interview for phd questions and answers

PhD Interview Questions and Answers (13 Questions + Answers)

Most PhD applications include an interview. This allows your university (and perhaps even your prospective supervisor) to discuss the PhD with you in more detail.

This article lists some of the most common PhD interview questions along with their answers. The goal is to help you prepare for a PhD interview and pass with flying colors.

1) How did you develop this proposal?

When responding to this question, demonstrate your thought process, research skills, and the evolution of your ideas. Let's choose the subject of "Renewable Energy Integration in Urban Planning" as an example.

Sample answer:

"My proposal on 'Renewable Energy Integration in Urban Planning' originated from my undergraduate thesis on sustainable cities. Intrigued by the potential of renewable energy in urban environments, I conducted a literature review to identify gaps in current research. This review highlighted a lack of comprehensive strategies for integrating renewable technologies at a city-wide level. I then consulted with experts in urban planning and renewable energy, which provided practical insights into the challenges and opportunities in this field. I designed a methodology that combines spatial analysis with energy modeling to explore optimal renewable energy integration in urban landscapes. This proposal represents an amalgamation of academic research, expert consultation, and innovative methodology development."

This answer is effective because it mentions a literature review demonstrates the ability to conduct thorough research and identify gaps in existing knowledge.

2) Why do you wish to pursue a PhD?

For this question, it's important to articulate your passion for the subject, your long-term career goals, and how the PhD program aligns with these aspects.

Let's choose the subject of "Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare" for this example.

"I am passionate about leveraging technology to improve healthcare outcomes, and pursuing a PhD in Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare aligns perfectly with this passion. During my Master's, I was fascinated by the potential of AI to revolutionize diagnostic processes and personalized medicine. I believe a PhD will provide me with the deep technical knowledge and research skills necessary to contribute significantly to this field. My goal is to develop AI systems that enhance medical diagnostics, ultimately improving patient care and treatment efficiency. This PhD program, known for its pioneering research in AI and strong healthcare collaborations, is the ideal environment for me to develop these innovations and achieve my career aspirations in healthcare technology."

This is a great answer because you clearly state that the PhD will provide the necessary skills and knowledge, indicating a clear understanding of the purpose of the program.

3) Why do you think you are the right candidate for this PhD program?

Discuss how your research interests align with the program's strengths and the faculty's expertise. Explain how the program's resources, courses, and research opportunities can help you achieve your academic and career goals.

"I am deeply passionate about environmental science, particularly in the area of sustainable urban development. This passion was ignited during my master's program in Environmental Studies at XYZ University, where I completed a thesis on urban green spaces and their impact on city microclimates. This research not only honed my skills in data analysis and GIS mapping but also highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to environmental issues. I am drawn to your PhD program at ABC University because of its innovative research on sustainable urban planning and the renowned work of Professor Jane Smith in this field. Her research aligns with my interest in integrating green infrastructure into urban planning to mitigate climate change effects. My perseverance, attention to detail, and ability to synthesize complex data make me an ideal candidate for this challenging program. Pursuing this PhD is integral to my goal of becoming an environmental consultant, where I plan to develop strategies for cities to reduce their environmental footprint."

This response is effective because it mentions particular aspects of your experience and the program, avoiding generic statements. It also outlines how the PhD fits into your career path.

4) What do you plan to do after you have completed your PhD?

Be specific about the type of career you aspire to, whether it's in academia, industry, research, etc. Explain how the PhD will equip you with the skills and knowledge for your chosen career path.

"After completing my PhD in Computational Neuroscience, I plan to pursue a career in academia as a university professor. My doctoral research on neural network modeling will provide a strong foundation for teaching and conducting further research in this area. I aim to develop innovative courses that bridge computer science and neuroscience, addressing the growing demand for interdisciplinary knowledge in these fields. Additionally, I intend to continue my research on applying machine learning techniques to understand brain function, which has potential implications for developing new treatments for neurological disorders. This academic pathway allows me to contribute significantly to both education and research in Computational Neuroscience."

This is a great answer because it connects the PhD research directly to future career plans.

It also articulates how your work can impact both academia and the broader field of Computational Neuroscience.

5) Why have you chosen this specific PhD program?

Mention specific aspects of the program that attracted you, such as the curriculum, research facilities, faculty expertise, or reputation.

Explain how the program aligns with your research interests or academic background.

"I chose the PhD program in Artificial Intelligence at MIT because of its cutting-edge research and interdisciplinary approach, which perfectly aligns with my academic background in computer science and my passion for machine learning. The program's emphasis on both theoretical foundations and practical applications in AI is particularly appealing. Additionally, the opportunity to work under the guidance of Professor [Name], whose work in [specific area, e.g., neural networks or AI ethics] has deeply influenced my own research interests, is a significant draw. This program is an ideal fit for me to further develop my skills and contribute to the field of AI, ultimately aiming for a career in AI research and development in the tech industry."

This answer connects your background and goals to the program's offerings.

Including a specific professor's name shows detailed knowledge about the program and faculty.

6) What impact would you like your PhD project to have?

When answering this question, convey both the academic significance and the potential real-world applications of your research. Let's choose a project focused on developing eco-friendly battery technologies for electric vehicles for this example.

"My PhD project aims to develop new eco-friendly battery technologies for electric vehicles (EVs), addressing both the environmental impact of battery production and the efficiency of energy storage. I hope my research will contribute to the academic field by advancing our understanding of sustainable materials for energy storage, potentially leading to publications and patents. Beyond academia, I envision this project significantly impacting the EV industry by providing a more sustainable and efficient battery alternative. This innovation could play a crucial role in reducing the carbon footprint of transportation and supporting global efforts towards a greener future. Ultimately, I aspire for my work to not only advance scientific knowledge but also drive real-world changes in how we approach energy sustainability in transportation."

This is an excellent answer because it connects the project to larger environmental goals and societal benefits. It also reflects a forward-thinking approach, demonstrating your understanding of the project's potential long-term implications.

7) What difficulties would you expect to encounter during this project?

It's important to demonstrate awareness of potential challenges and convey a proactive mindset toward problem-solving. Let's choose a project focused on the development of a novel AI-driven diagnostic tool for early detection of neurological diseases for this example.

"In developing an AI-driven diagnostic tool for early detection of neurological diseases, I anticipate several challenges. Firstly, the accuracy and reliability of the tool depend heavily on the quality and diversity of the data used for training the AI algorithms. Obtaining a comprehensive dataset that adequately represents the population can be difficult due to privacy concerns and data availability. Secondly, ensuring the AI model's interpretability to be clinically useful while maintaining high performance is another challenge, given the complexity of neurological diseases. To address these, I plan to collaborate with interdisciplinary teams, including data privacy experts and neurologists, to source and utilize data ethically and effectively. I also intend to continuously refine the AI model, focusing on both its predictive accuracy and clinical applicability. These challenges, while significant, present valuable opportunities for innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration."

This response is effective because it clearly outlines realistic challenges specific to the AI diagnostic tool project. It also presents a proactive approach to overcoming these challenges, showing problem-solving skills.

8) How will you fund this project?

When answering this question, show that you've thought about the financial aspects of your research and are aware of funding sources that are available and applicable to your project.

"I have identified multiple funding sources to support my renewable energy research project at Stanford University. Firstly, I plan to apply for the DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research (SCGSR) Program, which offers substantial support for projects focusing on sustainable energy. My proposal for this grant is already in progress, highlighting how my project aligns with the DOE's priorities in advancing clean energy technologies. Additionally, I'm exploring departmental fellowships at Stanford, particularly those aimed at renewable energy research. I am also keen on establishing industry partnerships, given the project's relevance to current energy challenges and the potential for collaborative funding and technological exchange. Last but not least, I will seek conference grants to present my research findings, which can lead to further academic collaborations and additional funding opportunities."

Notice how this answer mentions funding sources that align with the renewable energy focus of the project and the resources available at Stanford University.

9) Tell us about a time you experienced a setback

Focus on a situation relevant to your academic or research experience. Let's use a real-world example where a research experiment failed due to unexpected variables.

"During my Master’s thesis on the effects of soil composition on plant growth, I faced a major setback. My initial experiments, which involved growing plants in different soil types, failed to produce consistent results due to unanticipated environmental variations in the greenhouse. This was disheartening, especially as the deadline approached. However, I responded by reassessing my experimental setup. I consulted with my supervisor and decided to control more variables, such as humidity and temperature. I also refined my data collection methods to include more frequent soil and plant measurements. These adjustments led to more reliable results, and I successfully completed my thesis. This experience taught me the importance of adaptability in research and reinforced the value of meticulous experimental design."

This is a great answer because it shows how you’ve encountered and overcame a specific problem, demonstrating resilience and adaptability.

10) What are your strengths and weaknesses?

When answering this question, it's important to present a balanced view of yourself, showing self-awareness and a commitment to personal development. Choose strengths that are relevant to a PhD program and weaknesses that you're actively working to improve.

"One of my key strengths is my analytical thinking, which I demonstrated during my Master's project where I developed a novel algorithm for data analysis. This required me to not only understand complex theories but also apply them creatively to solve real-world problems. As for weaknesses, I sometimes struggle with overcommitment, taking on too many projects at once. This occasionally led to stress during my undergraduate studies. However, I am actively working on this by improving my time management skills and learning to prioritize tasks more effectively. I've started using project management tools and setting clear boundaries, which has already shown improvements in my workflow and stress levels."

This answer maintains a good balance between strengths and weaknesses. It also shows self-awareness, demonstrating a proactive approach to personal development.

11) Why have you chosen to study for a PhD at this university?

Mention specific aspects of the PhD program that attracted you. Explain how your research interests align with the work being done at the university.

"I am drawn to the PhD program in Astrophysics at Caltech due to its outstanding reputation in space research and the unparalleled resources available at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. My research interest lies in the study of exoplanets, and Caltech's active projects in this area, such as the Zwicky Transient Facility, align perfectly with my academic goals. The opportunity to work under the guidance of Professor [Name], known for pioneering work in exoplanetary atmospheres, is particularly exciting. Additionally, Caltech's collaborative environment and emphasis on interdisciplinary research are conducive to my professional growth, providing a platform to engage with experts from various fields in astrophysics."

This response directly connects your research interests with ongoing projects and facilities at Caltech. It also shows you’ve done your research on faculty members and their work.

12) What can you bring to this research group?

Focus on your unique skills, experiences, and perspectives that will contribute to the research group's success. Let's choose the field of Biomedical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University for this example.

"As a prospective member of the Biomedical Engineering research group at Johns Hopkins University, I bring a unique combination of skills and experiences. My expertise in microfluidics, honed during my Master’s research, aligns well with the group’s focus on developing lab-on-a-chip devices for medical diagnostics. I have also co-authored two papers in this field, demonstrating my ability to contribute to high-impact research. Additionally, my experience in a start-up environment, where I worked on developing portable diagnostic tools, has equipped me with a practical understanding of translating research into applications. I thrive in collaborative settings, often bringing interdisciplinary insights that foster innovative problem-solving. I am excited about the prospect of contributing to the group’s ongoing projects and introducing fresh perspectives to advance our understanding and application of biomedical technology."

This response shows your relevant expertise, ability to work in a team, and the unique perspectives you can offer, positioning you as a valuable addition to the research group.

13) Do you have any questions for us?

Asking good questions demonstrates your motivation. It also shows that you’ve given some genuine consideration to the project and/or program you’re applying to.

Some questions you can ask the interviewer include:

What will the supervision arrangements be for the project?
What kind of training and skills sessions are offered as part of the PhD program?
How many other PhD students has this supervisor seen to completion?
Are there any major developments or partnerships planned for the department?
Are there likely to be any changes to the funding arrangements for the project?
What opportunities will I have for presenting my research?

Remember: you’re a good student, with lots of potential. You’re considering at least three years of hard work with this university. You need to know that you’ll get on with your supervisor, that your work will be appreciated and that there are good prospects for your project.

What to wear to a PhD interview

Wear formal attire for a PhD interview. Your best bet is to wear a suit. A navy blue suit is the best and most versatile option. No matter your gender, a suit is always very professional.

For men, wear a suit with a tie, dress shirt, and dress shoes. For women, wear a suit (pantsuit or skirt suit) with a blouse, or conservative dress, and closed-toe shoes.

When in doubt, it’s better to be slightly overdressed than underdressed. The goal is to make a professional impression and feel confident, without your attire distracting from the conversation.

What to expect from a PhD interview

At its core, a PhD interview will consist of questions that allow your potential supervisors to get to know you better and have an understanding of what you’d like to study, why you’ve chosen your field of study, and whether you’d be a good fit for the PhD program.

You should expect general questions to help the interviewer get a sense of your likes and dislikes, and your overall personality.

Next, expect questions about your personal motivations for studying a PhD. Your interviewer will also be interested in any relevant experience you have to qualify you to study this PhD.

In the next section, expect questions about your PhD project. You should be prepared to discuss your project idea in detail and demonstrate to the interviewer that you are the ideal candidate.

Last but not least, the interviewer will discuss your future ambitions and give you an opportunity to ask questions. Remember that this interview goes both ways.

It’s important to ask the interviewer relevant questions to show your engagement and the serious consideration you are giving their program.

You are preparing to spend several years of your life at this school. Think about what is important to you and what would make or break your decision to attend this university.

Prepare a list of questions ahead of the interview.

Understanding the interviewer’s point of view

During a PhD interview, interviewers are typically looking for a range of traits that indicate whether you are well-suited for the rigors of a doctoral program and a research career.

These traits include:

Intellectual Curiosity and Passion: A strong enthusiasm for the subject area and a desire to contribute to and expand knowledge in the field.

Research Skills and Experience: Demonstrable skills in conducting research, including designing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting results. Prior research experience relevant to the PhD topic is often a plus.

Resilience and Perseverance: The capacity to handle setbacks and challenges, which are common in research, and to persist in the face of difficulties.

Collaboration and Teamwork: Although PhD research can be quite independent, the ability to work well with others, including advisors, faculty, and other students, is crucial.

Self-Motivation and Independence: The drive to work independently, manage one's own project, and stay motivated over the long term.

Fit with the Program: Alignment of the candidate’s research interests and goals with the strengths and focus of the PhD program and faculty.

These traits not only indicate your readiness for a PhD program but also your potential to contribute meaningfully to their field of study and succeed in a research-oriented career.

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Are you ready to conquer the pivotal challenge of PhD interviews? Your path to securing a coveted spot in a doctoral program hinges on your ability to navigate the often intricate world of PhD interview questions. In this guide, we'll delve deep into the types of questions you may encounter, equip you with effective strategies to tackle them, and provide insights to help you shine in your academic pursuits. Let's dive right in and decode the art of answering PhD interview questions with confidence and poise.

What is a PhD Interview?

A PhD interview is a critical step in the admissions process for doctoral programs. It serves as an opportunity for the admissions committee to get to know you better, assess your qualifications, and determine your suitability for the program. In a PhD interview, you'll typically engage in a conversation with faculty members or admissions representatives to discuss your academic background, research interests, motivations, and potential contributions to the program.

Importance of PhD Interviews

PhD interviews hold immense significance in the admissions process. Here's why they matter:

Assessment of Fit : Interviews help institutions assess whether you are a good fit for their program and research community. They want to ensure that your academic and research goals align with their offerings and objectives.
Personality and Interpersonal Skills : Interviews provide insight into your personality, communication skills, and how well you might collaborate with faculty and peers. Your interpersonal skills can be as important as your academic qualifications.
Clarification and Engagement : Interviews allow you to clarify any aspects of your application and engage in meaningful conversations about your research interests. This interaction can set you apart from other candidates.
Demonstration of Enthusiasm : By participating in an interview, you have the chance to demonstrate your genuine enthusiasm and passion for your field of study and the program itself.
Lasting Impression : A successful interview can leave a lasting positive impression on the admissions committee, potentially tipping the scales in your favor during the final decision-making process.

