterations in glucose transporter and hexokinase expression (Wang et al., 2017 ). A further untoward consequence that must be avoided is the production of cancerous cells through unchecked proliferation. Finally, increasing beta cell mass through low rates of proliferation may increase the pool of functional insulin-secreting cells in T2D, but without additional measures, these beta cells will still ultimately be targeted for immune cell destruction in T1D.

3. Beta Cell Stress Relieving Therapies

Metabolic, inflammatory, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contribute to beta cell dysfunction and failure in both T1D and T2D. Although reduction of metabolic overload of beta cells by early exogenous insulin therapy or insulin sensitizers can temporarily reduce loss of beta cell mass/function early in diabetes, a focus on relieving ER and inflammatory stress is also of interest to preserve beta cell health.

ER stress is a well known contributor to beta cell demise both in T1D and T2D (Laybutt et al., 2007 ; Marchetti et al., 2007 ; Marhfour et al., 2012 ; Tersey et al., 2012 ) and a target of interest in the prevention of beta cell loss in both diseases. Preclinical studies suggest that the use of chemical chaperones, including 4-phenylbutyric acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), to alleviate ER stress improves beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in mouse models of T2D (Cnop et al., 2017 ; Ozcan et al., 2006 ). Furthermore, TUDCA has been shown to preserve beta cell mass and reduce ER stress in mouse models of T1D (Engin et al., 2013 ). Interestingly, TUDCA has shown promise at improving insulin action in obese nondiabetic human subjects, yet beta cell function and insulin secretion were not assessed (Kars et al., 2010 ). A clinical trial regarding the use of TUDCA for humans with new-onset T1D is also ongoing (NCT02218619). However, a note of caution regarding use of ER chaperones is that they may prevent low level ER stress necessary to potentiate beta cell replication during states of increased insulin demand (Sharma et al., 2015 ), suggesting that the broad use of ER chaperone therapies should be carefully considered.

The blockade of inflammatory stress has long been an area of interest for treatments of both T1D and T2D (Donath et al., 2019 ; Eguchi and Nagai, 2017 ). Indeed, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which block cyclooxygenase, have been observed to improve metabolic control in patients with diabetes since the turn of the 20th century (Williamson, 1901 ). Salicylates have been shown to improve insulin secretion and beta cell function in both obese human subjects and those with T2D (Fernandez-Real et al., 2008; Giugliano et al., 1985 ). However, another NSAID, salsalate, has not been shown to improve beta cell function while improving other metabolic outcomes (Kim et al., 2014 ; Penesova et al., 2015 ), possibly suggesting distinct mechanisms of action for anti-inflammatory compounds. The regular use of NSAIDs to enhance metabolic outcomes is also often limited to the tolerability of long-term use of these agents due to adverse effects. Recently, golilumab, a monoclonal antibody against the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha, was demonstrated to improve beta cell function in new-onset T1D, suggesting that targeting the underlying inflammatory milieu may have benefits to preserve beta cell mass and function in T1D (Quattrin et al., 2020). Taken together, both new and old approaches to target beta cell stressors still remain of long-term interest to improve beta cell viability and function in both T1D and T2D.

3. New Players to Induce Islet Immune Protection

Countless researchers have expended intense industry to determine T1D disease etiology and treatments focused on immunotherapy and tolerogenic methods. Multiple, highly comprehensive reviews are available describing these efforts (Goudy and Tisch, 2005 ; Rewers and Gottlieb, 2009 ; Stojanovic et al., 2017 ). Here we will focus on the protection of beta cells through programmed cell death protein-1 ligand (PD-L1) overexpression, major histocompatibility complex class I, A, B, C (HLA-A,B,C) mutated human embryonic stem cell–derived beta cells, and islet encapsulation methods.

Cancer immunotherapies that block immune checkpoints are beneficial for treating advanced stage cancers, yet induction of autoimmune diseases, including T1D, remains a potential side effect (Stamatouli et al., 2018 ; Perdigoto et al., 2019 ). A subset of these drugs target either the programmed cell death-1 protein on the surface of activated T lymphocytes or its receptor PD-L1 (Stamatouli et al., 2018 ; Perdigoto et al., 2019 ). PD-L1 expression was found in insulin-positive beta cells from T1D but not insulin-negative islets or nondiabetic islets, leading to the hypothesis that PD-L1 is upregulated in an attempt to drive immune cell attenuation (Osum et al., 2018 ; Colli et al., 2018 ). Adenoviral overexpression of PD-L1 specifically in beta cells rescued hyperglycemia in the NOD mouse model of T1D, but these animals eventually succumbed to diabetes by the study’s termination (El Khatib et al., 2015 ). A more promising report from Ben Nasr et al. ( 2017 ) demonstrated that pharmacologically or genetically induced overexpression of PD-L1 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells inhibited beta cell autoimmunity in the NOD mouse as well as in vitro using human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from patients with T1D.

As mentioned above, islet transplantation to treat T1D is limited by islet availability, cost, and the requirement for continuous immunosuppression. Islet cells generated by differentiating embryonic or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells could circumvent these limitations. Ideally, iPS-derived beta cells could be manipulated to eliminate the expression of polymorphic HLA-A,B,C molecules, which were found to be upregulated in T1D beta cells (Bottazzo et al., 1985 ; Richardson et al., 2016 ). These molecules allow peptide presentation to CD8+ T cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes and may lead to beta cell removal. Interestingly, remaining insulin-positive cells in T1D donor pancreas are not HLA-A,B,C positive (Nejentsev et al., 2007; Rodriguez-Calvo et al., 2015 ). However, current differentiation protocols are still limited in their ability to produce fully glucose-responsive beta cells without transplantation into animal models to induce mature characteristics. Additionally, use of iPS-derived beta cells will still lead to concerns regarding DNA mutagenesis resulting from the methods used to obtain pluripotency or teratoma formation from cells that have escaped differentiation.

Encapsulation devices would protect islets or stem cells from immune cell infiltration while allowing for the proper exchange of nutrients and hormones. Macroencapsulation uses removable devices that would help assuage fears surrounding mutation or tumor formation; indeed, the first human trial using encapsulated hESC-derived beta cells will be completed in January 2021 (NCT02239354). Macroencapsulation of islets prior to transplantation using various alginate-based hydrogels has historically been impeded by a strong in vivo foreign body immune response (Desai and Shea, 2017 ; Doloff et al., 2017 ; Pueyo et al., 1993 ). More recently, chemically modified forms of alginate that avoid macrophage recognition and fibrous deposition have been successfully used in rodents and for up to 6 months in nonhuman primates (Vegas et al., 2016 ). Indeed, Bochenek et al. ( 2018 ) successfully transplanted alginate protected islets for 4 months without immunosuppression in the bursa omentalis of nonhuman primates demonstrating the feasibility for this approach to be extended to humans. It remains to be seen if these devices will be successful for long-term use, perhaps decades, in patients with diabetes.