How to Prepare for PhD Interviews?

Effective preparation is key to a successful PhD interview. Here's what you need to consider:

Research the Program : Dive deep into the program's website, course offerings, and faculty profiles. Understand their research areas, recent publications, and ongoing projects. Be ready to discuss how your interests align with theirs.
Create a Strong CV and Personal Statement : Craft a compelling CV and personal statement that highlight your academic achievements, research experience, and motivations. Tailor these documents to reflect your passion for the field and your alignment with the program.
Practice Interview Responses : Practice answering common interview questions, both alone and with a friend or mentor. Focus on clarity, conciseness, and relevance in your responses.
Gather Questions to Ask the Interviewers : Prepare thoughtful questions to ask the interviewers. This shows your genuine interest and engagement. Examples include inquiring about ongoing research projects and the support structure for graduate students.
Dress and Present Professionally : Choose a professional and comfortable outfit for your interview. Dressing appropriately shows respect for the process, while confidence in your appearance can boost your self-assurance during the interview.

Remember that preparation is the foundation of success in PhD interviews. By understanding their significance and thoroughly preparing, you can approach your interviews with confidence and increase your chances of securing a spot in your desired program.

Types of PhD Interviews

PhD interviews come in various formats, each designed to assess different aspects of your candidacy and suitability for a doctoral program. Understanding these interview types will help you tailor your preparation effectively.

Structured Interviews

Structured interviews are highly organized and follow a predefined set of questions. They aim to objectively evaluate your qualifications and fit for the program. Here's what to expect:

Question Consistency : In structured interviews, all candidates face the same questions, ensuring fairness and comparability.
Focused Assessment : Interviewers assess your responses against specific criteria, such as academic background and research experience.
Formal Setting : These interviews often occur in a formal setting and may involve a panel of interviewers.

Unstructured Interviews

Unstructured interviews take a more conversational approach, allowing interviewers to explore your personality, motivations, and compatibility with their research group. Here's what makes them unique:

Open-Ended Questions : Interviewers ask open-ended questions, giving you the freedom to express yourself more spontaneously.
Personality Assessment : This format delves into your personal qualities, interpersonal skills, and enthusiasm for the field.
Informal Atmosphere : Unstructured interviews often create a more relaxed, informal atmosphere.

Panel Interviews

Panel interviews involve multiple interviewers assessing you simultaneously. While they can be intimidating, they offer diverse perspectives and insights into your candidacy:

Varied Perspectives : Different panel members may come from various academic backgrounds, providing a holistic assessment.
Multifaceted Questions : Be prepared for a range of questions, including those related to your research, motivations, and potential contributions.
Time Management : Managing your responses and interactions with multiple interviewers can be challenging but crucial.

Video Interviews

In the digital age, video interviews have become increasingly common, especially for international candidates. Excelling in a video interview requires additional considerations:

Technical Setup : Ensure your camera, microphone, and internet connection are reliable to avoid technical disruptions.
Virtual Presence : Convey your enthusiasm and professionalism through the screen by maintaining eye contact and using appropriate body language.
Background and Attire : Choose a clean, professional background and dress as you would for an in-person interview. Avoid distractions.

Understanding these interview types will help you tailor your preparation and approach to each specific format, increasing your chances of success in the PhD admissions process.

Research Experience and Background Interview Questions

1. tell me about your research experience and background in your field..

How to Answer: Start with a brief overview of your academic and research journey, highlighting key milestones, projects, and publications. Emphasize your expertise, the relevance of your work to the PhD program, and any unique contributions you've made.

Sample Answer: "I hold a Master's degree in [Your Field] and have been actively involved in research for the past five years. My work has primarily focused on [Specific Research Area], where I've conducted experiments on [Research Topic]. I've published several papers in reputable journals and presented my findings at international conferences."

What to Look For: Look for candidates who can effectively communicate their research experience, showcasing their passion for the field and the impact of their work. Assess the alignment between their research background and the program's objectives.

2. Can you discuss a specific research project you've worked on in detail?

How to Answer: Choose a significant research project and provide a structured overview, discussing the objectives, methodologies, key findings, and your role in the project. Be concise and clear in explaining the project's relevance.

Sample Answer: "Certainly, one of my most impactful research projects was centered around [Project Title]. The primary aim was to [Project Objective]. I employed [Research Methodology] and collaborated closely with [Team Members]. Our findings, which indicated [Key Finding], have the potential to [Potential Impact]."

What to Look For: Evaluate the candidate's ability to articulate complex research projects coherently, emphasizing their contribution, teamwork, and understanding of the research's implications.

Motivation and Goals Interview Questions

3. why do you want to pursue a phd in [your field].

How to Answer: Share your genuine passion for your field, explaining how a PhD aligns with your long-term goals and emphasizing your commitment to contributing to knowledge.

Sample Answer: "I am deeply passionate about [Your Field] because of its potential to address pressing global issues, such as [Relevant Issue]. Pursuing a PhD is the next logical step for me to delve deeper into these challenges, conduct innovative research, and ultimately make a meaningful impact."

What to Look For: Seek candidates who demonstrate a clear and authentic passion for their field and a well-thought-out rationale for pursuing a PhD.

4. What are your specific research interests and potential research topics for your PhD?

How to Answer: Discuss your research interests, explaining how they align with the department's expertise. Mention potential research topics and why they are relevant.

Sample Answer: "My research interests revolve around [Specific Research Area], and I'm particularly intrigued by [Specific Aspect]. I see potential for investigating [Potential Research Topic] because it addresses [Research Gap], and it complements the ongoing work at your department, especially with [Professor's Name]'s research in [Related Area]."

What to Look For: Look for candidates with well-defined research interests that align with the program and an understanding of how their interests fit within the department's expertise.

Academic Preparedness Interview Questions

5. how have your academic achievements prepared you for a phd program.

How to Answer: Highlight your academic achievements, emphasizing relevant coursework, grades, honors, or awards. Discuss how these accomplishments have equipped you for the challenges of a PhD.

Sample Answer: "During my undergraduate and master's studies, I consistently excelled in courses related to [Relevant Subjects], earning top grades. I was also honored with [Academic Award] for my outstanding performance in [Specific Course], which I believe demonstrates my ability to excel in rigorous academic environments."

What to Look For: Evaluate candidates ' academic records, looking for a history of strong performance and evidence of their ability to excel in the PhD program.

6. How do you plan to manage the demands of a PhD program, including coursework, research, and potential teaching responsibilities?

How to Answer: Outline your organizational and time-management skills, discussing strategies for balancing coursework, research, and other responsibilities. Mention any prior experience in multitasking or teaching.

Sample Answer: "I recognize that a PhD program can be demanding, but I've honed my time-management skills through [Relevant Experience]. I plan to create a detailed schedule that allocates dedicated time for coursework, research, and any potential teaching duties, ensuring that I maintain a healthy work-life balance."

What to Look For: Seek candidates who demonstrate a proactive approach to managing the academic demands of a PhD, emphasizing their organizational skills and adaptability.

Research Proposal Interview Questions

7. have you developed a research proposal for your phd if so, can you provide a brief overview.

How to Answer: Summarize your research proposal briefly, outlining the research question, objectives, methodology, and potential significance. Be concise and showcase your innovative thinking.

Sample Answer: "Yes, I've developed a preliminary research proposal focusing on [Research Question]. The main objectives are to [Research Objectives]. I plan to employ [Research Methodology] to investigate this, and if successful, this research could contribute by [Potential Impact]."

What to Look For: Evaluate the candidate's ability to conceptualize a research project, the clarity of their proposal, and the alignment with the program's research priorities.

8. How does your research proposal align with the department's research priorities and potential advisors?

How to Answer: Explain the alignment between your research proposal and the department's strengths and potential advisors. Mention specific faculty members you are interested in working with.

Sample Answer: "My research proposal aligns closely with the department's focus on [Department's Research Focus]. I am particularly interested in collaborating with [Professor's Name], as their work in [Professor's Research Area] directly relates to my research proposal, and I believe their expertise would be invaluable."

What to Look For: Look for candidates who have thoroughly researched the department's strengths and potential advisors and can clearly articulate the alignment between their proposal and the program's resources.

Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking Interview Questions

9. can you describe a complex problem you've encountered in your research or academic work and how you approached solving it.

How to Answer: Share a specific example of a challenging problem, outlining the steps you took to address it. Emphasize your problem-solving skills and critical thinking.

Sample Answer: "In one of my research projects, we encountered a complex issue with [Problem Description]. To tackle this, I initiated a collaborative discussion with my team, conducted thorough literature reviews, and explored alternative approaches. Eventually, we devised a novel solution that not only resolved the problem but also contributed to the field."

What to Look For: Assess the candidate's ability to navigate complex challenges, their problem-solving strategies, and their commitment to finding innovative solutions.

10. How do you approach interdisciplinary collaboration and integrating different perspectives into your research?

How to Answer: Explain your approach to interdisciplinary collaboration, highlighting instances where you've successfully integrated diverse perspectives into your work. Emphasize the benefits of such collaboration.

Sample Answer: "I believe that interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for addressing complex issues. In my previous research on [Project Name], I collaborated with experts from [Related Discipline]. We integrated their insights, which enriched our project by [Outcome]. This experience has reinforced my commitment to embracing diverse perspectives."

What to Look For: Look for candidates who value interdisciplinary collaboration, demonstrate an ability to work effectively with experts from other fields, and can articulate the benefits of such collaborations.

Communication Skills Interview Questions

11. how do you communicate your research findings to both academic and non-academic audiences.

How to Answer: Discuss your communication skills, emphasizing your ability to convey complex ideas in a clear and accessible manner. Mention any presentations, publications, or outreach activities.

Sample Answer: "I believe in effective science communication. I've presented my research findings at conferences, where I tailored my presentations to engage both experts in my field and non-specialist audiences. Additionally, I've authored articles for [Publication], aiming to make my research accessible to a wider readership."

What to Look For: Evaluate candidates' communication skills, assessing their ability to adapt their message to different audiences and their commitment to disseminating their research beyond academia.

12. How would you handle a situation where your research findings faced skepticism or resistance from peers or advisors?

How to Answer: Describe a hypothetical scenario where your research findings were met with skepticism, and outline your approach to addressing this challenge diplomatically and professionally.

Sample Answer: "If my research findings were met with skepticism, I would first seek to understand the concerns of my peers or advisors. I'd be open to constructive feedback and engage in respectful discussions to address their doubts. If necessary, I'd reevaluate my methodology or findings and provide additional evidence to support my conclusions."

What to Look For: Look for candidates who demonstrate resilience, the ability to handle criticism professionally, and a commitment to constructive dialogue when faced with skepticism.

Professional Development Interview Questions

13. how do you stay updated with the latest developments and trends in your field.

How to Answer: Share your strategies for staying informed about the latest developments in your field, such as attending conferences, reading journals, or participating in online forums.

Sample Answer: "I stay updated by regularly attending conferences like [Conference Name], subscribing to relevant journals, and actively participating in online communities and forums where experts discuss emerging trends. This continuous learning helps me remain at the forefront of advancements in my field."

What to Look For: Assess candidates ' commitment to professional development and their proactive approach to staying informed about the latest research and trends.

14. Can you discuss any leadership or mentoring experiences you've had in your academic or professional journey?

How to Answer: Highlight any leadership or mentoring roles you've undertaken, emphasizing your ability to lead and mentor others effectively.

Sample Answer: "I've had the privilege of serving as a mentor for junior researchers in my lab, guiding them through research processes and offering academic support. Additionally, I was elected as the president of [Student Organization], where I led a team of [Number] members in organizing [Event/Project], which greatly enhanced my leadership skills."

What to Look For: Seek candidates who have demonstrated leadership and mentoring abilities, showcasing their capacity to contribute positively to the academic community.

Conclusion and Fit with the Program Interview Questions

15. why do you believe you are an ideal fit for our phd program in [your field].

How to Answer: Summarize the key reasons why you believe you are a strong fit for the program, emphasizing your alignment with the department's goals, resources, and values.

Sample Answer: "I am enthusiastic about your PhD program because it aligns perfectly with my research interests in [Your Field]. The department's renowned faculty, well-equipped laboratories, and collaborative environment make it an ideal place for me to pursue my research goals. Furthermore, I appreciate the department's commitment to fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, which mirrors my approach to research."

What to Look For: Evaluate candidates' understanding of the program's strengths and their ability to articulate why they are an excellent fit based on their research interests and values.

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How to Prepare for a PhD Interview?

Preparing for PhD interviews is a critical step in ensuring your success in the admissions process. We will dive into the key aspects of thorough preparation that will help you leave a lasting impression on the interview panel.

Researching the Program and Faculty

Before you step into the interview room, it's essential to have a deep understanding of the program you're applying to and the faculty members who might become your mentors. Here's how to do it effectively:

Program Insights : Explore the program's website, course offerings, and any recent publications or research projects. Understand the program's strengths and what sets it apart from others.
Faculty Profiles : Dive into the profiles of faculty members in your area of interest. Familiarize yourself with their research, publications, and current projects. Identify potential advisors who align with your research goals.
Department Culture : Seek insights into the department's culture and values. This can help you tailor your responses to demonstrate your alignment with their objectives.

Creating a Strong CV and Personal Statement

Your CV and personal statement are your opportunities to showcase your academic achievements, research experience, and motivations. Crafting these documents effectively is crucial:

CV Highlights : Ensure your CV highlights relevant academic accomplishments, research contributions, and any publications or presentations. Use a clear, concise format.
Personal Statement Impact : Your personal statement should be a compelling narrative of your academic journey, research interests, and why you're passionate about pursuing a PhD. Tailor it to the program you're applying to.
Demonstrate Fit : Emphasize how your academic background and research experience align with the program's goals and faculty expertise. Show how you can contribute to the department's research endeavors.

Practicing Interview Responses

Practice makes perfect, and practicing interview responses is no exception. Here's how to hone your interview skills:

Mock Interviews : Conduct mock interviews with friends, mentors, or career advisors. Practice answering common questions while receiving constructive feedback.
Video Recordings : Record yourself answering interview questions. Review the recordings to assess your body language, clarity, and confidence.
Storyboard Responses : Create storyboards for potential questions. Outline your responses with key points and examples to ensure you address the interviewers' expectations.

Gathering Questions to Ask the Interviewers

Preparing thoughtful questions to ask the interviewers not only demonstrates your interest but also helps you gain valuable insights:

Research-Based Questions : Ask questions related to ongoing research projects, faculty collaborations, and opportunities for graduate students. For example, inquire about recent publications or upcoming research initiatives.
Program Support : Seek information on the support structure for graduate students, including funding, resources, and mentorship opportunities.
Departmental Vision : Ask about the department's vision for the future and how they envision contributing to your academic and research growth.

Dressing and Presenting Professionally

Your appearance and demeanor play a crucial role in creating a positive first impression. Here are some tips for presenting yourself professionally:

Appropriate Attire : Choose professional attire that is appropriate for the interview setting. Dressing well shows respect for the process and your interviewers.
Grooming : Pay attention to grooming and personal hygiene. Ensure you feel comfortable and confident in your chosen attire.
Body Language : Practice good body language, such as maintaining eye contact, offering a firm handshake, and sitting up straight. These non-verbal cues convey professionalism and confidence.

Thoroughly preparing for your PhD interviews is your opportunity to shine and showcase your commitment to academic excellence and research. Each aspect of preparation contributes to a successful interview experience, increasing your chances of securing a spot in your desired program.