III. Summary

Although existing drug therapies using classic oral antidiabetic drugs like sulfonylureas and metformin or injected insulin remain mainstays of diabetes treatment, newer drugs based on incretin hormone actions or SGLT2 inhibitors have increased the pharmacological armamentarium available to diabetologists ( Fig. 1 ). However, the explosion of progress in beta cell biology has identified potential avenues that can increase beta cell mass in sophisticated ways by employing stem cell differentiation or enhancement of beta cell proliferation. Taken together, there should be optimism that the increased incidence of both T1D and T2D is being matched by the creativity and hard work of the diabetes research community.

Abbreviations

Authorship Contributions

Wrote and contributed to the writing of the manuscript: Satin, Soleimanpour, Walker

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) [Grant R01-DK46409] (to L.S.S.), [Grant R01-DK108921] (to S.A.S.), and [Grant P30-DK020572 pilot and feasibility grant] (to S.A.S.), the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF) [Grant CDA-2016-189] (to L.S.S. and S.A.S.), [Grant SRA-2018-539] (to S.A.S.), and [Grant COE-2019-861] (to S.A.S.), and the US Department of Veterans Affairs [Grant I01 BX004444] (to S.A.S.). The JDRF Career Development Award to S.A.S. is partly supported by the Danish Diabetes Academy and the Novo Nordisk Foundation.

https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.120.000160

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Latest List of Best Diabetes Dissertation Topics

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On May 17, 2024

The prevalence of diabetes among the world’s population has been increasing steadily over the last few decades, thanks to the growing consumption of fast food and an increasingly comfortable lifestyle. With the field of diabetes evolving rapidly, it is essential to base your dissertation on a trending diabetes dissertation topic that fills a gap in research. 

Finding a perfect research topic is one of the most challenging aspects of dissertation writing in any discipline . Several resources are available to students on the internet to help them conduct research and brainstorm to develop their topic selection, but this can take a significant amount of time. So, we decided to provide a list of well-researched, unique and intriguing diabetes research topics and ideas to help you get started. 

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List of Diabetes Dissertation Topics

• Why do people recently diagnosed with diabetes have such difficulty accepting reality and controlling their health?
• What are the reactions of children who have recently been diagnosed with diabetes? What can be done to improve their grasp of how to treat the disease?
• In long-term research, people getting intensive therapy for the condition had a worse quality of life. What role should health professionals have in mitigating this effect?
• Why do so many individuals experience severe depression the months after their diagnosis despite displaying no other signs of deteriorating health?
• Discuss some of the advantages of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for people with diabetes
• Discuss the notion of diabetes in paediatrics and why it is necessary to do this research regularly.
• Explain the current threat and difficulty of childhood obesity and diabetes, stressing some areas where parents are failing in their position as guardians to avoid the situation
• Explain some of the difficulties that persons with diabetes have, particularly when obtaining the necessary information and medical treatment
• Explain some of the most frequent problems that people with diabetes face, as well as how they affect the prevalence of the disease. Put out steps that can be implemented to help the problem.
• Discuss the diabetes problem among Asian American teens
• Even though it is a worldwide disease, particular ethnic groups are more likely to be diagnosed as a function of nutrition and culture. What can be done to improve their health literacy?
• Explain how self-management may be beneficial in coping with diabetes, particularly for people unable to get prompt treatment for their illness
• Discuss the possibility of better management for those with diabetes who are hospitalised
• What current therapies have had the most influence on reducing the number of short-term problems in patients’ bodies?
• How have various types of steroids altered the way the body responds in people with hypoglycemia more frequently than usual?
• What effects do type 1, and type 2 diabetes have on the kidneys? How do the most widely used monitoring approaches influence this?
• Is it true that people from specific ethnic groups are more likely to acquire heart disease or eye illness due to their diabetes diagnosis?
• How has the new a1c test helped to reduce the detrimental consequences of diabetes on the body by detecting the condition early?
• Explain the difficulty of uncontrolled diabetes and how it can eventually harm the kidneys and the heart
• Discuss how the diabetic genetic strain may be handed down from generation to generation
• What difficulties do diabetic people have while attempting to check their glucose levels and keep a balanced food plan?
• How have some individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes managed to live better lives than others with the disease?
• Is it true that eating too much sugar causes diabetes, cavities, acne, hyperactivity, and weight gain?
• What effect does insulin treatment have on type 2 diabetes?
• How does diabetes contribute to depression?
• What impact does snap participation have on diabetes rates?
• Why has the number of persons who perform blood glucose self-tests decreased? Could other variables, such as social or environmental, have contributed to this decrease?
• Why do patients in the United States struggle to obtain the treatment they require to monitor and maintain appropriate glucose levels? Is this due to increased healthcare costs?
• Nutrition is critical to a healthy lifestyle, yet many diabetic patients are unaware of what they should consume. Discuss
• Why have injuries and diabetes been designated as national health priorities?
• What factors contribute to the growing prevalence of type II diabetes in adolescents?
• Does socioeconomic status influence the prevalence of diabetes?
• Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes: a critical assessment of the shared pathological traits
• What are the effects and consequences of diabetes on peripheral blood vessels?
• What is the link between genetic predisposition, obesity, and type 2 diabetes development?
• Diabetes modifies the activation and repression of pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling pathways in the vascular system.
• Understanding autoimmune diabetes through the tri-molecular complex prism
• Does economic status influence the regional variation of diabetes caused by malnutrition?
• What evidence is there for using traditional Chinese medicine and natural products to treat depression in people who also have diabetes?
• Why was the qualitative method used to evaluate diabetes programs?
• Investigate the most common symptoms of undiagnosed diabetes
• How can artificial intelligence help diabetes patients?
• What effect does the palaeolithic diet have on type 2 diabetes?
• What are the most common causes of diabetes and what are the treatments?
• What causes diabetes mellitus, and how does it affect the United Kingdom?
• The impact of sociodemographic factors on the development of type II diabetes
• An examination of the link between gut microbiome and diabetes risk
• The effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in preventing type II diabetes
• The role of maternal diabetes in offspring’s risk of developing diabetes
• Artificial intelligence in diabetes diagnosis and management
• Continuous glucose monitoring
• Telehealth interventions for improving diabetes self-management
• The role of wearable technology in diabetes management
• Personalised medicine approaches for diabetes treatment
• The impact of diabetes on mental health and well-being
• The link between diabetes and cognitive decline
• The potential of stem cell therapy for diabetes treatment
• Advances in closed-loop insulin delivery systems
• The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in diabetes treatment
• Investigating the efficacy of new oral medications for type II diabetes
• The role of bariatric surgery in the management of type II diabetes
• Improving patient adherence to diabetes treatment regimens
• The role of social support in diabetes management
• Developing culturally sensitive diabetes education programs
• The role of dietary patterns in diabetes prevention and management
• Low-carbohydrate vs. Mediterranean diet for diabetes: A comparative study
• The use of artificial sweeteners in diabetes management: Benefits and risks
• The impact of the gut microbiome on dietary interventions for diabetes
• The role of exercise in improving glycemic control
• Developing effective exercise programs for individuals with diabetes
• The impact of physical activity on diabetic complications
• Promoting physical activity adherence in people with diabetes
• The use of exercise gamification to increase physical activity in diabetes
• The potential of CRISPR gene editing for diabetes treatment
• The role of the microbiome in the development and treatment of diabetes
• An analysis of the artificial Pancreas systems
• The use of big data analytics in diabetes research
• The impact of environmental factors on diabetes risk
• Cost-effectiveness of different diabetes treatment strategies
• Developing effective diabetes prevention programs for communities
• The role of government policies in addressing the diabetes epidemic
• Improving access to diabetes care in underserved populations
• The impact of social determinants of health on diabetes risk
• Management of diabetes in children and adolescents
• The unique challenges of diabetes management in older adults
• Diabetes in ethnic minorities: Disparities in prevalence and care
• The impact of diabetes on LGBTQ+ populations

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You can contact our 24/7 customer service for a bespoke list of customised diabetes dissertation topics , proposals, or essays written by our experienced writers . Each of our professionals is accredited and well-trained to provide excellent content on a wide range of topics. Getting a good grade on your dissertation course is our priority, and we make sure that happens. Find out more here . 

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How to find diabetes dissertation topics.

To find diabetes dissertation topics:

• Study recent research in diabetes.
• Focus on emerging trends.
• Explore prevention, treatment, tech, etc.
• Consider cultural or demographic aspects.
• Consult experts or professors.
• Select a niche that resonates with you.

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How People with Type 2 Diabetes Can Live Longer

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Cost of Diabetes Complications for Medicare Beneficiaries

Diabetes in Young People Is on the Rise

Additional 12 Million US Adults Eligible for Diabetes Screening

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Kidney Failure and Diabetes

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Vanderbilt Summer Science Academy

Vanderbilt summer diabetes research program.

This program provides undergraduate students who are interested in diabetes with the opportunity for a research experience in one of the many laboratories associated with the Vanderbilt Diabetes Center.

The term diabetes refers to a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels that result from defects in the body’s ability to respond to and/or produce insulin. Today 23.6 million children and adults in the United States—7.8% of the population—have diabetes. In addition, in the United States alone 1.6 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed in people aged 20 years and older each year. The Vanderbilt Diabetes Center (VDC) is one of the leading centers for diabetes patient care and research in the United States. An important component of the VDC is the NIH-funded Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center (DRTC)

The DRTC is an interdisciplinary program involving more than 90 faculty members distributed among 18 departments in two schools and four colleges at Vanderbilt and at neighboring Meharry Medical College. One of the key missions of the DRTC is to train new diabetes scientists.  As part of that mission the DRTC funds the Vanderbilt Summer Diabetes Research Program. The primary objective of the Vanderbilt Summer Diabetes Research Program is to provide a substantive research experience that will allow each student to actively participate in a laboratory project including reading the relevant diabetes literature, developing ideas, performing experiments and communicating findings to colleagues.

In addition to VSSA seminars, students will have the opportunity to participate in a seminar series with lectures given by leading diabetes scientists. This seminar series is part of the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Student Research Training Program (SRTP).

• Invitations to participate in the Vanderbilt Summer Diabetes Research Program are sent to the selected qualified applicants by February 15th. Students have until February 22nd to reply with their decision to participate. In the event that applicants decline to attend, invitations will be sent out to the next most highly qualified applicants.
• Upon accepting our offer to participate, the Program Director will contact the students to assist with the selection of a suitable mentor with whom they would like to work during the summer. The process of finding a suitable mentor will be completed by late March allowing students the chance to establish communication with the assigned mentor prior to their arrival.
• Once in the lab, summer students will engage in laboratory experiments using a variety of biomedical techniques and instruments. Students will hone their laboratory skills, collect data, make inferences based on their results, and become very familiar with the nature of scientific inquiry. Students will then present the results of their own independent research projects at the research symposium organized by the VSSA that is held at the end of the summer.
• The summer research interns will receive a stipend of $3750 for the nine-week period starting June 2, 2024.
• Housing will be provided at one of the Vanderbilt University campus dormitories. Information on Vanderbilt summer housing can be found here: https://www.vanderbilt.edu/meetatvanderbilt/academic-intern-housing/

Eligibility

• Rising juniors or seniors with a GPA of 3.0 or better on a 4.0 scale.
• Applicants must have taken a biology, chemistry, and/or biochemistry course.

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Role of the integrated stress response in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis

In individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), the insulin-producing beta cells are spontaneously destroyed by their own immune system.

A bio-integrated sensor for continuous noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose levels  will eliminate the need for diabetes patients to draw blood multiple times a day. 

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common form of diabetes in infants and adolescents, affecting over one million Americans.

Validating the Hypothesis to Cure T1D by Eliminating the Rejection of Cells From Another Person by Farming Beta Cells From a Patient’s Own Stem Cells

The control of blood glucose levels is important for short- and long-term human health.

Taming a Particularly Lethal Category of Cells May Reduce/Eliminate the Onset of T1D

Due to the generous support of DRC, I am happy to report the following advances in efforts in determining the molecular mechanisms driving Nfkbid-dependent diabetes protection in NOD mice overexpressing the Nfkbid-60A transgene (NOD-60A mice).

Can the Inhibition of One Specific Body Gene Prevent Type 1 Diabetes?

CD226 is an activating costimulatory receptor on T cells that has been implicated in promoting the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) via several mechanisms including destabilization of regulatory T cells (Treg).

Is Cholesterol Exacerbating T1D by Reducing the Functionality and Regeneration Ability of Residual Beta Cells?

In the first 6 months of funding, we have focused our efforts largely on the in vitro experiments.

A Call to Question… Is T1D Caused by Dysfunctionality of Two Pancreatic Cells (β and α)?

To examine how LDs specifically affect human islet α cells, I applied an immunomagnetic positive selection strategy to enrich α cells from dissociated non-diabetic adult human islets.

Novel therapy initiative with potential path to preventing T1D by targeting TWO components of T1D development (autoimmune response and beta-cell survival)

It is well known that the mTORC1/4E-BP2 axis has beneficial effects on beta cells and control T reg cell number and function.

Allison and Mac

Imagine facing each day with the weight of a life-threatening and unrelenting medical condition. Allison knows the reality of this all too well. Both she and her sister, Marianne have lived with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) since childhood and, just recently, her 4-year-old son, Mac, was also diagnosed with T1D – a day she describes as “the worst day of my life.” Allison felt a deep sense of sadness, knowing the daily burdens of T1D that Mac would now face.