During the PhD Interview

The moment you step into the interview room is when your preparation meets the real test. This section will guide you through the crucial aspects of handling yourself during the interview, leaving a lasting impression on the interview panel.

Arriving Early and Being Punctual

Punctuality is a mark of professionalism and respect. Arriving early not only demonstrates your commitment but also helps you settle in and overcome any last-minute nerves. Here's how to ensure you're punctual:

Plan Your Journey : Calculate the travel time and consider potential traffic or delays. Aim to arrive at least 15 minutes before your scheduled interview time.
Venue Familiarity : If the interview is in person, visit the interview venue beforehand, if possible, to familiarize yourself with the location. This can help reduce anxiety on the interview day.
Backup Plans : Have a backup plan in case of unexpected circumstances, such as traffic jams or technical issues for virtual interviews.

Building Rapport with Interviewers

Building a positive rapport with the interviewers can go a long way in making a favorable impression. Here are some strategies to establish a connection:

Engage Actively : Be an active listener during the interview. Respond thoughtfully to the interviewers' questions and show genuine interest in their responses.
Respectful Interaction : Address the interviewers by their titles or preferred names, and maintain a respectful tone throughout the conversation.
Ask Clarifying Questions : If you're unsure about a question or need clarification, don't hesitate to ask. This demonstrates your commitment to understanding and providing thoughtful responses.

Communicating Clearly and Confidently

Effective communication is essential during your PhD interview. Clear and confident communication helps convey your ideas and qualifications effectively:

Clarity is Key : Ensure your responses are clear and concise. Avoid jargon or overly technical language that might be unfamiliar to some interviewers.
Confidence and Poise : Maintain a confident tone while speaking, even when discussing complex topics. Confidence can inspire trust in your abilities.
Practice Active Listening : Show that you're engaged by nodding or providing verbal cues to indicate you're actively listening to the interviewers.

Addressing Tough Questions with Poise

Challenging questions are a part of most PhD interviews. How you handle them can make a significant difference. Here's how to address tough questions with poise:

Take a Breath : If faced with a difficult question, take a moment to collect your thoughts. Don't rush into an answer. Composure is more important than speed.
Structured Responses : Structure your responses logically, addressing the question's core and providing relevant examples or evidence to support your answer.
Be Honest : If you don't know the answer to a question, it's okay to admit it. Offer to explore the topic further or express your eagerness to learn.

Demonstrating Enthusiasm and Passion

Your enthusiasm for your field of study and the PhD program should shine through during the interview. Here's how to convey your passion effectively:

Speak About Your Research : When discussing your research interests, convey your excitement and the potential impact of your work on the field.
Share Relevant Experiences : Highlight experiences that have fueled your passion for the subject matter. Discuss the projects or coursework that have influenced your journey.
Show Gratitude : Express your gratitude for the opportunity to interview and your eagerness to contribute to the academic community.

The interview is your moment to not only showcase your qualifications but also your personality, professionalism, and enthusiasm. By mastering these aspects during the interview, you'll leave a memorable impression on the interview panel.

Post-PhD Interview Etiquette

Once the interview is over, your job isn't done yet. Proper post-interview etiquette is crucial in maintaining a positive impression and handling potential next steps. We'll delve into the essential aspects of post-interview conduct.

Sending Thank-You Notes or Emails

Sending a thank-you note or email after your PhD interview is a courteous gesture that can leave a lasting impression. Here's how to do it effectively:

Promptness : Send your thank-you note within 24-48 hours of the interview to express your appreciation while your interview is still fresh in the interviewers' minds.
Personalization : Customize each thank-you message for each interviewer, referencing specific points of discussion or insights gained during the interview.
Express Gratitude : Express your gratitude for the opportunity to interview and your enthusiasm for joining the program.

Reflecting on the Interview Experience

After the interview, take some time to reflect on the experience. Self-assessment can be a valuable tool for personal growth and future interviews:

Strengths and Weaknesses : Identify your strengths during the interview and areas where you can improve. Reflect on the questions that challenged you.
Learning Opportunities : Consider what you've learned from the interview process. How can you apply this knowledge to future interviews or your academic journey?
Feedback : If you receive feedback from the interview panel, use it constructively to enhance your interview skills for future opportunities.

Preparing for Possible Follow-Up Interviews

In some cases, you may be invited for a follow-up interview, especially if you're a strong candidate. Be prepared for the possibility of additional interviews:

Research Continuation : Be ready to discuss your research interests in more depth. Prepare to elaborate on your proposed projects or potential contributions to the program.
Personalized Questions : Expect more specific questions related to your application or areas of interest. Demonstrate your commitment and passion for the program.

Handling Rejections and Acceptances

The outcomes of your PhD applications can be emotionally charged, especially when it comes to rejections and acceptances.

Coping with Rejection

Receiving a rejection can be disheartening, but it's important to remember that it's not a reflection of your worth or potential. Here's how to cope:

Seek Feedback : If possible, request feedback from the admissions committee. Understanding the reasons for rejection can help you improve your future applications.
Stay Resilient : Maintain a positive outlook and resilience. Rejections are a natural part of the application process and can lead to growth and self-improvement.
Explore Alternatives : Consider alternative options, such as reapplying in the future or exploring similar programs that align with your goals.

Evaluating PhD Offers and Making Decisions

If you're fortunate enough to receive multiple offers, you'll face the pleasant yet challenging task of evaluating and choosing the right program for you. Here's how to navigate this decision-making process:

Comparative Analysis : Create a spreadsheet or chart to compare the pros and cons of each program, considering factors like funding, research opportunities, faculty expertise, location, and support services.
Visit the Campuses : If possible, visit the campuses or engage in virtual tours to get a feel for the environment and culture.
Consult Mentors and Advisors : Seek guidance from mentors, advisors, or professors who can provide insights and advice based on your academic and career goals.
Trust Your Instincts : Ultimately, trust your instincts and choose the program that aligns best with your aspirations and offers the support and resources you need.

Handling the aftermath of PhD interviews, including sending thank-you notes, reflecting on your experiences, and managing outcomes, is an integral part of the journey. By following these guidelines, you can leave a positive impression and make informed decisions regarding your academic future.

Facing PhD interview questions may seem daunting, but with careful preparation and a confident approach, you can shine during this critical stage of your academic journey. Remember to showcase your qualifications, passion for research, and enthusiasm for the program. Your ability to communicate effectively and handle questions with poise will set you on the path to success.

As you reflect on your interview experience and await the outcomes, maintain a positive attitude and be ready to adapt and learn from each opportunity. Whether you receive an acceptance or a rejection, remember that every step in this process is a valuable learning experience that can help shape your future endeavors. Stay resilient, stay motivated, and keep pursuing your passion for knowledge. Your PhD journey is just beginning.

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1. Tell Us About Yourself

It comes at no surprise that this common ice-breaker question is at the top of our list. This question will likely be asked to help you calm your initial nerves and settle into your interview. As this is a warm-up question, aim to give the interviewer a general overview about yourself as opposed to a detailed breakdown. To achieve this, structure your answer into three sections:

Tell us about yourself - Common PhD Interview Questions

Academic History : start with a summary of your academic background – where and what have you studied? What grades did you achieve?
Research Topic : go onto explain your research interest in your chosen topic – what do you like about it? Do you intend to pursue a career related to it upon obtaining your degree?
Why a PhD : Finish with why you want to undertake a PhD – do you want to make a contribution to science? Do you want to get a job in academia?

2. Why Do You Want to Do A PhD?

Although you may have touched on this in your answer to the above, your interviews will want to know more of the detail if they ask this question as a direct followup.

Though it may appear obvious, the interviewer is specifically interested in discovering your personal motivations for undertaking a PhD . Too often, students answer this question by listing the benefits of a PhD. Not only will the interviewer already know the benefits of a PhD, but a generic answer also won’t help you stand out among the other applicants.

To answer this question and leave a lasting impact, try to include an academic or personal experience that has strengthened your passion for research. As well as this, outline what your career aspirations are and explain how the proposed PhD will help you achieve them. The key to selling yourself here is to let the interviewer know how passionate you are about the project without having to say it.

3. Why Did You Choose This Project?

This is your chance to show that you have researched the University, supervisor and project.

First, talk about the project. Is there a particular aspect that you’re interested in? If so, mention it. This will show that you’re engaged in the topic and already have a basic understanding of the field. Besides this, a great way to show that you’ve really looked into the research topic would be to discuss a certain part of the methodology the project could adopt.

Next, talk about the University – there may be several universities offering similar projects, but what makes this one stand out? Is it their resources? Is it the prospective supervisor’s research group? Is it their previous involvement in previous influential studies? Again, show that you’ve adequately researched the University and clearly understand what makes it unique.

Finally, you can mention if your decision to apply to their university has been influenced by the expertise of the proposed supervisor. Given that the supervisor will be highly knowledgeable in the research topic you’re applying to, it’s possible they may have contributed to some significant findings in it. If so, it’s acceptable to acknowledge this by mentioning how you would like the opportunity to work under their guidance. However, be careful not to overdo. Although you may be sincere in your answer, it can go against you if your supervisor feels like you’re trying to flatter him. To avoid giving this impression, focus on how his or her expertise will help you develop into a competent researcher.

4. Why Should We Choose You?

A very blunt question, but your PhD supervisor will want to make sure you’re the best candidate for the position. This is especially true given they’ll be responsible for supporting you over the next few years. Therefore, the primary aim of your answer will be to reassure them you have the skills and experience required to undertake a doctoral study. To achieve this, identify the critical knowledge and skills required for the project and discuss how you meet each of these. Follow up each justification with a short, relevant example to help give your answers more impact.

When asked this question, some students tend to just summarise their academic CV and cover letter . This isn’t an effective way to answer the question as you’re telling the supervisor information they already know about you. It’s fine to reiterate a few key points, however, try to delve deeper into what you can offer going forward as opposed to what you’ve achieved in the past. As part of your answer, identify the soft skills which will be imperative to the doctorate and state how you have each of these. These can include skills such as effective communication, great time management, problem-solving, adaptability and high work ethic.

5. How Did You Come up With This Project?

If you’ve developed your own research proposal , then expect to have to defend it as part of your interview. You should have a thorough understanding of what the current gaps in knowledge are surrounding your research topic and how these could limit the findings of your study. Besides this, you’ll want to show that you’re clear on what the key aims and objectives of your project are and appreciate how they could contribute to your field of research. This last point is essential in convincing the interviewers this project is a worthy pursuit. What makes your project groundbreaking and worth dedicating several years to?

The interviewer wants to know if you have thought out all aspects of your project and so will likely scrutinise the finer details of your proposal. Therefore, be ready to outline the literature you’ve read and discuss how you evaluated different methodologies before suggesting your current one.

If you want an edge over other students, you can also produce a high-level plan, similar to the one below (but with more detail), which outlines the different phases of your research project. This can include stages such as the literature review, undertaking experiments, producing your thesis and preparing for your viva voce. Although they won’t expect your plan to be fully accurate, especially given how dynamic research projects can be, it will show your positive attitude towards being imitative and taking responsibility for your project.

PhD Project Plan - How to Prepare for A PhD Interview

6. What Challenges Are You Expecting to Encounter in This Project?

A common PhD interview question students struggle with is “What difficulties do you think you will face?” This purpose of this question is to check how much you’ve thought about the project. Students who provide a poor answer generally do so as they think admitting to any potential difficulties may make them seem incompetent. This couldn’t be any further from the truth.

Identifying potential difficulties shows the interviewers you’ve given serious thought to the project. This reassures the supervisor that should you run into difficulties during the research, you’re not only capable of identifying them but also mature enough to do so. Not highlighting potential difficulties, whether it’s due to a lack of confidence or understanding the project, suggests your project will be vulnerable to problems which could go amiss.

When answering this question, try to follow up on each potential difficulty with how you intend to address it. This can include measures such as making use of internal development opportunities, enrolling onto external training courses or signing up to specific research master classes.

7. What Are Your Strengths and Weaknesses?

This is a standard question for most interviews, and a PhD interview is no different.

Pick strengths that compliment your PhD programme. For example, if applying to a Physics or Engineering PhD, mentioning you have good attention to detail would be highly beneficial given the amount of data analysis involved. Try to support each of your claims with a relevant example. Using the above case as an example, you could discuss how as part of your Bachelor’s or Master’s dissertation project, your high attention to detail allowed you to streamline some of your experiments or identify potential problems with your data.

Likewise, try to discuss a weakness that won’t be detrimental to your research project. An example of something you would want to avoid would be “I have a tendency to put the hard tasks off until the end until I know I should really start working on them to not miss any deadlines“. Although this may seem like a harmless response, it will seriously concern the interview panel. This is because a model student will need to be consistent in their efforts to meet the challenging workload, even in times of difficulty. As before, follow up your weakness with a plan on how you intend to address it. For example, if you state your weakness as public speaking, a suitable follow up would be to discuss how you would like to work on it by presenting your research to undergraduate students and attending seminars.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

8. Can You Describe a Time You Encountered a Problem or Challenge and How You Approached It?

A key trait of all successful researchers is the ability to overcome problems independently. Given that even a minor problem can derail a research project, it’s important for your project supervisor to know whether you can adequately address them.

Despite what your example may me, try to cover the below three aspects as part of your answer:

Identification – How did you identify the problem? Was a check you had in place triggered or did you stumble upon it naturally?
Deconstruction – How did you break the problem down? Did you identify any assumptions or limitations which could have been associated with it? If so, how?
Overcoming – How did you identify the solution? If you had several solutions, how did you determine the most sensible one? What did you learn from it?

Your example doesn’t need to relate directly to the research programme you’re applying to, however, it should be kept academic if possible. For example, you could discuss a challenge you encountered during your undergraduate dissertation project, such as limited literature on your research topic or inaccurate experiment results.

The key point to remember here is that a supervisor is there to supervise, not to fix all your problems. Not only will they not have the time do to this, but it will directly go against the ethical requirement of ensuring your work is yours and yours alone.

9. What Are Your Career Aspirations?

PhD Interview Questions - Career path and aspirations

Your interviewers will want to see that you’ve considered what you will do after completing your PhD. This is to help them determine what your motivations are and to confirm that you want to enrol onto a PhD for the right reasons. It’s clear that anyone who has thought through their decision will have a long-term plan in mind, even if it’s a handful of well-considered options.

Don’t feel like your answer needs to relate to academia. One of the many benefits of a PhD degree is that it can lead to a variety of career paths. By being open with your true intentions, they can better determine what support and training you’ll require from them.

Despite your long-term goals, research into this and know the route you’d like to take post-PhD. A good understanding of your career plans and how to get there will go a long way in conveying your commitment to the project.

10. How Will You Fund This Project?

The interviewing panel will ask about this if your project is self-funded or conditionally funded (e.g. competitive funding schemes where funding is not guaranteed).

You don’t need to provide a complete breakdown of your savings, nor would they expect you to. The primary concern the interviewers want to address is that you’re fully aware of the costs associated with undertaking a PhD . If you intend to apply for external funding or take on a part-time job, mention this. In doing so, make sure you stress that you will base your part-time work around your PhD and not the other way around. The interviewers want to reassure themselves that you will make your research your top priority throughout the course of your degree.

11. Do You Have Any Questions for Us?

This interview is not only for the supervisors to evaluate you but also for you to evaluate them, the PhD project and University.

Although you will have already researched the position at length, ensure you ask questions when offered to do so. Asking questions will show that you’re engaged and are an individual who likes to make informed decisions. Not asking questions, or not asking well thought-out ones, will send the wrong message.