“Type 1 Diabetes is completely exhausting,” Allison shares. “While treatments have come a long way, with incredible advancements like the CGM and integrated pump, we still carry the burden of this disease.”

Like Allison and her family, millions of others worldwide hope for the day when the burdens of T1D no longer exist. DRC shares that hope and remains committed to funding the most promising T1D researchers across the country who are tirelessly working toward a cure.

Lauren and Kyra

Meet Lauren and her older sister, Kyra. Lauren has been part of DRC for four years and has navigated Type 1 Diabetes since the age of six.

  Reflecting on her childhood, Lauren shares, “When I was five years old, I completely lost my appetite and refused to eat anything for over a week. I was drinking orange juice and water by the gallon, and I was constantly exhausted.

  My parents initially thought I had a bad case of the flu. Then I began to lose weight rapidly. My body became just skin and bones, and my parents realized it was more serious.”

  Recalling a pivotal moment, Lauren adds, “When I refused to even taste my own birthday cake at my sixth birthday party, my mom took me to the emergency room. After hearing my symptoms, the doctor immediately checked my blood sugar levels, which were over 900. I was hours from going into a coma. I am so fortunate to have been diagnosed before it was too late. It is incredibly important to be aware of the signs so that Type 1 Diabetes can be caught as early as possible.”

  Kyra, Lauren’s sister, was diagnosed at 13, four years after Lauren. She shares her experience, stating, “I specifically remember being extra thirsty and feeling as though no amount of water could quench my thirst. Subsequently, I was peeing way more than normal. I realized pretty quickly what was going on, so I stole my little sister’s glucose monitor and checked my blood sugar. Sure enough, I saw ‘320’ flash across the screen and knew this meant I had T1D too.”

  Kyra also emphasizes, “Being a medical student living with Type 1 Diabetes, DRC holds personal significance to me as it highlights the vital role of early-career scientists. By uniting these emerging researchers with donors, DRC encourages the next generation of scientific leaders to drive innovation and breakthroughs in diabetes research.”

Pioneering Breakthroughs in Diabetes Research

Diabetes Research Connection (DRC), are making a significant impact in the fight against diabetes. Each year, countless individuals and their families face the challenging diagnosis of diabetes. Our efforts are dedicated to supporting these communities through groundbreaking research and innovative solutions, aiming to transform the way diabetes is understood.

Be the first to know about T1D news, join the DRC family!

Subscribe to our newsletter to receive project updates, latest diabetes research news, and more.

WHY YOUR DONATION MATTERS

100% of your donation is directed to a research project.

Currently, 1.6 million Americans live with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), including 200,000 children. Approximately 64,000 new patients are diagnosed yearly. With your backing, we can drive innovation and advancements to find a cure.

HOW IT WORKS

Scientists from across the country submit their projects through our website..

The time from application to funding can be as short as six months, compared to over a year for other funding agencies. Additionally, 100% of our research funds go directly to the scientists to ensure transparency.

DRC has distributed approximately $3M to research

Donor-Driven, Peer-Reviewed, Innovative Diabetes Research

Advancing understanding through DRC

Diabetes Research Connection is at the forefront of funding groundbreaking diabetes research aimed at discovering innovative treatments, therapies, and eventually a cure.

A few words from our supporters

I support diabetes research connection’s innovative and transparent method.

“As a Type 1 Diabetic for nearly 30 years, I support Diabetes Research Connection’s innovative and transparent method of directly funding researchers whose novel approaches may lead to a reduction of complications and the holy grail: a cure”.

Your support goes to the brightest and best young scientists!

“At DRC we ensure that all research projects we advance for potential funding have received rigorous review by independent experts.  Your support goes to the brightest and best young scientists who are committed to finding a cure for diabetes”.

I Believe The Mission Of The Diabetes Research Connection Is Vital!

“Entering my fourth decade of Type 1 Diabetes research, it is quite remarkable to look back and see how research seeking to identify answers to the questions of how this disease develops and how the disorder could be cured have changed. No one could have envisioned the difficulty of obtaining research funding, especially for young people. For these reasons, I believe the mission of the Diabetes Research Connection is vital! It offers hope for the future of both those with T1D and young investigators committed to making a major change possible. I fully support DRC and am committed to seeing it prosper.”

We Need To Invest In Young Scientists

“There is a need for increased collaborative efforts to eradicate diabetes. We need to invest in young scientists with new and fresh ideas who are willing to dedicate their careers to studying diabetes. Federal funding for young investigators in basic research is getting harder to acquire, so private funding is critical to invest in novel ideas to help young scientists in their quest for the cure.”

Advancing Efforts of Early-Career Scientists

“The Diabetes Research Connection will advance the efforts of early-career scientists whose innovative proposals for diabetes investigations might be overlooked by government funding agencies in favor of more conventional research.”

We select the research we believe in!

“We support the Diabetes Research Connection because it affords us the rare opportunity to select the research that we believe in and to better understand it by interacting with the very scientists who will DO the research.”

A Personal Reason to Support Diabetes Research

“Several of my family members have or had diabetes. I have lived with T1D for over 50 years. I am committed to ensuring that the Diabetes Research Connection becomes one of the most significant forces funding innovative diabetes research that will rid the planet of this disease and its complications.”

Committed To The Cure

“The Diabetes Research Connection is a powerful breeding ground for new ideas in T1D research in the context of a supportive and enthusiastic community of donors.”

Funding Young Scientists To Pursue New, But Fully Vetted Ideas In Type 1 Diabetes Research

“I love the concept behind this website and organization: funding young scientists to pursue new, but fully vetted ideas in type 1 diabetes research. We need to continue to feed the developmental pipeline for research scientists and ideas in Type 1. I love the idea of choosing where (to whom) my money goes and hearing directly from them.”

The Diabetes Research Connection Will Expedite The Discovery Process

“This is a fantastic new method for funding scientific endeavors and represents a paradigm shift for supporting innovative basic diabetes research. The Diabetes Research Connection will expedite the discovery process and ensure funding for the next generation of promising young researchers, leading to discoveries and ways in which to prevent and cure Type 1 Diabetes.”

A Groundbreaking Effort

“I am passionate about User Experience and developing technologies that create meaningful communities that are focused on making a difference. So I am thrilled at this groundbreaking effort to revolutionize how we fund diabetes research. Most important to me is the effort to bridge the gap between scientists and supporters to cultivate a community of connection. The Diabetes Research Connection aspires to create a community of compassion and care that will lead us to the cure. It will revolutionize the link between the champions that are supporting our fight for the cure and the researchers that are waging our war for progress.”

DRC is a tremendous new way to fund brilliant young research investigators

The Diabetes Research Connection is a tremendous new way to fund brilliant young research investigators in the early stages of their careers — when they need our support the most. These fresh, innovative minds will spearhead scientific discoveries and will ensure that we have a robust diabetes drug/device pipeline for years to come. I applaud the founders of DRC for creating this important new resource that empowers donors to fund researchers directly, and for offering transparency to the entire funding process.

DRC Fills A Void In Our Type 1 Diabetes Funding Scheme

“DRC fills a void in our Type 1 Diabetes funding scheme – it allows for postdoctoral and early investigators to get their ideas out to the interested public and to provide much-needed funds for this next generation researcher to conduct their important studies.”

Diabetes Research Connection Is A Novel Way To Obtain Funding

In this time of funding difficulty, the Diabetes Research Connection is a novel way to obtain funding and a great way for scientists to communicate their exciting ideas with the public. Scientists need to branch out and explore new funding mechanisms.

One Of The Fastest Reviews!

“It was a pleasure working with the Diabetes Research Connection. This was one of the fastest reviews! I thank the Diabetes Research Connection for their support, reviews, and feedback. The comments on the pre-proposal were very helpful in refining and clarifying my thoughts and experimental plan, and the input provided by the Layperson Committee on my video helped me produce something with a much stronger chance of attracting potential donors. I am delighted to have received this opportunity.”

Incredibly Grateful For The Funding We Received

“Thanks to the Diabetes Research Connection, I was able to undertake my investigation, ‘Can we engineer a patient’s immune cells to stop the autoimmune attack that causes Type 1 Diabetes?’ The Brusko lab is incredibly grateful for the $50,000 we received to drive this exciting research project forward.”

Can the Inhibition of One Specific Body Gene Prevent Type 1 Diabetes? (Melanie Shapiro)

Taming a Particularly Lethal Category of Cells May Reduce/Eliminate the Onset of T1D (Dr. J. Dwyer)

A Potential Second Cure for T1D by Re-Educating the Patient’s Immune System (Dr. Leonardo Ferreira)

Stakeholder-Engaged Precision Health for Longevity and Healthy Aging with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Dr. Han Zhu’s Project

Dr. Sandra Mara Ferreira’s Project

Back to School with T1D

As August rolls around, the new school year is almost upon us. For students with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), this time can bring a mix of…

Back to School with T1D: A Parent’s Top Tips for Success

Protecting Your Vision: Essential Eye Care for T1D

Dr. Risa Wolf on Diabetic Eye Disease Research

Summer Travel with T1D in 3 Easy Steps

Thanks to our sponsors, donors, and volunteers, DRC’s Dance for Diabetes raised

For type 1 diabetes research.

diabetesresearchconnection

2,187 Posts 3,564 Followers

We had a blast with all of our supporters last night at the 2024 Dance for Diabetes! Thank you for dancing the night away with us while helping fight to end type 1 diabetes. See you next year!

We had a blast with all of our supporters last night at the 2024 Dance for Diabetes! Thank you for dancing the night away with us while helping fight to end type 1 diabetes. See you next year! …

Today is the day! Get your dancing shoes on for our 2024 Dance for Diabetes fundraiser. 🕺 WHEN: TONIGHT at 5:00PM. WHERE: Green Acre, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 Learn more and register: https://ow.ly/CluR50SSpr5

Today is the day! Get your dancing shoes on for our 2024 Dance for Diabetes fundraiser. 🕺 WHEN: TONIGHT at 5:00PM. WHERE: Green Acre, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, CA 92121 Learn more and register: https://ow.ly/CluR50SSpr5 …

Friendly reminder! Our Dance for Diabetes fundraiser is just one week away! Join us for a night of dancing, live music, great food, fun auction items, and supporting type 1 diabetes research. See you there! Register at the link in our bio. #DanceForDiabetes #SupportResearch #FindACure

Friendly reminder! Our Dance for Diabetes fundraiser is just one week away! Join us for a night of dancing, live music, great food, fun auction items, and supporting type 1 diabetes research. See you there! Register at the link in our bio. #DanceForDiabetes #SupportResearch #FindACure …

A huge thank you to all our incredible sponsors for making the 2024 Dance for Diabetes possible! Your generosity drives our mission to raise awareness and support for the Type 1 Diabetes community. We couldn`t do it without you. 💙

A huge thank you to all our incredible sponsors for making the 2024 Dance for Diabetes possible! Your generosity drives our mission to raise awareness and support for the Type 1 Diabetes community. We couldn`t do it without you. 💙 …

We are so excited to have Republic of Music at our 2024 Dance for Diabetes! Voted the BEST Dance Band in San Diego, it is sure to be a fun night. 🎶 Register for the event at the link in our bio.

We are so excited to have Republic of Music at our 2024 Dance for Diabetes! Voted the BEST Dance Band in San Diego, it is sure to be a fun night. 🎶 Register for the event at the link in our bio. …

Thank you to Tandem Diabetes Care for sponsoring our 2024 Dance for Diabetes! Your support empowers us to keep moving, raising awareness, and making a difference in the lives of those with Type 1 Diabetes. Together, we`re dancing towards a brighter future! @tandemdiabetes

Thank you to Tandem Diabetes Care for sponsoring our 2024 Dance for Diabetes! Your support empowers us to keep moving, raising awareness, and making a difference in the lives of those with Type 1 Diabetes. Together, we`re dancing towards a brighter future! @tandemdiabetes …

Are you ready to groove?💃 Join us in two weeks for our 2024 Dance for Diabetes on Saturday, September 7th! Register at the link in our bio.

Are you ready to groove?💃 Join us in two weeks for our 2024 Dance for Diabetes on Saturday, September 7th! Register at the link in our bio. …

Chrissy Teigen and John Legend have revealed that their six-year-old son, Miles, has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. After fans noticed his diabetes monitor in a recent photo, Teigen shared their family`s journey and expressed gratitude for the overwhelming support. “Here we go! A different, new world for us,” she wrote. Together, they’re facing this new challenge with strength and love. Let’s continue to support diabetes research and representation, raising awareness for all those affected. 💪❤️

Chrissy Teigen and John Legend have revealed that their six-year-old son, Miles, has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. After fans noticed his diabetes monitor in a recent photo, Teigen shared their family`s journey and expressed gratitude for the overwhelming support. “Here we go! A different, new world for us,” she wrote. Together, they’re facing this new challenge with strength and love. Let’s continue to support diabetes research and representation, raising awareness for all those affected. 💪❤️ …

Take a step inside our 2023 Dance for Diabetes! We had such a fun time at our tropical oasis last year. 🏖️🌺 Don`t miss out on our event this year on September 7th! Join us for our annual Dance for Diabetes fundraiser as we move and groove to support research for a cure for type 1 diabetes. Register at the link in our bio today and help us make a difference!