If you’re wondering what makes a great question, a quick internet search for “What questions should I ask at a PhD Interview?” show’s you’re not alone. Some examples of great questions to ask in a PhD interview are:

Are there any major developments or partnerships planned for the department? – Although this won’t always be the case, the department may be planning to upgrade its research facilities or partner with another leading institution. Asking about this shows you’re genuinely enthusiastic about undertaking influential research.
What are the supervision arrangements? – This is a great way to find out if your expectations match that of your potential supervisors. This can include aspects such as how often the two of you will meet and what level of support they intend to provide.
Will there be any opportunities for teaching within the department? – If you intend to pursue an academic career after completing your research, this will be a brilliant way to show them you’re committed to your long-term plans. Even if you plan on following a different career path, asking will let you know whether there is any opportunity to earn whilst you study.
What opportunities will I have for presenting my research? – This shows you intend to be an active member within your research field. This won’t be great only for your development but will help the university increase its research network and reputation in the wider community.

Other PhD Interview Tips and Advice to Help You Prepare

Format – The format of the PhD interview varies depending on the University. If you’re unsure of what format your upcoming interview will follow, get in touch with the department you will interview with. They should be able to give you an idea about what to expect and how long it will typically last. This knowledge will prove invaluable when preparing for a PhD interview.
Video interview – Some interviews will be conducted as either a phone interview or a skype interview. This is especially true if you’re an international student still within your home country. If so, conduct your interview in a place with a reliable internet connection and a clean backdrop.
Attendance – Usually, your interview will comprise the primary and secondary supervisor. However, sometimes your interview panel can comprise non-technical staff or the Head of Department.
Presentation – You may be asked to prepare a PhD interview presentation if you’re proposing your own research topic . If you’re requested to do this, keep it brief, use at least 80% of the time they permit and base it around your research proposal.
Paperwork – Bring two to three copies of your application form, and if applicable, your research proposal. Although in most cases your interviewers would have bought their own copy, it’s better to be on the safe side.
Etiquette – If you’re unsure of what to wear to a PhD interview, a good general rule of thumb is to wear what you would to a formal job interview. In other words, keep it formal. Additionally, learn how to pronounce the names of the interviewers and any other staff members you may mention beforehand.
Practice – There’s a lot of truth in the old saying ‘practice makes perfect’. You will want to practise as many PhD interview questions as you can. Don’t just limit yourself to the ones discussed on here. Find as many PhD questions as you can and prepare draft answers for all of them. In fact, you don’t even need to limit yourself to questions specifically for PhD students. There are many out there that, although written for generic academic interviews or the job market, will be applicable to you. If you find yourself short on resources, try searching for ‘tell us a time when you…’ in google as these will provide great scenario-based questions you can practise with.

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The PhD Interview – What to Expect and How to Prepare

Written by Mark Bennett

Most PhD applications include an interview of some sort. This allows your university (and perhaps even your prospective supervisor) to discuss the PhD with you in more detail.

They’ll ask questions about your background, goals and project. You may also be required to give a presentation.

On this page you can find out what happens at an interview, including advice on how to prepare for a PhD interview.

You can also read our separate guide for a detailed overview of PhD interview questions (and answers!).

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What happens at a PhD interview?

The format for a PhD interview can vary, depending on your subject area and the circumstances of your application.

You might be in front of a recruitment panel. Or you might just meet your supervisor in the campus coffee shop and chat about your research interests.

This makes it quite difficult to describe a ‘standard PhD interview’.

There’s a bit of a difference between going over the finer points of your MSc thesis before a panel and discussing your favourite historians in a canteen.

But two things unite both formats. Each hinges on a discussion of your academic interests, achievements and goals. And that discussion is important, however it takes place.

Even the most ‘informal’ interview aims to establish this.

Depending on the format for your PhD interview it could involve:

A formal question and answer session in front of a postgraduate recruitment panel.
A presentation , based on your research proposal or area of expertise.
A one-to-one discussion with your prospective supervisor.
An informal lunch with your prospective supervisor, other members of your interview panel and / or current PhD students.
Various ‘orientation’ activities . These might include visits to research spaces and opportunities to chat with staff and students.

PhD interview presentation

Depending on the format of your interview, you may be asked to prepare a presentation on the advertised PhD project or your research proposal.

When you’re invited to an interview, your prospective department will let you know what their expectations are for the presentation. They’ll usually specify:

How long the presentation should be – usually this won’t be any more than 15 minutes
What they want your presentation to cover – for example, your academic background, your research methods, the ‘impact’ of your research
How the presentation should be delivered – this will usually be PowerPoint but you might need to provide supplementary materials for your audience or deliver the presentation remotely over a video call

You’ll normally be speaking before a small committee of staff members, who will ask you questions about your research after the presentation.

PhD interview length

As you can imagine, the length of a PhD interview varies according to its format.

Some interviews involve several components activities, over an entire day. You could greet your panel in the morning, have lunch, visit your department and then sit down for a formal interview.

Or you might just meet your supervisor for coffee and discuss your ideas with them for an hour or so.

You can read more about what to expect in different circumstances and subject areas below.

Interviews for advertised PhD positions

Most PhDs in Science , Medicine and Engineering are specific pre-designed projects , with pre-defined aims and objectives.

They normally take place in a group that’s pursuing broader research objectives, to which your PhD will make a small (but important) contribution.

Such projects may have funding secured in advance (as part of the budget for their laboratory or workshop). Or they may have funding available in principle, confirmed if the project meets certain conditions. (These could include attracting a suitable PhD student!).

Interview goals

An interview for one of these projects needs to ensure that the applicant can complete a specific project. And that they deserve the funding available for it.

Imagine a PhD that involves analysing a specific kind of protein folding. Just being a talented life scientist may not be enough to complete this project. You’d also need to have some knowledge of the proteins in question, as well as the kinds of equipment and techniques required to analyse them.

Or, what about a digital humanities project involving the latent semantic indexing of a periodicals database? A general Masters in literature may not be enough here. You’ll also need to be able to use this kind of database. (And ideally know what latent semantic indexing is).

This isn’t to say that you have to be an expert in your research topic before you begin it. That would defeat the function of the PhD as an academic training exercise.

But you will need to be the kind of student who can develop the necessary skills and expertise in the time available. Your interview is when the university will do its best to make sure of this.

Interview format

An interview for a funded PhD project will be a formal process. The main component will be a question and answer session in front of a designated postgraduate recruitment panel.

This panel will usually involve three or more people. They could include:

Your project supervisor (or supervisors). They will assess your academic and personal suitability for the role.
A member of the university or department’s postgraduate admissions staff . They will normally chair the panel and ensure the interview is properly conducted. This person could also represent any structured PhD programme your project might form part of.
The lead investigator for your prospective research group. This is the academic with overall responsibility for the research your PhD will be part of. Normally they will be your supervisor, but this may not be the case for larger laboratories or departments. If so, they might attend your interview.
A funding representative . If an external body funds your PhD they may have a presence at your interview. This won’t normally be the case for Research Council studentships (which are managed by universities) but it could occur for other organisations.

The bulk of your interview will involve the panel asking you questions and listening to your answers. These will focus on your academic background, research interests and goals. You may also be invited to expand upon parts of your PhD application.

Some interviews may ask you to give a more specific presentation as well as answering questions. This won’t normally be long or complicated. You may be asked to talk through your research proposal in more detail, or provide a summary of a previous research project (such as a Masters dissertation).

Once your panel has finished asking its questions, you will be invited to ask questions of your own . This is an opportunity to show your enthusiasm for the subject whilst also finding out more about it.

Interviews for self-proposed PhD projects

In some subjects, such as the Arts, Humanities and some Social Sciences, pre-defined (and pre-funded) PhD projects are less common.

This isn’t always the case, of course. Arts and Humanities research can involve huge ongoing projects, focussing on the collaborative analysis of vast archives. Many branches of the Social Sciences also undertake long-term data gathering and analysis.

Yet, the majority of PhDs in these areas tend to be original projects, proposed by the student seeking to undertake them.

If this is the case for your project, you will normally apply to a university’s PhD programme , rather than a specific PhD ‘position’.

If accepted, you will have the freedom to do your own independent research. But you’ll benefit from the resources, training and support available within your programme.

Because these projects and their funding aren’t pre-defined, their interviews can be more flexible.

It won’t be necessary to confirm that you have the specific skills needed for a specific project. Or that you are the student most deserving of a designated studentship.

But this doesn’t mean that the interview for a self-proposed PhD is easier than one for an advertised position. If anything, greater scrutiny may be paid to your project proposal and to your suitability for independent research.

The university itself hasn’t identified this research topic. It needs to ensure that the project is viable, that you understand what’s involved in completing it and that you care enough about it to do so.

Interviews for self-proposed PhD projects may be more informal, but this isn’t always the case.

You could still find yourself discussing your application in front of a panel. If so your experience will be like to that outlined for advertised projects, above.

Or, you may simply be invited to chat with your prospective supervisor. This could take place in their office or in an informal setting on campus.

Don’t underestimate the importance of such a meeting. A relaxed interview can seem less serious. Yet the discussion it enables will still play a crucial role in assessing your potential for PhD study.

Your supervisor may not need to assess your suitability for a specific project, but they still need to be sure that you have the knowledge and skills to carry out research in their field.

Equally, there may not be funding available, but your prospective supervisor is still considering investing three years (or more) of their time and effort guiding your project and assisting your development.

Whether you chat with a supervisor or sit before a panel, you can expect to spend some time discussing your research proposal . This may involve formal questions and answers, or it might simply involve ‘talking through’ what you’ve written. Make sure you’re familiar with the contents of that proposal – and ready to expand upon any areas where more detail might be requested.

Other questions may focus on your previous work, on your career goals and your reasons for undertaking a PhD.

Informal interviews are unlikely to include a presentation . However, you may still be invited to talk freely about your academic interests or offer an overview of previous research work.

If there is an opportunity to allocate funding to your project (through a Research Council studentship, or similar) this may be discussed at your interview. In most cases funding is merit-based, so make sure you are prepared to talk up the specific value of your project.

Research proposals

Our guide to writing a research proposal has more detail on how you can make a success of this important part of a PhD application.

Preparing for a PhD interview

Whatever form your PhD interview takes, you should prepare for it carefully. Even a more informal discussion will touch on aspects of your previous work and explore your current research proposal.

Reviewing these materials in advance will allow you to discuss them with confidence.

The following are some good tips on how to prepare for a PhD interview:

Review your research proposal – If you submitted a research proposal as part of your PhD application, make sure you re-familiarise yourself with it. It’s highly likely that you’ll be invited to discuss this document at your interview. Be prepared to talk in more detail about your plans and ideas. You should also be able to back up any claims you have made.
Re-read previous academic work – There’s a good chance your interview will touch on your Bachelors and / or Masters experience. If you are applying for a specified project, this allows the panel to check the relevance of your previous studies. If you are proposing your own project a discussion of your academic background can help reveal the development of your interests and your enthusiasm for the PhD. You won’t be ‘examined’ on any of this prior work, but it can be helpful to refresh yourself.
Read some of your supervisors’ current research – Whatever form your PhD will take, it makes sense to be familiar with what your supervisor is currently working on. This will show that you take the prospect of working with them seriously. Needless to say, it also proves that you understand the nature of the work they do! If you don’t know who your supervisor will be, take a look at some of the research currently being done within your prospective laboratory or department.
Look at other current research in your field – By the same token, it makes sense to have some idea of the current state of academic scholarship in your area. Remember: a PhD needs to be an original piece of research. Make sure you know what’s going to be unique and original about yours. This step is especially important if you’ve taken a break from academia and aren’t up to date on current work in your area.
Check the details of your project or programme – This may seem obvious, but it can be easy to overlook. If you’re applying for an advertised position, make sure you know it inside out. Know what its objectives are. Know who else (other than your supervisor) is involved in the research. Know about any external funders. The same applies to the PhD programme that will ‘host’ a self-proposed PhD. Find out what other research is currently being carried out there. Look up past and present students. Check what training and development is available.
Practice any presentation material – If you’ve been asked to prepare a presentation for your PhD interview, make sure you practice it. This is particularly helpful if you aren’t familiar with public speaking. The interview panel will be supportive and encouraging, but you want to look as confident and capable as possible.

What to wear

Regardless of your interview format, you should pay some attention to your appearance.

Academic workplaces are fairly relaxed on a day-to-day basis, but your PhD interview isn’t too dissimilar from a job application. Show that you’re serious about the opportunity and dress accordingly.

A chat in your supervisor’s office can probably be treated more casually than a formal panel interview, but there’s no harm in erring on the safe side.

What to bring

You won’t necessarily need to bring anything specific to a PhD interview, unless you’ve been asked to.

You may wish to bring copies of previous academic work. It may be appropriate to mark-up key passages for reference during the interview. Or you could simply have the material available to re-read whilst you wait.

If you submitted a research proposal, you should have a copy handy. Your interviewer/s will probably refer to it.

You’ll also need to bring any presentation materials you’ve been asked to prepare. Make sure you have these in a suitable format. The last thing you need at a PhD interview is malfunctioning presentation software.

Finally, a pen and paper won’t go amiss (handy if you want to make notes as a question is asked).

Getting the most out of your PhD interview

This may seem like a slightly odd topic. Sure there’s only one thing you want to get out of a PhD interview: a place on a PhD?

Well, yes and no.

You’ll want to make sure you come across as well as possible during your interview and give a fair impression of your academic potential. Hopefully the advice on this page will help with that.

But the PhD interview isn’t just an opportunity for your university to learn about you. It’s also a unique chance for you to learn about your university.

After all, you’re considering committing a significant amount of time and energy to a PhD with them. And this may be one of the few occasions when you visit the campus and meet staff and students before actually starting your project.

With that in mind, here are a few ways to take advantage of the opportunities a PhD interview offers:

Visit your prospective laboratory or department – You’re going to be spending a lot of time in your university’s academic workspaces, using its facilities. Take the opportunity to look at these whilst you’re on campus. You may find that a brief tour is part of your interview format. If it isn’t, ask if you can have a quick look around – if nothing else, this demonstrates your interest.
Chat to current PhD students – If you do visit your prospective department, take the opportunity to speak to any current PhD students you meet. They’ll be happy to answer questions about what it’s actually like to study at this university (or with this supervisor…).
Explore the campus – This may seem a little trivial, but arriving early and having the time to explore your university can be a nice way to relax before your interview. It could also give you something to chat about later.
Ask good questions – Whatever format your interview takes, you’ll have a chance to ask questions as well as answer them. This is important, because it allows you to show your motivation and engagement with the project or programme. But it’s also a way for you to find out useful things about the university, your supervisor and expectations of you as a student. Make sure you know the right questions to ask .

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What to do before the interview.

It is important to treat the PhD interview like a job interview. Dress smartly and bring two printed copies of your application form. It is also useful to bring your research proposal or your notes on how you will fit into the existing research project. Organise materials neatly so that you can quickly access any information requested, but also commit crucial details to memory—and rehearse.

Do background research on the university, the department, and the academics who will interview you. Prepare several informed questions about their current research and the overall research culture in the department.

Make sure you know where and when the interview will occur and arrive ahead of time. If possible, visit the building in advance. You will feel more at ease if the surroundings are a little familiar.

To avoid embarrassment, try to find out how to pronounce the names of staff members you will meet.

Tell us about yourself.

Include not only your academic background, but your personal motivation—and particularly what motivates you to do in-depth research in this specific field of study.

Why have you applied to do a PhD here?

This is where research can give you an edge. Show that you have chosen this programme/department/university for strong and valid reasons, such as your high regard for named researchers’ work, the availability of specific collections, equipment, or lab resources, and overall reputation. Give concrete examples, not banal generalities.

What can you do for us?

Academics will have to give up a great deal of time to supervise you, most of which they will receive no scheduled hours or recognition for. So, what research skills, personal attributes, connections, theoretical ideas and so on do you have that will make it worth their while? Again, give specific and concrete examples.