Take a step inside our 2023 Dance for Diabetes! We had such a fun time at our tropical oasis last year. 🏖️🌺 Don`t miss out on our event this year on September 7th! Join us for our annual Dance for Diabetes fundraiser as we move and groove to support research for a cure for type 1 diabetes. Register at the link in our bio today and help us make a difference! …

As summer comes to an end, the new school year is almost upon us. For students with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), this time can bring a mix of excitement and anxiety. While starting school with T1D involves managing health and academics, a significant part of the challenge comes from dealing with stigma and fostering self-advocacy. This blog focuses on understanding where potential stigma originates and how students with T1D can build the confidence to communicate their needs effectively. Fostering mutual learning and understanding can help students with T1D thrive academically and personally.

As summer comes to an end, the new school year is almost upon us. For students with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), this time can bring a mix of excitement and anxiety. While starting school with T1D involves managing health and academics, a significant part of the challenge comes from dealing with stigma and fostering self-advocacy. This blog focuses on understanding where potential stigma originates and how students with T1D can build the confidence to communicate their needs effectively. Fostering mutual learning and understanding can help students with T1D thrive academically and personally. …

As the back-to-school season nears, parents of children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) face unique challenges. Preparing your child to manage T1D at school requires careful planning and communication. In this post, T1D mom Jen Poston shares her advice. Her son Parker was diagnosed at 6 (now 18 and just graduated high school), and her daughter Madison was diagnosed at 4 (now 15 and starting her sophomore year). From creating diabetes management plans to fostering independence, Jen’s tips will help ensure a smooth, stress-free school year for your child, whether they are starting kindergarten or high school. Read more at the link in our bio.

As the back-to-school season nears, parents of children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) face unique challenges. Preparing your child to manage T1D at school requires careful planning and communication. In this post, T1D mom Jen Poston shares her advice. Her son Parker was diagnosed at 6 (now 18 and just graduated high school), and her daughter Madison was diagnosed at 4 (now 15 and starting her sophomore year). From creating diabetes management plans to fostering independence, Jen’s tips will help ensure a smooth, stress-free school year for your child, whether they are starting kindergarten or high school. Read more at the link in our bio. …

Meet our board member, Dr. Allison Orechwa! 🌟 Allison`s story was recently featured in Giving Back magazine. Diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) at four, Allison’s journey is deeply intertwined with the disease. Her sister and son were also diagnosed young, fueling her commitment to T1D research. 🧬 Allison’s professional experience, combined with her personal story, led her to the Diabetes Research Connection (DRC), where she supports innovative projects aimed at finding a cure. “The CGM has given me peace of mind, and the integrated pump gives me peaceful sleep,” Allison says, highlighting the advancements in T1D management. At DRC, Allison values the direct link between donors and scientists, promoting trust and passion in groundbreaking research. She urges the T1D community to stay informed and involved: “You are an important piece of the puzzle.” Thank you, Allison, for your devotion to DRC. Learn more about our board members here: https://ow.ly/pHHU50SSiEu

Meet our board member, Dr. Allison Orechwa! 🌟 Allison`s story was recently featured in Giving Back magazine. Diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) at four, Allison’s journey is deeply intertwined with the disease. Her sister and son were also diagnosed young, fueling her commitment to T1D research. 🧬 Allison’s professional experience, combined with her personal story, led her to the Diabetes Research Connection (DRC), where she supports innovative projects aimed at finding a cure. “The CGM has given me peace of mind, and the integrated pump gives me peaceful sleep,” Allison says, highlighting the advancements in T1D management. At DRC, Allison values the direct link between donors and scientists, promoting trust and passion in groundbreaking research. She urges the T1D community to stay informed and involved: “You are an important piece of the puzzle.” Thank you, Allison, for your devotion to DRC. Learn more about our board members here: https://ow.ly/pHHU50SSiEu …

We`re seeking sponsors for our Dance for Diabetes fundraiser to support research for a cure for type 1 diabetes, such as these who have joined us thus far. If you or your company is interested in sponsoring our event and making a difference in the fight against type 1 diabetes, please contact us at [email protected] or register for sponsorship online at the link in our bio. #DanceForDiabetes #SponsorshipOpportunity #SupportResearch

We`re seeking sponsors for our Dance for Diabetes fundraiser to support research for a cure for type 1 diabetes, such as these who have joined us thus far. If you or your company is interested in sponsoring our event and making a difference in the fight against type 1 diabetes, please contact us at [email protected] or register for sponsorship online at the link in our bio. #DanceForDiabetes #SponsorshipOpportunity #SupportResearch …

Dr. C.C. King, co-founder and board member of Diabetes Research Connection (DRC), recently shared 10 facts about himself and DRC with Giving Back Magazine. Speaking about DRC`s mission to fund early-career scientists, Dr. King says, “Albert Einstein was only 26 when he unveiled his theory of general relativity. Banting & Best were both under 33 when they discovered insulin. “Dance for Diabetes” will help raise funds needed for the next round of T1D investigators in their pioneering research to cure T1D.” We thank you, C.C., for your advocacy and dedication to ending T1D! Join us for our 2024 Dance for Diabetes to benefit DRC’s mission to advance cure research for T1D. Click the link in our bio to register.

Dr. C.C. King, co-founder and board member of Diabetes Research Connection (DRC), recently shared 10 facts about himself and DRC with Giving Back Magazine. Speaking about DRC`s mission to fund early-career scientists, Dr. King says, “Albert Einstein was only 26 when he unveiled his theory of general relativity. Banting & Best were both under 33 when they discovered insulin. “Dance for Diabetes” will help raise funds needed for the next round of T1D investigators in their pioneering research to cure T1D.” We thank you, C.C., for your advocacy and dedication to ending T1D! Join us for our 2024 Dance for Diabetes to benefit DRC’s mission to advance cure research for T1D. Click the link in our bio to register. …

Dance for Diabetes is just one month away! Join us as we come together to support research for a cure for type 1 diabetes. Your participation will make a real difference. See you there! Click the link in our bio to learn more and purchase tickets! #DanceForDiabetes #SupportResearch #FindACure

Dance for Diabetes is just one month away! Join us as we come together to support research for a cure for type 1 diabetes. Your participation will make a real difference. See you there! Click the link in our bio to learn more and purchase tickets! #DanceForDiabetes #SupportResearch #FindACure …

Let`s dance for a cause and work towards finding a cure for type 1 diabetes together. Don’t miss out on an amazing night of delicious food, cocktails, live music, and more! Register for the Dance for Diabetes today! Click the link in our bio. #DanceForDiabetes #SupportResearch #FindACure

Let`s dance for a cause and work towards finding a cure for type 1 diabetes together. Don’t miss out on an amazing night of delicious food, cocktails, live music, and more! Register for the Dance for Diabetes today! Click the link in our bio. #DanceForDiabetes #SupportResearch #FindACure …

Join us on Saturday, September 7th for DRC’s highly anticipated event. Together – let’s dance our way to a world without Type 1 Diabetes!💃💙💚 Learn more and purchase tickets at the link in our bio.

Join us on Saturday, September 7th for DRC’s highly anticipated event. Together – let’s dance our way to a world without Type 1 Diabetes!💃💙💚 Learn more and purchase tickets at the link in our bio. …

Green Acre is the place to be! Join us at Green Acre Campus Point, Saturday, September 7th 2024, for our Dance for Diabetes fundraiser to support research for a cure for type 1 diabetes! Your presence will mean a lot to us. See you there! Buy tickets at the link in our bio. #DanceforDiabetes #SupportReasearch #FindACURE

Green Acre is the place to be! Join us at Green Acre Campus Point, Saturday, September 7th 2024, for our Dance for Diabetes fundraiser to support research for a cure for type 1 diabetes! Your presence will mean a lot to us. See you there! Buy tickets at the link in our bio. #DanceforDiabetes #SupportReasearch #FindACURE …

We`re gearing up for our Dance for Diabetes fundraiser to support research for a cure for type 1 diabetes, and we need your help! We`re looking for amazing auction items to include in our event. We would be incredibly grateful if you or someone you know would like to donate a special item or experience (unused gift cards, bottles of wine, vacation homes, etc.) Your contributions will greatly impact our efforts to find a cure. We appreciate your support! Email us at [email protected] Learn more at the link in our bio. #DanceForDiabetes #Type1Diabetes #Fundraiser #Research #FindACure #Auction

We`re gearing up for our Dance for Diabetes fundraiser to support research for a cure for type 1 diabetes, and we need your help! We`re looking for amazing auction items to include in our event. We would be incredibly grateful if you or someone you know would like to donate a special item or experience (unused gift cards, bottles of wine, vacation homes, etc.) Your contributions will greatly impact our efforts to find a cure. We appreciate your support! Email us at [email protected] Learn more at the link in our bio. #DanceForDiabetes #Type1Diabetes #Fundraiser #Research #FindACure #Auction …

Celebrating National Disability Independence Day and the anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)! Today, we honor the resilience and strength of those living with disabilities, including Type 1 Diabetes. The ADA, signed on July 26th, 1990, broke down barriers and continues to pave the way for a more inclusive world. Let`s raise awareness, foster understanding, and continue advocating for equal rights and opportunities for all. 💪💙

Celebrating National Disability Independence Day and the anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)! Today, we honor the resilience and strength of those living with disabilities, including Type 1 Diabetes. The ADA, signed on July 26th, 1990, broke down barriers and continues to pave the way for a more inclusive world. Let`s raise awareness, foster understanding, and continue advocating for equal rights and opportunities for all. 💪💙 …

We grant up to $75,000 to support each research project

#InnovativeDiabetesResearch

Join us on Saturday, September 7th for DRC’s highly-anticipated event.

Find Out More

ANNUAL DONORS

• Barbara Bry and Neil Senturia
• Carey and Steve Moretti
• Chris Dudley and Chris Love Dudley
• Cynthia Dougherty
• Karen Arleo
• Kimberly and Kevin Krenek
• Lane Whitehead
• Lauraine Brekke-Esparza and Richard Esparza
• Leonard Gregory and Sara Gilman
• Linda Edidin
• Marie Tuthill
• Richard and Sam Baker
• Roland and Janet Gorrie
• Sean and Karen McLeod
• Shana Watley
• Stern Cassello and Associates LLP Charitable Giving Fund
• Susan and Barry Stone
• The Gebauer Family
• Wickliffe and John Blasi
• Alberto and Martha Hayek
• Amy and Dave Pruett
• Andrew Wilson
• Applied Materials Foundations and Employees
• Arlene Rauthause
• Barbara Entin
• Beth and Kenneth Shluger
• Bettina Experton and Chris Burrow
• Benevity Community Impact Fund
• Brian Wasielewski and Lori Ann Takafuji
• Carole and M.R. Lynn Jr.
• Charlie and Lynn Gaylord
• Chase Davenport
• Claudia Comins and Robert Friedman
• Colleen and Gary Peterson
• Colleen Howard
• David Primuth
• Dorothy Manchakowsky
• Dwain Chapman
• Dwight Worden and Betty Wheeler
• Ed Bartucci
• Eileen and Sean Zimmerman
• Emily and Andrew Penn
• Employee Giving: Abbvie, AT&T, Costco
• Farhad Patel
• Felipe and Natalie Salazar
• Gerri and Gregg Russo
• Gerri Retman and Ira Opper
• Gregory Jones
• Haley Caruso
• Heidi Beacham
• James and Robin Vanderlaan
• Janis and Kenneth Cram
• Jeff and Jan Rakoff
• Jeffrey and Hillary Liber
• Joanne and Tim McCaigue
• Joseph and Gloria Shurman
• Julia Levin
• Kathy Schoenbauer
• Kelly Cantlen
• Kevin and Cherry McCoy
• Kevin Callahan
• Kristin Shuff
• Christen Opsal
• Laurie Block
• Lauren Boucher
• Lori Bennett
• Mark Freedman
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• Pamela DeBusk
• Paul Smith and Susan Hayes
• Phyllis Mirsky
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• Richard and Arlene Esgate
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• Steven Anton
• Steven Huffman
• Susan Chortek-Weisman and Eric S. Weisman Fund
• Tema and David Halpern
• Tiana Lavin
• Tivon Lucker
• William Dwyer

MAJOR DONORS

• Alice and Doug Diamond
• Amazon Smile Foundation
• Arfa-Bernstein Family Fund
• Barbara Donnell
• Benchmark, Inc.
• Beth Kaufman
• CalPortland Company: The Simmons Family
• Charity Aid Foundation of America
• Charitable Adult Rides and Services
• Centura Wealth
• Dana Levin and Jonathan Bell
• Diane Goodman
• Dennis and Molly Frederickson
• Eve Benton and Malcolm Bund
• Felise Levine, Ph.D., and John Goodkind Ph.D.
• Gummy Beans
• Hermoza, LLC
• Jagwinder Brar
• Jane and Jeffrey Marks
• James Bandy
• James Costello
• Jeff and Karen Silberman
• Jon and Linda Kurtin
• Kevin and Sara Tarson
• Kate and Patrick Coen
• Linda and Michael Levin
• Mark and Melanie Greenberg
• Marie and Ronald Lucker
• McCathay Timber, Inc.
• Meisirow Financial
• Michelle Olejnik
• Mona and Jeffrey Platt
• Neil Zussman
• Nick and Kathy Ervin
• Paige McCready
• Robert Wisnik
• Samuel Lawrence Foundation
• Sharon and Richard Leib
• Terence Dutton
• Thomas Cohen and Lena Price
• Virginia Gordon
• Allison and Robert Price Family Foundation
• Bryan Holker
• DLA Piper, LLC
• Elliott and Lynn Tarson
• Elsa Maria Bours Gutierrez and Ruben Gutierrez
• Futures Unbound: Peter and Rachel Zahn
• Lisa and Steve Altman
• Sara and Keith Tarson
• Stewart Winkler
• Susan and Mitch Ellner
• Tandem Diabetes Care
• AMCR Institute
• Candace and Rob Cohen
• Carol Childs and Peter House
• Charna and Sanford Sugar
• Dianne and Daniel Gardner
• Express Feedback for Good
• Lina and Christian Waage
• Marlene and Art Greenberg
• Bobby and Darcy Buchanan
• County of San Diego: Neighborhood Reinvestment Program
• County of San Diego: San Diego Community Enhancement
• Charles and Barbara King
• Dawna and Jon Corn
• Lucy McDonald-Stewart
• Seth and Jennifer Grossman
• Scott and Lora Polakow
• Steven and Cindy Blumkin
• Small Business Stimulus Grant Program