What do you think pursuing a PhD will do for you?

If you plan to become an academic, say so, but not in terms of just getting a job—talk about your long-term research plans . If applying to a professional doctorate programme, show that you understand the realistic career impact. Applicants pursuing a PhD towards the end of their career may want to talk about gaining recognition for innovative practice or solving complex issues through research. It is important to showcase your knowledge, motivation, background and commitment at this point.

What skills do you have that make you a good fit for the PhD place you have applied for or for the department?

Tailor your response specifically: Play up your strengths, including any prior research training and experience. Discuss project management skills, leadership skills, interpersonal skills, collaborative working, critical thinking and international experience or understanding.

Tell us about your research project.

If proposing your own topic, over-prepare. Refer to current scholarship and explain how your cutting-edge work will break new ground. If applying to join a project, show that you understand its value and demonstrate that you are the right person to make it happen. Be enthusiastic!

What would you say are your greatest strengths and weaknesses?

Yes, that tired job-interview question will appear here as well. Make sure the strengths you list include examples, and your “weaknesses” are also “strengths”—for example, “sometimes I’m a terrible perfectionist.” It is important to mention and demonstrate how your determination reaps project succession. The panel will want to know that you will persist in completing the PhD. Demonstrate this!

Tell us about a challenge you have overcome in the past.

It’s best to choose a research challenge as your answer: for example, how you handled an issue during your Master’s dissertation such as a disagreement with a supervisor or an issue with ethical approval. If you use a career or personal challenge, show how you used research or project-management skills to solve it.

What do you see as the most important issue/problem in this field today?

This question gives you space to show your knowledge of current research, theory and practice. Use this as an opportunity to showcase your knowledge.

Is there anything you would like to ask us?

This is your chance to show how informed you are and position yourself as an intellectual equal. Be prepared . Be ready.

We hope you found our Top Ten PhD Interview Questions and Answers article useful.

Find your PhD here

More phd tips:.

How To Write PhD Proposals

How to do a Distance Learning PhD at a UK university

Become a Researcher – 5 Skills You Need

PhD Funding – A Checklist of Possible Sources

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1. Introduction

Embarking on a PhD journey is a significant endeavor that shapes one’s expertise and career trajectory. The interview process for a PhD position is a crucial step where candidates showcase their potential as researchers. PhD interview questions are designed to probe not only the depth of a candidate’s knowledge but also their passion, problem-solving abilities, and suitability for the academic community. This article provides insights into the types of questions one might expect and offers guidance on how to articulate your experiences and aspirations effectively.

Navigating PhD Interviews

PhD candidate studying in an ancient library hall

The doctoral interview is a pivotal moment in an academic career. It’s where the aspirant’s dedication to research, ability to withstand rigorous scrutiny, and commitment to contribute to their field come under the spotlight. For institutions, it’s a decisive opportunity to align a candidate’s aspirations with the department’s goals and ethos. Successful navigation of this process hinges on understanding the subtleties of each question, which often delve into past research experiences, ethical considerations, technical abilities, and future ambitions. It is imperative to approach these interviews with a reflective and strategic mindset, as they lay the groundwork for what could be years of collaboration and discovery.

3. PhD Interview Questions

1. can you briefly summarize your phd thesis and its main contributions (research & knowledge).

How to Answer: When answering this question, strive to articulate the essence of your thesis succinctly, highlighting the novel aspects of your work and its significance to the field. Focus on the problem you addressed, your methodology, key findings, and contributions to knowledge or practice. Remember, the interviewer is looking for clarity of thought, the ability to communicate complex ideas simply, and the significance of your work.

Example Answer: My PhD thesis, titled "Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Protein Structure from Genetic Sequences," focused on developing computational models that can accurately predict the three-dimensional structure of proteins based on their amino acid sequences. The main contributions of my work are as follows:

Developed a new algorithm that leverages deep learning techniques to improve prediction accuracy by 15% over existing methods.
Created a publicly available software tool implementing our algorithm, which has been adopted by several research laboratories.
Contributed to the understanding of the relationship between genetic mutations and structural changes in proteins, which has implications for drug design and personalized medicine.

2. How did you choose your PhD research topic? (Motivation & Decision-making)

How to Answer: Discuss your personal interest in the topic, any gaps you observed in the literature, and how your educational and professional background led you to this specific area of study. Be sure to convey your passion for the subject and how your decision-making process was driven by a desire to contribute to the field.

Example Answer: I have always been fascinated by the complexity of biological systems and the potential for computational methods to solve biological problems. During my Master’s, I worked on a project involving protein-ligand interactions, which exposed me to the limitations of current predictive models. I chose my PhD topic to bridge this gap, driven by the potential impact on therapeutic development and a strong belief in the power of machine learning to transform biological research.

3. Describe a significant challenge you faced during your PhD research and how you overcame it. (Problem-solving & Resilience)

How to Answer: Reflect on a particular obstacle that was critical to your research. Explain the steps you took to address the challenge, highlighting your analytical skills, creativity, and perseverance. Demonstrate how you used resources, sought advice, and stayed motivated despite difficulties.

Example Answer: One significant challenge I faced was data scarcity for training my machine learning models. To overcome this, I:

Collaborated with biologists to gain access to unpublished datasets.
Improved data augmentation techniques to enhance the size and diversity of my training data.
Reached out to the research community through conferences and workshops, which led to valuable partnerships and data sharing agreements.

These strategies not only helped me to successfully train robust models but also underscored the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation in scientific research.

4. How do you see your PhD research fitting into the broader context of your field? (Research Impact & Vision)

How to Answer: Connect your research to current trends and debates within your field. Discuss how your findings address a particular need or gap and how they could influence future research, policy, or practice. Show that you are aware of the broader implications and potential applications of your work.

Example Answer: My research addresses a critical bottleneck in the field of computational biology – the ability to predict protein structures rapidly and accurately. It aligns with the recent push towards precision medicine, where such predictions are invaluable for understanding disease mechanisms and developing targeted therapies. I envision my work catalyzing further advancements in drug discovery and contributing to a deeper comprehension of genetic diseases.

5. Discuss a moment when you had to change the direction of your research; how did you adapt? (Adaptability & Critical Thinking)

How to Answer: Describe a specific instance where you encountered evidence or challenges that necessitated a change in your research approach or hypothesis. Detail how you evaluated the situation, considered alternatives, and ultimately made a strategic decision to pivot. Emphasize your flexibility and critical thinking skills.

Example Answer: Halfway through my PhD, I discovered that the protein complex I was studying had an alternative conformation under physiological conditions, which contradicted my original hypothesis. I adapted by:

Conducting a thorough literature review to understand the new conformation.
Redesigning my experiments to study both conformations.
Updating my computational models to account for the structural variability.

This shift not only refined my research focus but also broadened the applicability of my findings, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the protein’s function.

Markdown Table Illustrating the Adaptation Process:

Original Approach	Challenge	Adapted Approach
Single conformation analysis	Discovery of alternative conformation	Dual conformation analysis
Linear modeling techniques	Limited model flexibility	Implementation of non-linear modeling
Focus on static structural prediction	Need for dynamic understanding	Inclusion of protein dynamics studies

6. What are the most relevant techniques or methodologies you’ve mastered during your PhD? (Technical Skills & Expertise)

How to Answer: You should identify the technical skills and methodologies that are most relevant to your field of study and the research you conducted during your PhD. Be specific about the techniques you’ve become proficient in and explain their relevance to your research area. If possible, briefly describe how you have applied these techniques in your work.

Example Answer: During my PhD research, I have mastered several key techniques and methodologies that are particularly relevant to my field of computational biology:

Bioinformatics Analysis: I’ve developed proficiency in analyzing large-scale genomic datasets using tools such as BLAST, Clustal Omega, and R/Bioconductor.
Machine Learning: I have applied machine learning algorithms, including random forests and support vector machines, for predictive modeling and data classification.
Statistical Analysis: I am well-versed in statistical methods for analyzing experimental data, particularly using R and Python’s SciPy and Pandas libraries.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations: For structural biology projects, I’ve conducted molecular dynamics simulations using GROMACS to study protein-ligand interactions.

Each of these methodologies has been crucial for my thesis work, which involves predicting the functional impact of genetic variations in cancer-related genes.

7. How do you approach collaborative projects and what role do you usually take on a team? (Teamwork & Collaboration)

How to Answer: Discuss your approach to working collaboratively, highlighting how you contribute to team projects and the roles you typically assume. Reflect on your interpersonal skills, flexibility, and ability to work with diverse team members. Mention any leadership or supportive roles you’ve taken and how you help achieve the project’s goals.

Example Answer: In collaborative projects, I adopt an inclusive and proactive approach. My role often varies depending on the team’s needs, but I can summarize my typical roles as follows:

Coordinator: I frequently take on the task of organizing meetings, setting agendas, and keeping the team on track with deadlines.
Communicator: I ensure that all team members are on the same page by facilitating open communication and resolving any misunderstandings or conflicts.
Contributor: I actively participate by contributing ideas, carrying out tasks assigned to me, and providing constructive feedback to others.

I value each team member’s input and strive to create an environment where everyone feels comfortable sharing their perspectives. During a recent collaboration with chemists and biologists, my role as a coordinator and communicator was instrumental in the successful completion of our joint publication.

8. Describe a situation where you had to communicate complex information to a non-specialist audience. (Communication Skills)

How to Answer: Reflect on an experience where you had to simplify technical information for an audience without your expertise. Explain how you prepared for this and the strategies you used to ensure that your audience understood the information.

Example Answer: I had the opportunity to present my research at a university-wide symposium, where the audience comprised faculty and students from various disciplines. To effectively communicate my work on gene editing technologies:

I avoided jargon and used analogies related to everyday experiences to explain complex concepts.
I utilized visual aids, such as diagrams and flowcharts, to illustrate the gene editing process.
I encouraged questions throughout the presentation to gauge understanding and address any areas of confusion.

The feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with several attendees expressing a newfound interest in the field of genetics.

9. How do you prioritize tasks and manage your time effectively? (Time Management & Organization)

How to Answer: Discuss your strategies for task prioritization and time management, including any tools or systems you use. Explain how you balance long-term projects with immediate deadlines and how you ensure productivity and meet your goals.

Example Answer: To manage my time effectively, I use the following prioritization strategy:

Urgent and Important: Tasks with immediate deadlines that are critical to my research progress.
Important but Not Urgent: Long-term projects that require consistent effort over time.
Urgent but Less Important: Tasks that require quick attention but have a lesser impact on my overall objectives.
Neither Urgent nor Important: Activities that can be delegated or done during downtime.

Here’s a simple table to illustrate my approach:

Priority Level	Task Type	Example Task
1	Urgent and Important	Experiment deadlines
2	Important but Not Urgent	Writing a manuscript
3	Urgent but Less Important	Responding to emails
4	Neither Urgent nor Important	Organizing files

I use digital tools like Trello for task management and the Pomodoro Technique to maintain focus during work sessions. This system helps me stay organized and on track with my PhD responsibilities.

10. What are the ethical considerations in your research, and how have you addressed them? (Ethics & Professionalism)

How to Answer: Identify the ethical considerations that are relevant to your research area. Explain how you have addressed these considerations, whether through adherence to protocols, obtaining informed consent, or maintaining data privacy. Highlight any ethical approvals or oversight you sought for your research.

Example Answer: The ethical considerations in my research on human genetics include:

Informed Consent: Ensuring that participants are fully aware of the research scope and potential implications before contributing their genetic data.
Data Privacy: Implementing strict protocols for anonymizing and securely storing sensitive genetic information to protect participant confidentiality.
Non-maleficence: Careful experimental design to minimize any risk to participants.

I have addressed these considerations by:

Developing an informed consent process approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
Employing encryption and access control measures for data storage.
Regularly reviewing ethical guidelines and attending training on research ethics.

By adhering to these ethical practices, I maintain the professionalism expected of a researcher and respect the rights and welfare of study participants.

11. How do you keep up with the latest developments in your field? (Continuous Learning & Engagement)

How to Answer: To answer this question, discuss the resources and strategies you use to stay informed about new research, trends, and technologies in your field. Be specific about any journals, conferences, workshops, online platforms, or professional networks you engage with. Demonstrating a proactive approach to learning and staying current will show your commitment to your field of study.

Example Answer: To keep up with the latest developments in my field, I employ several strategies:

Regularly reading academic journals: I subscribe to and read leading journals such as Journal X and Journal Y to stay informed about recent research findings.
Attending conferences and workshops: By participating in annual conferences such as Conference A and workshops organized by Institute B , I can learn from experts and discuss new ideas.
Online platforms and social media: I follow influential figures and organizations in my field on platforms like Twitter and LinkedIn, and I use sites like ResearchGate and Google Scholar to stay abreast of new publications.
Professional networks: I am a member of Professional Society Z , where I engage with peers and attend webinars and local chapter meetings.

12. Have you had any experience with teaching or mentoring? If so, describe how you approach these roles. (Mentorship & Education)

How to Answer: Discuss any experience you have with teaching or mentoring, providing concrete examples. Explain your teaching philosophy or mentoring approach and how you adapt to the needs of different learners. Include any successes or positive outcomes from your experience.

Example Answer: Yes, I have experience with both teaching and mentoring. As a teaching assistant during my master’s program, I led weekly lab sessions and tutored students one-on-one. My approach to teaching is based on three core principles:

Active Engagement: I encourage students to participate actively in their learning through discussions and hands-on activities.
Feedback and Improvement: I provide timely and constructive feedback to help students understand their strengths and areas for improvement.
Adaptability: I adapt my teaching methods to accommodate different learning styles and paces.

In terms of mentoring, I’ve mentored several undergraduates during their research projects. My mentoring style focuses on:

Setting clear goals: We set achievable objectives with timelines to ensure progress.
Building confidence: I emphasize their achievements and help them learn from setbacks.
Encouraging independence: While providing support, I encourage mentees to think critically and develop their own solutions.

13. Explain a paper that you have published or a conference you attended that had a significant impact on your research. (Contribution & Networking)

How to Answer: Select a paper or conference that genuinely influenced your work. Describe the content briefly and explain how it affected your research direction, methodology, or understanding of your field. Mention any collaborations or networks that arose as a result.

Example Answer: I published a paper titled "The Impact of X on Y in Z Conditions," which investigated how variable X affects the process Y under certain environmental conditions. This paper significantly impacted my research as it uncovered a previously unknown interaction between X and Y, which opened up a new line of inquiry in my field.

The paper also led to my collaboration with researchers from other institutions who were investigating similar phenomena. This collaboration resulted in a joint research grant application and the sharing of resources and expertise.

I presented this paper at the Annual Conference of ABC , which allowed me to network with leading experts in my field. The feedback I received during the conference presentations helped refine my subsequent research projects, and the connections made have been invaluable for my professional growth.

14. How do you handle disagreements or criticisms of your research? (Conflict Resolution & Receptiveness)

How to Answer: Express your openness to criticism and how you use it constructively to improve your research. Explain your method for handling disagreements in a professional and productive manner. Showcase your ability to engage in critical discussions without taking feedback personally.

Example Answer: When faced with disagreements or criticisms of my research, I handle them with the following approach:

Listen and Understand: I listen carefully to the criticism to fully understand the concerns and where they are coming from.
Respond Respectfully: I respond to the criticism respectfully, providing evidence and rationale for my research decisions.
Reflect and Assess: I reflect on the feedback to determine if it is valid and how it could potentially improve my work.
Adapt and Implement: If the criticism is constructive, I adapt my research methods or conclusions accordingly.

An example of this is when a peer reviewer questioned the statistical methods used in one of my papers. I reviewed their comments thoroughly, consulted with a statistician, and ultimately adjusted my analysis, leading to a more robust set of results.