NAMED RESEARCH PROJECTS

• Tarson Family Funded Project:
• Amy and Micah Adams
• Amanda and Andy Strauss
• Kevin Tarson
• Lynn and Elliott Tarson
• Lisa and David Tarson
• Matthew Polakow
• Pamela and Glenn Gray
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“When my son was diagnosed [with Type 1], I knew nothing about diabetes. I changed my research focus, thinking, as any parent would, ‘What am I going to do about this?’” says Douglas Melton.

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Breakthrough within reach for diabetes scientist and patients nearest to his heart

Harvard Correspondent

100 years after discovery of insulin, replacement therapy represents ‘a new kind of medicine,’ says Stem Cell Institute co-director Douglas Melton, whose children inspired his research

When Vertex Pharmaceuticals announced last month that its investigational stem-cell-derived replacement therapy was, in conjunction with immunosuppressive therapy, helping the first patient in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial robustly reproduce his or her own fully differentiated pancreatic islet cells, the cells that produce insulin, the news was hailed as a potential breakthrough for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. For Harvard Stem Cell Institute Co-Director and Xander University Professor Douglas Melton, whose lab pioneered the science behind the therapy, the trial marked the most recent turning point in a decades-long effort to understand and treat the disease. In a conversation with the Gazette, Melton discussed the science behind the advance, the challenges ahead, and the personal side of his research. The interview was edited for clarity and length.

Douglas Melton

GAZETTE: What is the significance of the Vertex trial?

MELTON: The first major change in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes was probably the discovery of insulin in 1920. Now it’s 100 years later and if this works, it’s going to change the medical treatment for people with diabetes. Instead of injecting insulin, patients will get cells that will be their own insulin factories. It’s a new kind of medicine.

GAZETTE: Would you walk us through the approach?

MELTON: Nearly two decades ago we had the idea that we could use embryonic stem cells to make functional pancreatic islets for diabetics. When we first started, we had to try to figure out how the islets in a person’s pancreas replenished. Blood, for example, is replenished routinely by a blood stem cell. So, if you go give blood at a blood drive, your body makes more blood. But we showed in mice that that is not true for the pancreatic islets. Once they’re removed or killed, the adult body has no capacity to make new ones.

So the first important “a-ha” moment was to demonstrate that there was no capacity in an adult to make new islets. That moved us to another source of new material: stem cells. The next important thing, after we overcame the political issues surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells, was to ask: Can we direct the differentiation of stem cells and make them become beta cells? That problem took much longer than I expected — I told my wife it would take five years, but it took closer to 15. The project benefited enormously from undergraduates, graduate students, and postdocs. None of them were here for 15 years of course, but they all worked on different steps.

GAZETTE: What role did the Harvard Stem Cell Institute play?

MELTON: This work absolutely could not have been done using conventional support from the National Institutes of Health. First of all, NIH grants came with severe restrictions and secondly, a long-term project like this doesn’t easily map to the initial grant support they give for a one- to three-year project. I am forever grateful and feel fortunate to have been at a private institution where philanthropy, through the HSCI, wasn’t just helpful, it made all the difference.

I am exceptionally grateful as well to former Harvard President Larry Summers and Steve Hyman, director of the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at the Broad Institute, who supported the creation of the HSCI, which was formed specifically with the idea to explore the potential of pluripotency stem cells for discovering questions about how development works, how cells are made in our body, and hopefully for finding new treatments or cures for disease. This may be one of the first examples where it’s come to fruition. At the time, the use of embryonic stem cells was quite controversial, and Steve and Larry said that this was precisely the kind of science they wanted to support.

GAZETTE: You were fundamental in starting the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology. Can you tell us about that?

MELTON: David Scadden and I helped start the department, which lives in two Schools: Harvard Medical School and the Faculty of Arts and Science. This speaks to the unusual formation and intention of the department. I’ve talked a lot about diabetes and islets, but think about all the other tissues and diseases that people suffer from. There are faculty and students in the department working on the heart, nerves, muscle, brain, and other tissues — on all aspects of how the development of a cell and a tissue affects who we are and the course of disease. The department is an exciting one because it’s exploring experimental questions such as: How do you regenerate a limb? The department was founded with the idea that not only should you ask and answer questions about nature, but that one can do so with the intention that the results lead to new treatments for disease. It is a kind of applied biology department.

GAZETTE: This pancreatic islet work was patented by Harvard and then licensed to your biotech company, Semma, which was acquired by Vertex. Can you explain how this reflects your personal connection to the research?

MELTON: Semma is named for my two children, Sam and Emma. Both are now adults, and both have Type 1 diabetes. My son was 6 months old when he was diagnosed. And that’s when I changed my research plan. And my daughter, who’s four years older than my son, became diabetic about 10 years later, when she was 14.

When my son was diagnosed, I knew nothing about diabetes and had been working on how frogs develop. I changed my research focus, thinking, as any parent would, “What am I going to do about this?” Again, I come back to the flexibility of Harvard. Nobody said, “Why are you changing your research plan?”

GAZETTE: What’s next?

MELTON: The stem-cell-derived replacement therapy cells that have been put into this first patient were provided with a class of drugs called immunosuppressants, which depress the patient’s immune system. They have to do this because these cells were not taken from that patient, and so they are not recognized as “self.” Without immunosuppressants, they would be rejected. We want to find a way to make cells by genetic engineering that are not recognized as foreign.

I think this is a solvable problem. Why? When a woman has a baby, that baby has two sets of genes. It has genes from the egg, from the mother, which would be recognized as “self,” but it also has genes from the father, which would be “non-self.” Why does the mother’s body not reject the fetus? If we can figure that out, it will help inform our thinking about what genes to change in our stem cell-derived islets so that they could go into any person. This would be relevant not just to diabetes, but to any cells you wanted to transplant for liver or even heart transplants. It could mean no longer having to worry about immunosuppression.

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