15. What are your long-term career goals, and how does obtaining a PhD help you achieve them? (Career Goals & Aspirations)

How to Answer: Outline your long-term career aspirations clearly and discuss how a PhD is instrumental in reaching those goals. Whether your aim is to enter academia, industry, or another field, explain how the skills and knowledge from a PhD will be applicable.

Example Answer: My long-term career goal is to become a leading researcher in the field of computational biology, contributing to advancements in personalized medicine. To achieve this, I aim to work in a research-intensive position, either in academia or the biotech industry. Obtaining a PhD is essential for me to:

Gain Expertise: Develop a deep understanding of computational methods and their application to biological data.
Conduct Independent Research: Learn how to design and carry out significant research projects independently.
Develop a Professional Network: Establish connections with other researchers and professionals in my field.
Enhance Credibility: Earn the credentials necessary to be considered a subject matter expert.

Career Goal	Role of PhD in Achieving Goal
Deepen subject matter expertise	Provides focused and advanced knowledge in computational biology.
Conduct independent research	Equips me with the skills to design and execute comprehensive studies.
Build professional network	Offers opportunities to connect with mentors, collaborators, and peers.
Increase career prospects	Enables access to higher-level research positions in academia or industry.

16. How would you describe your work style and how has it evolved throughout your PhD? (Work Ethic & Personal Development)

How to Answer: When answering this question, focus on the qualities that make your work style effective for research and academic pursuits. Discuss traits such as organization, time management, perseverance, or adaptability, and explain how they have changed or improved over time. You might also want to touch on your collaborative work style if that is relevant to your experience.

Example Answer: My work style is characterized by a blend of rigorous planning and flexibility. I prioritize tasks based on their importance and deadlines, and I have developed a systematic approach to tackling my research. Throughout my PhD, my work ethic has evolved significantly:

Early in my PhD: I followed a strict schedule and often worked in isolation.
As my research progressed: I began to value collaborative and interdisciplinary work more, and adjusted my schedule to accommodate team meetings and brainstorming sessions.
Currently: I balance my independent work with collaborations and maintain a more adaptive approach to my research schedule to incorporate unexpected opportunities or challenges.

17. What techniques do you use to analyze and interpret data in your research? (Analytical Skills)

For this question, discuss the various methodologies and tools you use for data analysis in your field. You could mention statistical software, laboratory techniques, theoretical frameworks, or data visualization tools.

Statistical Analysis: I use software such as R and Python for statistical analysis, employing techniques like regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and Bayesian inference.
Qualitative Analysis: For qualitative data, I use thematic analysis and content analysis, coding the data with the help of tools like NVivo.
Data Visualization: To interpret and present data, I create visualizations using Tableau or the ggplot2 package in R for clear and impactful representation of research findings.

18. Are there any areas in your field that you are particularly passionate about? How do you engage with these areas? (Passion & Initiative)

How to Answer: Discuss the subfields or topics within your area of study that excite you the most. Explain why you are passionate about them and provide concrete examples of how you actively engage with these areas through research, continued learning, or community involvement.

Example Answer: I am particularly passionate about renewable energy technologies within the field of electrical engineering. I actively engage with this area by:

Conducting research: Focusing my dissertation on the efficiency of solar cells.
Networking: Attending conferences and seminars to stay abreast of the latest advancements.
Contributions: Writing articles for industry publications and applying for patents related to my work.

19. How do you manage stress and maintain a healthy work-life balance during demanding periods of your research? (Stress Management & Well-being)

How to Answer: This question assesses your ability to handle pressure and maintain personal well-being. Share strategies that have helped you cope with stress, such as time management, hobbies, exercise, or mindfulness practices.

Example Answer: During demanding periods, I manage stress by:

Prioritizing tasks and setting realistic goals for each day.
Taking regular breaks to avoid burnout, using techniques like the Pomodoro Technique.
Exercising regularly to clear my mind and improve physical health.
Practicing mindfulness and meditation to maintain mental balance.

20. Have you applied for research grants or funding? Can you discuss the process and outcome? (Grant Writing & Fundraising)

When you answer this question, talk about your experience with the funding process, including identifying potential sources of funding, writing proposals, and the results of your applications.

Step	Description	Outcome
Research	I identified potential grants aligned with my research interests.	Shortlisted options
Proposal Writing	Drafted a detailed proposal, including background and methodology.	Proposal submitted
Submission	Submitted the proposal by the deadline with all required documents.	Under review
Review Process	The proposal underwent a peer review by the funding body.	Feedback received
Outcome	I was awarded the grant, enabling me to conduct my research.	Grant awarded

In my experience, I have applied for several research grants and have been successful in securing funding on multiple occasions. The process involved extensive research to find the right fit for my project, careful proposal writing to articulate the significance and methodology of my research, and staying organized to meet submission deadlines. The outcomes have been positive, providing financial support for my research endeavors.

21. Can you give an example of how you’ve incorporated feedback into your research process? (Receptivity & Improvement)

How to Answer : When answering this question, aim to demonstrate your openness to constructive criticism and your ability to use feedback to enhance your research. Describe a specific instance where feedback led to improvements in your work. Explain the nature of the feedback, your response, and the outcome.

Example Answer : In my second year of my PhD, I presented my preliminary findings at a department seminar and received critical feedback from a senior faculty member. The feedback pointed to a potential bias in my methodology which could affect the reliability of my results. Here’s how I incorporated that feedback:

Acknowledged the issue : I acknowledged the possibility of bias and committed to re-evaluating my methodology.
Consulted with my advisor : I discussed the feedback with my advisor to understand the implications and determine the best course of action.
Revised my approach : I modified my experimental design to include a control group, which was previously missing.
Applied the feedback : The revised methodology strengthened my research by reducing bias and increasing the robustness of my findings.
Followed up : I followed up with the faculty member to show how their feedback had been instrumental in improving my research.

This process not only improved my current project but also taught me a valuable lesson about the importance of incorporating diverse perspectives in my research approach.

22. Describe a technical problem you encountered in your research and the steps you took to solve it. (Troubleshooting & Technical Proficiency)

How to Answer : Offer a clear and concise description of a specific technical challenge you faced while conducting your research. Explain the steps you took to diagnose and resolve the issue, showcasing your technical prowess and problem-solving skills.

Example Answer : During my thesis research, I encountered a significant technical problem with data inconsistency in my machine learning model. The model’s performance was fluctuating wildly, which was not expected. Here’s how I addressed the issue:

Diagnosis : I started by reviewing the data preprocessing steps to check for any errors. I discovered that the data normalization process was being inconsistently applied.
Solution Development : I wrote a Python script to automate and standardize the normalization process across all data sets.
Testing : After implementing the new script, I retrained the model and found that the performance became stable and improved.
Documentation : I documented the issue and the fix in the project’s code repository to help future researchers avoid the same problem.

The resolution of this problem was critical to the success of my project, and it underscored the importance of thorough data preprocessing in machine learning research.

23. How do you approach setting goals and milestones in your research projects? (Project Management & Strategic Planning)

How to Answer : When discussing your approach to setting goals and milestones, focus on your ability to plan effectively and manage your time. Explain how you prioritize tasks, estimate the time required for each phase, and how you monitor progress.

Example Answer : I approach setting goals and milestones in my research with a strategic plan that includes the following steps:

Objective Identification : Define the overall objective of the research project.
Task Breakdown : Break down the objective into smaller, manageable tasks.
Prioritization : Prioritize tasks based on their importance and dependencies.
Milestone Planning : Establish clear milestones for each phase of the project.
Timeline Creation : Develop a timeline with estimated durations for tasks and milestones.
Regular Reviews : Conduct regular review meetings to assess progress and make adjustments if needed.
Documentation : Keep detailed records of the planning and progress for future reference.

By following this structured approach, I ensure that my research projects stay on track and that I can make informed decisions when faced with unforeseen challenges.

24. Have you engaged in any interdisciplinary research, and how do you navigate the challenges that come with it? (Interdisciplinary Skills)

How to Answer : If you have experience with interdisciplinary research, talk about the nature of the collaboration and the disciplines involved. Focus on the skills and strategies you employ to overcome communication barriers and integrate different methodologies.

Example Answer : Yes, I have been involved in an interdisciplinary research project that combined computational biology and bioinformatics with clinical research. The challenges and my strategies were as follows:

Communication : I ensured clear communication by establishing a common vocabulary and using visual aids during discussions.
Respect for Expertise : I acknowledged and respected the expertise of collaborators, which facilitated mutual learning.
Integration of Methods : I worked closely with the team to integrate computational models with clinical data, ensuring compatibility and relevance.
Flexibility : I remained flexible and open to adapting my approach based on the input from various disciplines.

Through these efforts, our team was able to successfully merge distinct perspectives and create a more comprehensive and insightful research outcome.

25. What motivates you to pursue a career in academia or industry after your PhD? (Motivation & Career Planning)

How to Answer : Reflect on your personal and professional aspirations, and what draws you to a particular career path. Be honest about your motivations, whether it is the pursuit of knowledge, the desire to make an impact, or the drive for innovation.

Example Answer : My motivation for pursuing a career in academia after my PhD is driven by my passion for research and my commitment to contributing to the advancement of knowledge in my field. Here are specific reasons that motivate me:

Passion for Teaching : I want to inspire and mentor the next generation of researchers through teaching.
Research Autonomy : Academia offers the freedom to pursue research questions that I find most compelling and impactful.
Collaborative Environment : I thrive in the collaborative atmosphere of a university, where I can work with colleagues across different disciplines.
Lifelong Learning : An academic career provides continuous opportunities for learning and intellectual growth.

Each of these factors aligns with my personal goals and professional aspirations, making academia an ideal setting for my post-PhD career.

4. Tips for Preparation

To ensure you’re well-prepared for a PhD interview, start by thoroughly reviewing your own research, publications, and the scope of your field. Familiarize yourself with the latest trends and debates within your discipline and be ready to discuss how your work contributes to these areas.

Brush up on both your technical expertise and soft skills, as you might be asked to demonstrate your knowledge through problem-solving scenarios or to communicate complex ideas succinctly. Reflect on your leadership experiences, teamwork capabilities, and how you’ve handled challenges in the past.

5. During & After the Interview

In the interview, present yourself confidently and authentically. Interviewers look for candidates who can articulate their research clearly and show enthusiasm for their work. Be engaged, ask thoughtful questions, and demonstrate your interest in the role and the institution.

Avoid common pitfalls such as being overly verbose, failing to answer the question directly, or showing inflexibility in your thinking. Prepare some insightful questions to ask the interviewer about the program or position, as this can show your genuine interest and proactive nature.

Post-interview, it’s prudent to send a thank-you email to express your appreciation for the opportunity. This small gesture can leave a positive impression. Typically, institutions inform candidates of the next steps or decisions within a few weeks, but it’s acceptable to politely inquire about the timeline if it wasn’t discussed.

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Dos and don’ts of a phd interview.

Studying for a PhD is an amazing academic achievement, as well as serious time commitment , and it's certainly not one for the faint-hearted. Once you've decided to embark on this academic path, your PhD interviewer needs to be sure that you are able to rise to the challenge and are academically capable of achieving this ultimate goal. And the PhD interview is how they assess your potential for a place on the program when applying for a PhD .

Your PhD interview will consist of questions that will enable your potential supervisors to get to know you better and have an understanding of what you’d like to study, why you’ve chosen your field of study, and whether you’d be a good fit for the PhD program.

This interview will also give you the opportunity to ask questions about the program and the university to make sure it’s the place you’d like to study.

Here, we've compiled a list of dos and don'ts of a PhD interview from the interviewer's perspective, to hopefully guarantee you success when answering the PhD interview questions and thus beginning your Doctorate journey.

PhD interview questions to help you prepare

Your interviewers will ask a range of different questions in order to determine whether you will be let into the PhD program . They will ask different types of questions to get an idea of who you are, what your interests are, and how much of an asset your research will be to the university.

General PhD interview questions

One important aspect of the PhD interview is for the interviewers to get a good idea of who the interviewee is.

They will do this by asking a series of questions that are more general to try and get a sense of your likes and dislikes, and your overall personality. These opening questions could be viewed as ‘warm up questions’ and are likely to also include questions and discussions about your academic history, reasons why you are interested in your particular research topic, and why you’re studying a PhD.

Example questions could include:

What is your academic background?
Describe your personal qualities?
What sets you apart from the other candidates?
What are your strengths and weaknesses?

The PhD interviewer will ask you questions about your motivation to study a PhD, which you should find straightforward to answer as you clearly have a keen interest and knowledge in a particular research topic to be considering studying it at PhD level. Now all you need to do is illustrate to the interviewer why you are the right person for this PhD at their university.

The first way to do this is to go into detail about your personal motivations for studying a PhD. Do you have a historical or family link with this topic? Was it an area you covered in your bachelors degree that you now want to explore further? Are you destined for a career in academia?

Another thing you should demonstrate in your PhD interview is what experience you’ve had either academically, personally or in the workplace that has strengthened your passions for your research.

It is also important to show that you have researched the university, the supervisor and your project. If many universities offer this particular PhD course, then why did you choose this specific one? Do they have resources that will be useful? Is there a supervisor you’d like to work with?

Example questions that you can expect to receive at this stage in your PhD interview could include:

Why are you motivated to pursue a PhD and why in this specific field?
Why did you choose this university?
Why did you choose this program?
Tell us about a time you experienced a setback

Relevant experience

Your PhD interviewer will be interested in any relevant experience you have to qualify you to study this PhD. Use your answers to draw attention to your specific qualifications that may not be obvious from your CV or project. Discuss other courses that you’ve taken, past research, etc. Use this time to reassure your prospective supervisor that you have the skills and experience needed to undertake a doctorate.

Consider what is the critical knowledge and skills needed for this project and explain to the interviewer how you meet these.

Don’t just summarise your CV as the interviewer has already seen this. They will want to see your passion and motivation for your research project.

Example questions they may ask at this stage could be:

What experience do you have that makes you suitable for this particular PhD and in what ways?’
Why should we choose you?

Your PhD project

Interviewers will want to know that students understand their project and the research involved in successfully studying a PhD.

You should be prepared to discuss your project idea in detail and demonstrate to the interviewer that you are the ideal candidate. For example, you should explain that you understand the current gaps in knowledge around your topic and how you propose to fill these gaps. Show that you know what your aims and objectives are and how your efforts will contribute to the research field.

Here are some example questions to help you discuss your PhD project:

How are you planning to deliver your project on time?
What will you do if you do not find the expected results?
What difficulties would you expect to encounter during this project?
How did you develop this proposal?

Future ambitions

It’s important for students to know where their work may lead them. Knowing how a PhD will help achieve this, and articulating these aspirations to the interviewer, will give the interviewer a better picture of the student’s goals.

If the goal is to have an academic career, use this as an opportunity to show the interviewer that you understand the academic career path.

An example question at this stage could be:

How will this PhD open the door for future ambitions and aspirations?

Your own questions

As well as being properly prepared to answer questions about your PhD proposal, it is also important to ask your own questions to the interviewer to make sure that this is the university and PhD program that you’re looking for.

Example questions that you could ask a potential supervisor could include:

Are you likely to remain at the university for the duration of my PhD program?
Are there good links within a specific industry/work field for your post-PhD career?
How many PhD students to you supervise at one time?
How much contact time am I likely to get?

PhD interview questions: DOs

"Brand" yourself. Show your personality . We must remember you for something besides your academic skills.
Be confident and sure of your abilities, but don’t be overconfident. You are not the best in everything that you do, so don't pretend you are!
If we ask you a witty question, reply with a witty answer.
All PhD interviews are different. Be flexible when preparing for your interview and don’t take anyone’s advice as definite, instead use it to build upon.
Avoid simple yes or no answers.
Show that you are an independent and original thinker by engaging in debate and supporting your arguments with reasonable statements. However, always be polite and argue without insulting us.
Be professional. Professionals can find the right measure between being serious and being informal.
Show that you care about what you want to study and about what we do, and don’t be interested in our PhD program just to get the title.
Research what we do. We don’t want to talk to someone who knows nothing about our work.

PhD interview questions: DON’Ts

Don’t undermine the importance of ‘soft’ general questions like “Where do you see yourself in future?” or “What is motivating you to do the PhD?”
Don’t be passive in communication. We are interviewing you, but you are also interviewing us.
Don’t give too general answers. Be specific and to the point because that will show us that you are not feigning but you know what you are talking about.
Don’t get nervous if you think the interview is not going well. In many cases this is just your personal impression, which may be wrong.
Don’t come dressed as if you just woke up – make an effort!
Don’t talk jargon. It is not very likely that we were born in the same place or have the same background, so we may not understand what you are saying.
Don’t try to pretend that you are someone you're not. We don’t like pretentiousness and can usually see straight through it.
Don’t try to be too funny. We may have a different sense of humour than you do, especially if you come from a different culture.
Don’t become too emotional during the PhD interview. Enthusiasm is good but not if it’s exaggerated, then it becomes quite off-putting.

Summary of PhD interview questions

This table shows some examples of different categories of questions you might enounter at a PhD interview.

	Your academic background, personal qualities, what sets you apart from the other candidates, etc.
	Why are you motivated to pursue a PhD and why in this specific field? Why did you choose the university?
	What experience do you have that makes you suitable for this particular PhD and in what way?
	How are you planning to deliver your project on time? What if you don’t find the expected results?
	How will this PhD open the door for your future ambitions and aspirations?
	At the end of each interview your interviewers will usually encourage you to ask them questions of interest to you.

Applying For A PhD

How To Prepare For A PhD Viva

Are You Ready For A PhD?

How To Get The Most From Your PhD Supervisor

Common PhD Myths

Alphabet of PhD Study

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Graduate School

120 Common and Difficult Graduate School Interview Questions

Including expert answers to help you prepare.

In this blog, you will see some of the most common and some of the most difficult or tricky graduate school interview questions candidates often face in interviews. These are the kinds of questions you likely already have in mind, and to which you have hopefully given some thought already, especially when you prepared your other materials such as your graduate school resume and graduate school cover letter . For those more difficult questions, we’ll provide some discussion about the question and an expert response.

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Listen to the blog!

Article Contents 21 min read

Types of graduate school interview questions, “the process of preparing for graduate school interviews can be both very arduous and anxiety inducing. through bemo not only was i able to quell my anxiety, but i was also able to establish a baseline through which i can improve on any weaknesses come interview day. additionally, their mock interviews truly help with getting you (as the prospective student) acclimated to the environment in order to be even more prepared for the whole process.” - anonymous, bemo student.

Similar to how there are graduate programs that don’t require GRE , not all graduate programs require an interview, but – increasingly – many programs are making an interview a part of their graduate program requirements .

If you’re applying to a graduate program, ranging from a master’s in social work and master’s in psychology to the easiest PhD programs to get into , you may face an interview, and you need to be prepared for the kinds of questions you may be asked, such as “ why do you want to do a PhD? ”.

While you should feel comfortable enough to speak in a collegial way with your interviewer(s), you still need to be attentive to the fact that you are being evaluated at all times. With that said, bear in mind that making it to the interview stage for a graduate program means that they’re likely looking for reasons to keep you, rather than reasons to exclude you. Your application materials, such as your graduate school statement of purpose or your PhD motivation letter have gotten you this far, but the last step is your interview. Nikki, who got into a top-tier graduate program in California described the entire graduate school application process as “it's a ton of paperwork; it's a lot of questions you weren't expecting to answer; and it's a lot of writing.”

So while your writing has piqued the review committee’s attention, now, they want to see if you’re as awesome as you seem on paper – that is, if you’re both someone with promising ideas and someone they’ll be interested in bringing into their departmental community; and that can only be done through an interview But as Nikki said, there are many graduate school interview questions that you might not expect to be asked, and you have to be able to know the different types of questions commonly asked in graduate school interviews, as having an idea of what to expect will allow you to put your best self forward on interview day.

“I practiced answering common interview questions. I also prepared explanations of my past experiences and why they made me a good fit for the lab as well as the program overall. I also did some research into the program so I could highlight why I was interested in York specifically.” - Christina Lapytskaia, MA, PhD

Graduate school interview question #1: tell me about yourself.

This is almost certainly the most common interview question, regardless of where or to what you are applying. This question can and will appear in any professional interview. For example, you can check out sample answers we provide for " Tell me about yourself " medical school interview, " Tell me about yourself” residency interview , and even “ tell me about yourself” nursing school interview . Truly, this is the most common, but nevertheless nerve wracking question out there. In general, you want to think of this as your “opening statement”, the introduction to the story of you as an aspiring grad student.

But I knew I would need to scale up at some point and develop more skills as a filmmaker. That\u2019s when I decided to pursue undergraduate studies in film. Throughout that experience, I worked with other students who were interested in all different aspects of filmmaking: production, acting, cinematography, film history, screenwriting, and others. . Having a Bachelor of Arts degree in film studies was great for my resume and burgeoning reputation as an emerging creator, but I knew what I was lacking was a more robust learning experience in film history, theory, and analysis. . It\u2019s been a difficult road, but I\u2019ve been slowly building myself up as a creator. I believe that as I continue to develop my knowledge and understanding of film from a philosophical perspective, I can have a fulfilling career as a filmmaker\/critic. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab1" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #2: Why Our School/Program?

“find out in advance who you will be interviewed by - is it the head of the program or a mix of students and professors this will help you determine how to prepare and anticipate what kinds of questions may be asked and what you should discuss. the second tip would be to research the school and the program. what is the school known for what is the program known for once you know the answers to these questions, determine what relevant experience you have, either through work, academics, extracurricular, or volunteering, that you can use as content to showcase how the skills and experiences you have align with that of the school and the particular program you are applying to. lastly, avoid statements that are vague and uninformative to showcase alignment, such as stating 'i love research' or 'i have a passion for learning'. instead, showcase your 'love for research' or your 'passion for learning' through personal examples/stories that demonstrate how you are motivated to pursue research etc. this will make you stand out compared to other applicants.” - megan aoki, phd.

As Megan says, in responding to this question, you need to be specific. You need to think about questions, such as, what is it about the curriculum at that school that fits your own learning style or needs? What faculty member(s) would you like work with, and why do you want to work with them? Do you have a potential supervisor in mind? And, if so, have you reached out to them yet, to ensure they’re taking on students and interested in your intended course of study? Note: if you haven’t done this by the time you get the invitation to interview, then you need to do so prior to the interview, if at all possible!

I believe that while theory and practical knowledge are important aspects of a robust education for this particular discipline, it\u2019s perhaps just as important to have experience applying concepts to real-world issues in the community and worldwide. The University of Toronto Master of Environment and Sustainability has a strong emphasis on research, as well. With one of my biology professors, I participated in an a few field biology experiences; on one particular expedition, we collected samples and data concerning mottled duskwings, a medium-sized butterfly native to the geography. It\u2019s always been important to me that my education emphasizes experience and practical application, especially in a field such as environmental studies. With collaborative specializations in Environment and Health, I expect to acquire a more holistic perspective on environmental issues with a better approach to solutions, at the University of Toronto in this program. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab2" template="BlogArticle">

“My interview prep would include researching the program, practicing responses to common questions, and ensuring I could eloquently articulate my academic and research experiences. Also, I would engage in practice sessions with mentors, including graduate students with who I collaborated and worked with. Additionally, I would seek advice from my professors to enhance my preparedness for addressing specific questions.” - Celia Ferrag, PhD, University of Toronto

Up to this point, you’ve probably been thinking more about what you, as a student, will “get” from the institution (in terms of funding, research support or resources, work in a lab or as a TA, scholarly mentors, how to transition from academia to industry , and how to find industry jobs after PhD etc.). At this stage of your education, however, you must realize that the institution will get a lot out of you, as well. They will benefit from the research you do, the teaching work you will likely have to do, etc. So, what new, exciting ideas are you bringing with you? What can you offer them that others may not be able to offer (or, at least, not in the same ways as you)?

If I am accepted into your program, I want to be one of those students who can support their classmates. Collaboration in math is perhaps an underappreciated element; but for me, it is an integral component. In the primary research areas being vehemently explored at Waterloo, including carbon nanotubes and fluid mechanics, my collaborative spirit and enthusiasm will motivate students to work together to move research forward. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab3" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #4: Why Are You Interested in This Field?

“my interview with gautham pulagam was an extremely pleasurable experience. he not only helped me discover what i need to do to better myself, but he offered examples and tasks to do so. his help along with all the other people at bemo has been crucial in helping me develop my interview and writing skills. he was extremely helpful, and made me feel welcome because he remembered reading my personal statement from what i said during the mock interview. overall, it was a pleasant experience and i would recommend his help to anyone attempting to get into grad school.” - thomas w., bemo student.

Whatever graduate program you’re pursuing, you need to have specific reasons for why you are following this particular path. You love the field? Great! What do you love about the field? WHY do you love those specific things about the field? What do studies in this area offer you that you can’t find in other disciplines? Answering these questions will give you the best answer to “Why are you interested in this field?”

And if you’re nervous about this question – don’t be. You inadvertently already answered this question in your graduate school statement of purpose or your grad school career coals statement. This time, you will simply need to articulate your interest verbally. Make sure to use examples of events and experiences that showcase that you took all the necessary steps to be certain in your field of choice.

I think that there are many ways that education could be improved in terms of inclusion and diversity. I think it\u2019s also important to acknowledge what education on various levels does well and strive to uphold these practices. Traditional methods used in our classrooms and lectures can truly empower students from all different backgrounds, but we also need to work on diversifying the methods we use to address a variety of student populations. From experience, I know that classroom settings can either alienate or promote self-realization and unification. I want to deepen my knowledge of the relationship between education and society with a focus on equity and social justice. My goal is to become an educator, so I know it will be important to integrate a variety of perspectives on these issues so I can embody a message of inclusion in the classroom. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab4" template="BlogArticle">

"The most common issue I encountered when I interviewed prospective graduate students (especially for a master’s program) is the lack of interest and clear goals in pursuing grad school. Some students apply to master’s as a placeholder for other professional programs (medicine, dentistry, vet, pharmacy, nursing, etc.) until they get in. This is sometimes apparent in interviews when a student’s goals do not align with pursuing graduate school (i.e. they are not interested in academia or industry). I have heard this answer too many times and it should be avoided: 'I am not entirely sure what I want to do in the future, and I truly believe this lab is a good avenue to explore whether or not I like research'. Even if this is the case, it was always a red flag to interviewers about their seriousness or commitment.” - Reem Sabry, MSc, PhD

If you’re hoping to do a PhD, it is important to be able to articulate why doing a PhD, specifically, is the right choice for you, your priorities, and your goals. Remember, the interviewers will most likely have reviewed your research resume and other application materials, so they know what you are capable of academically. Try to give them a larger picture of what a PhD will mean for your career and personal goals. Most importantly, remember to indicate what the school or the program possess that would allow you to achieve your PhD ambitions.

I have many goals with my research; but I think my central purpose in wanting to obtain a PhD at this particular institution is to gain access to the research institute connected with your school. Many formidable contributions to the growing body of research have been made within those walls, from causal interference models to AI and AI in public health. The abundant opportunities to collaborate and work with some of these eminent researchers is my primary attraction to this program. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab5" template="BlogArticle">

Here are some tips on getting into graduate school!

Graduate school interview question #6: where else are you applying.

This is a difficult question because you need to be honest, but you also need to be able to demonstrate why this particular institution would be a top choice for you. They want to be fairly certain that you’ll accept an offer, if it’s extended; at the same time, you need to cover your own bases and apply to multiple schools, if that’s what’s right for you (though we don’t recommend casting an overly-wide net with applications). This is why your answer should speak to elements you really value in any program, such as curriculum, research opportunities, faculty, teaching opportunities, and so on. So rather than focusing on specific schools and what they offer, focus your answer on why you applied to certain schools, including the one where you are interviewing.

When I looked for graduate school programs, I mostly focus on scholarship and research opportunities, as well as the faculty I had a chance to work with. In addition to this program, I have also applied to X school and Y school, both of which have excellent programs and scholarship opportunities in-line with my interests. That said, this school would be one of my top choices, particularly because of the work Dr. Singh is doing in his [Research Lab]. I\u2019ve corresponded with Dr. Singh about his current initiative, and found that our interests overlap considerably, and he responded favorably when I asked if he might consider supervising my project, if I am accepted. I am up-to-date on his work and have been following it for some time now; working with him as I complete my degree would be ideal, due to my interest in this particular area. While I need to spend some time familiarizing myself with the wider field and theoretical resources, which will happen during my coursework, I already have some ideas of independent research I could possibly do, branching off of the work he\u2019s done already. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab6" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #7: What Do You See as the Major Trends in Your Field of Study?

While it’s not expected that you will be an expert in the field at this point, you do need to demonstrate that you’re engaging the literature, that you’re pursuing the ideas in this area of scholarship, and that you’re doing these outside of and beyond your standard coursework. Those who do the bare minimum aren’t generally well-suited for graduate school. In undergraduate studies, you’re gaining exposure to a wide range of ideas, but you only take the very first steps down the specialization process in your final year or two of undergrad. Graduate school is a whole different beast – graduate school is as different from undergraduate as undergrad was from high school.

Wearable technologies are also rapidly developing innovations. ReWalk is perhaps one of the best examples. ReWalk allows patients with spinal injuries or injuries preventing them from being able to walk to stand and move using motors at the hip and knee; these devices are equipped with gravity sensors that the patient can use to steer and direct themselves with weight distribution. ReWalk is the first of probably many exoskeletons to get FDA approval for personal use. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab7" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #8: Can You Explain Your Research (or Research Interests) in a Way that Would be Comprehensible to Non-Specialists?

“when i interviewed to do my master’s and my phd in a specific lab under two different faculty members, i started by reading their research. i read at least 2 most recent publications for that faculty member. i also created a list of my personal experiences that could be relevant to their research. i focused on technical lab skills as this is a common question if you are joining a wet lab. lastly, i practiced the most common interview questions (tell me about yourself and tell us your weaknesses.)” - reem sabry, msc, phd.

Ensure you can break down key concepts, unpack complex jargon, and explain the things you’ve done as if you were speaking to someone with no specific knowledge in the area. While you’ll likely learn additional methodologies and approaches as part of your graduate education, you still need to be able to discuss your own work and interests, demonstrate the skills and competencies you’ve already started polishing, and stir your listener’s interest by demonstrating both enthusiasm and nuanced, trenchant consideration of the field and the contributions you’d like to make to scholarship (broadly defined – inside and outside of academe).

In my developments on this topic, I make the case for what some have called a \u201cproto-racist\u201d conception of ancient Greek racism and discrimination. I don\u2019t believe that there is much evidence, as it stands, to suggest that the ancient Greeks were discriminating against discrete groups of people who would\u2019ve assumed a \u201cWhite\u201d identity, put in our modern terms. They did, for instance, attribute to groups a common characteristic that weren\u2019t biologically determined, yet were influenced by external factors. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab8" template="BlogArticle">

Here's some advice on writing your research resume:

Graduate School Interview Question #9: What is Your Research Interest?/What Are You Hoping to Research?

At first glance, this may not seem like a difficult question. Indeed, it may be one of the most obvious. However, at the stage of applying to graduate school, you will likely not have a clear research agenda yet, and that’s okay! As well, even if you do have a clear research agenda, it will almost certainly change before you finish your degree, as that is – quite simply – just the nature of research at this level.

The good thing is that your interviewer knows all of this. They know you’re not a grad student – yet. They know you’re not an expert – yet. So, come in with a clear idea of where you think you want to go with your education, but don’t panic if you can’t hand in a detailed research plan – yet. Be as specific as you can, and demonstrate why these ideas matter to you. On the other side of things, don’t come in with some grand plan that you think will shake the discipline to the core with its revolutionary ideas. So, do bring a good dose of humility with you into the interview.

For my undergraduate thesis under Dr. Koenig at XYZ University, I was able to draw on Dr. Stevenson\u2019s theories to explore the 2016 Standing Rock protests and media\/social media response, a project that allowed me to respectfully approach members of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe for an interview, to better understand what they saw happening in this historical event and the popular support shown on major social media sites, like Facebook. The ways in which a history that, at the time, seemed to me rather far in the past, was seen as immediately relevant \u2013 a symbol of a larger struggle that has been teeming for centuries \u2013 was eye-opening for me. I want to understand this more deeply and explore the ways in which contemporary social media similarly collapses boundaries between past and present. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab9" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #10: If You Could, Would You Change Anything About Your Academic Experience so Far?

Academia is a social sphere, and there are alliances, cliques, and gossips, as there are in any social sphere. You don’t want to speak poorly of one professor, only to find out that they are close colleagues with your interviewer. So, if that thing you’d change has to do with the institution, avoid naming names and discuss why the issue was concerning or disruptive enough to leave you wishing it were different, and explain how you succeeded despite this. Turn it into a positive conversation about what you’ve overcome.

At my undergraduate institution, we were a rather small department. While I immensely value the education I received, the courses I took, and the professors who supported me, the diversity of perspectives was not as expansive as I wish it could have been. I was exposed to many different ideas and perspectives, and these were certainly present among our faculty, but with only 5 core professors, I was limited in terms of the specific guidance I was able to receive. That said, my professors were incredibly encouraging, and two of them put me into contact with colleagues at other institutions, whose ideas they thought I might appreciate. We corresponded by email, and they sent me some of their syllabi and reading lists, which added supplemental material to the courses I was already taking. Although a wide diversity of perspectives wasn\u2019t available to me on campus, my mentors were able to point me to resources that helped me expand my interests and follow what captured my attention. I look forward to the day when I\u2019m presenting at conferences, so that I can meet these scholars and thank them in person \u2013 I don\u2019t know if they realize just how important their insights were in fostering my passion to continue my studies. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab10" template="BlogArticle">

Still working on your statement of purpose for graduate school? Here are some tips:

Graduate School Interview Questions: Personal

Graduate school interview question #11: how do you deal with failure/disappointment.

Asking about uncomfortable things from our life history – failures, limitations, weaknesses – is very common in any interview. The purpose is generally two-fold: to see how you handle being asked about such things in a high-pressure situation (because we all just LOVE talking about our failures, right?!), and to see how you approach such “negatives”. It is very important that you reflect on such questions in advance, and do some probing to gain insights into who you are, how you’ve grown, and how you overcame such drawbacks. It is, quite frankly, inevitable that we will all fail at some point, we all have limitations and weaknesses, but what we do with all of these matters. If you can view these as mere bumps on the longer path to success, and focus on what you’ve learned when confronted with your own limitations or failures, then you’ll be able to navigate a touchy question like this one successfully , like our admissions expert Dr. Thais Lavangolli, PhD, did:

“I think the hardest question I had at that time was about describing a situation that I failed. I was afraid to come across unprepared or that I didn’t have the skills required to succeed in their program. I didn’t have much experience with interviews or how to address this type of questions, so I remember that I panicked for a moment until I was able to focus on an effective answer that showed that everyone can make mistakes, but it is important to be able to recognize them and improve from there.” – Dr. Thais Lavagnolli, PhD, Imperial College of London

If asked to give examples of personal limitations , again, be honest. Do not try to sneak in a “weakness-that’s-really-a-strength” – interviewers can see right through it, and it comes off feeling cliché, at best. Have you historically had poor time management? Say so. Do you have a hard time saying “no” to others? Tell them. Are you someone who is not naturally inclined toward organization? Confess. But, in all of these cases, do not simply leave it at that! Tell them how you are working past (or how you have worked past) such limitations. Poor time management? How do you stay on top of your school and other work, and how will you continue to do so as a graduate student? Uncomfortable saying “no”? What have you done to start creating boundaries, so that you won’t be overwhelmed? Disorganized? What systems have you put in place to manage your data? Show them you won’t just shrug your shoulders when you face adversity – even when the source of it is you yourself!

I realized, after some reflection, that my expectations needed recalibration. As a first-time writer seeking representation, I needed to understand that it was unlikely to get published without any prior experience or credentials. So, during my undergraduate studies, I joined a writer\u2019s club. With a group of motivated writers from all different experience levels, we critiqued each other\u2019s work and discussed technique, style, and how to develop strong pitch materials. At the same time, I was volunteering as an editor for the school literary journal. I was reading submissions and making recommendations to the senior editor about what I thought would be good material to publish. I was learning to deal with my disappointment by using it to motivate improvement, in a more productive scientific manner. I had my first short story published in a mid-tier magazine. It was one of the most rewarding feelings. Failure is all about perspective; if you use it productively, you can turn it into something positive. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab11" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #12: What is Your Most Significant Accomplishment?

If you’re applying to a graduate program, you likely have significant accomplishments – academic, but probably personal, as well. That’s awesome! You should absolutely talk about this in the interview, of course! But, a word of caution: Be Humble – especially if you choose to talk about academic achievement. Your accomplishments are valid and worthy and you should absolutely be proud of them. However, you’re about to enter an arena where everyone is at least as accomplished as you are. You may be used to being at the top of every list, but now, you’re going to be working with all the other #1s, as well as the people who rank such lists. A dose of humility is always welcomed. Remember, the people interviewing you are looking at you as a future colleague. Graduate school is – ideally – more about working collaboratively and collegially with your peers and professors than it is working for your profs in undergrad. Along with evaluating your academic bona fides, they also want to ensure that you’re a person they’d like to see every day , as our admissions expert Vicky Cerdeira, MSc, points out:

“Don’t be robots. They want to see passion, and not scripted answers. You want to showcase that you are thinking, and that you are capable of applying your knowledge about life (and science) in and outside of the program. So let other people see how excited you get about the subject/program/research, while also highlighting your accomplishments. Be yourself, and never lie (to yourself and to others).” – Vicky Cerdeira, MSc, Université du Québec à Montréal

But the road didn\u2019t stop there. We faced some of the best teams in the region on our way to the finals. I wasn\u2019t the best player on the team, but I did my best to motivate everyone with hard practice and pre-game speeches. We were the underdogs. When we won, I almost couldn\u2019t believe it. It was an incredible feeling to be able to lead a struggling team to victory, to prove that I could be a strong voice for the team and motivate us out of defeat. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab12" template="BlogArticle">

We are seeing mental health crises in many facets of society, and academia is included in this. The pressure of graduate school is immense and virtually indescribable to those who haven't gone through it.

It’s all a lot to deal with, and it can be mentally trying, even in good times. Depression and anxiety are common. Every year, graduate students abandon their studies under the weight of it all, and some – particularly those with pre-existing struggles with mental health – are driven past the point of no return. Even those who seem “strong” or “okay” may be hurting far more than they may let on.

As such, the push toward a mental wellness model in academia is underway, but it’s slow-going. You need to demonstrate during the interview that you are realistic about the immense pressure you will be under, and that you have coping strategies in place to handle such stressors. As such, do not demonstrate any behaviors that can be construed as signs of stress or anxiety, as our admissions expert Dr. Megan Aoki, PhD, says:

“Generate a positive impression from the start of your interview through your body language (posture, eye contact, warm expression). With this in mind, avoid the following in your non-verbal communication: folding in on yourself, constant downward gaze instead of eye contact, fidgeting, playing with hair, intense eye contact (be natural about it), rigid posture, etc. These behaviors convey information to the interviewer that could be perceived as a lack of confidence or inability to handle stress. Therefore, it is important to think about the impression you want to leave. Think about using your non-verbal communication to establish a good first impression that you reiterate then with your verbal responses.” - Dr. Megan Aoki, PhD

I\u2019m fortunate in that I\u2019m very close with my family, and I have a long-term partner, as well. They are all an immense source of support, and I always have a loving ear when I need to vent. On top of that, being in nature really helps me keep everything in perspective. My partner and I go camping every long weekend during the warmer months, and I live 5 minutes away from a massive, beautiful park, right on the lake. I actually take my books and laptop there frequently, sitting at a picnic table in the shade of a massive tree, looking out across the lake \u2013 it\u2019s one of the best places to get work done. I can take breaks, listen to birds chirping, watch squirrels play, or just feel the breeze on my face. Even when I can\u2019t go there, I have a nice garden in my backyard, where I grow flowers and vegetables, and a little outdoor work station where I can do some reading or writing. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab13" template="BlogArticle">

Want to know how to get into grad school with a low GPA? These tips can help:

Graduate School Interview Question #14: What Have You Been Reading?/What’s the Last Book You Read?

This question is difficult because of how informal it can come across when asked. As ever, you want to be honest, but that means making a note to yourself right now: Ensure you’re reading things that show depth and curiosity! This doesn’t mean reading only those things related to your area of scholarship, but you absolutely do need to have such things in your regular rotation. If, for example, there are primary works in your field that you haven’t had the chance to read yet, then get to a library! Often, in undergraduate studies, you’ll read a lot of secondary sources – that is, readings about key theories, thinkers, and methodologies in the field, written by others. But, if there are landmark names in your field whose actual works you’ve never read, work them into your rotation along with some things that are more current. As noted earlier, if you’re not sure what these are – in either case, old or new – ask a research librarian at your school. Most schools will have discipline-specific librarians who are familiar with the major works in that discipline, foundational primary texts and cutting-edge scholarship happening at this very moment. Make use of this incredibly valuable resource – you’re paying for it with your tuition, whether you use it or not!

If you enjoy fiction, non-fiction works outside your field, graphic novels, etc., that’s great, of course! You don’t have to lose yourself and your enjoyment to pursue graduate studies. Just be sure to think through the image you project, if you discuss these in an interview. Reading Vampirella is a bit different than reading Watchmen or Maus . Discussing your love of trashy romance novels comes off in a different way than discussing your love of historical biographies. That’s not to suggest there’s anything wrong with enjoying the former of either comparison – you do you! But, you do want to be strategic in what you disclose in an interview, since you're making a first impression (your quirks can come out after you've been accepted!). So, if you’ve legitimately just put down the most recent Harlequin novel, give it some consideration before reflexively answering this question in a way that doesn’t highlight your own depth --unless, of course, you want to study such things as part of your scholarship.

To be honest, over the past month, I\u2019ve been handling a heavy load at school, so my recreational reading time has been spent more on fiction than non-fiction. I do have a subscription to [Top Journal], but I haven\u2019t had an opportunity to really dig into the latest issue yet. Instead, I\u2019ve been reading Margaret Atwood\u2019s MaddAddam Trilogy before bed each night. If you\u2019re not familiar, it\u2019s a dystopian science fiction story that explores some of the anxieties and potentialities around genetic modification, environmental catastrophe, and the human\/non-human species divide. As someone with an interest in apocalyptic narratives of the past, apocalyptic speculation about the future is also something I find fascinating. Atwood is also renowned for the research that goes into her novels, so seeing her explore the possibilities \u2013 both beneficial and terrifying \u2013 of the technological advances of the present really helps me think through some societal and personal anxieties about where the world is heading. She also just weaves deeply rich and incredibly elaborate worlds that I love spending time in and pondering, even if they are rather unsettling, at times. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab14" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #15: What are Your Career Goals?

You have most likely touched upon this question in your applications already, but the challenge here is to vocalize this verbally in a coherent narrative. The problem is, many students might be unsure of what exactly they may want to do after grad school. Our admissions expert Dr. Reem Sabry, PhD, shares her experience interviewing grad students:

“The most common issue I encountered when I interviewed prospective graduate students (especially for a master’s program) is the lack of interest and clear goals in pursuing grad school. Some students apply to master’s as a placeholder for other professional programs (medicine, dentistry, vet, pharmacy, nursing, etc) until they get in. This is sometimes apparent in interviews when a student’s goals do not align with pursuing graduate school (i.e. they are not interested in academia or industry). I have heard this answer too many times and it should be avoided: “I am not entirely sure what I want to do in the future, and I truly believe this lab is a good avenue to explore whether or not I like research” Even if this is the case, it was always a red flag to interviewers about their seriousness or commitment.” – Dr. Reem Sabry, PhD

The key to answering this interview question, even if academia is not your final goal, is to outline what exactly led you to an interest in graduate work in this field and how this program will help you get where you want to go. . If you’re having trouble brainstorming what exactly you want to include in your answer, reach out to a graduate school admissions consultant who can help you with this answer.

Entering university, I joined a peer support group for student recovery an addiction resources. The school already established a strong support program. I mainly worked on developing and promoting resources detailing the effects of substance abuse, how to see the signs, and where to get help. The students I met through the program \u2014struggling or otherwise\u2014were always very grateful for our services. With this student group, I helped develop a report on how university students perceive substance abuse services to understand barriers and resistance to seeking treatment. We found that many students felt they were unworthy of support. To combat this sense of unworthiness, we launched our \u201cyou are worth campaign\u201d promoting anonymous services that people can use to hopefully introduce them to help and lower the perception that they don\u2019t deserve help. I was able to use my father\u2019s experience to help these students and change attitudes towards addiction and treatment at my undergraduate alma mater. I hope to continue this work in my graduate school journey. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab15" template="BlogArticle">

Your answer must not only outline what you plan to research in your new program, but what steps you took in your education so far to get to where you are now, as our admissions expert Dr. Reem Sabry, PhD, points out:

"To do a thesis-based graduate program, prior research experience, particularly in a lab setting is valued. Alongside my undergraduate degree, I completed a biotechnology technician diploma at a college, and I included this in my CV. The technical lab skills I learned through extracurriculars made me stand out for grad school.” – Dr. Reem Sabry, PhD

Even if you changed your interests radically, make sure to create a narrative that shows why you are interested in your topic and how you got there.

If I\u2019m given the opportunity to work on research at your institution on the graduate level, I would like the pursue a similar body of research investigating The Global Workspace Theory and other competing theories, such as Higher-Order theories of consciousness. These are, as I\u2019ve noticed, the two areas that many of your faculty members in the philosophy department are occupied with. Coming from a neuroscience background, I\u2019m also aware of the invaluable contributions and collaborations of a strong neuroscience department. The cognitive neuroscience research facilities available at your institution, equipped with CT and MRI machines, will be an important aspect of my mission to illuminate the mystery of the emergence of consciousness. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab16" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #17: What Do You See as the Major Trends in Your Field of Study?

Another question that inquires about your level of familiarity with the current questions and research in your field. This is your chance to showcase your knowledge! While you want to remain humble and polite, this is a question that you can prepare for and really demonstrate your level of understanding and interest in the field you are pursuing.

The final trend that I think is worth mentioning is mindfulness. Mindfulness has been given a lot more attention in recent years, especially as research continues to show the short and long-term benefits of applying mindfulness meditation and strategies to their every day lives. I recorded a study during my undergraduate studies using MRI to image the brains of people before and after they learned and applied mindfulness techniques for two months. The activation of the amygdala appeared to diminish whilst subjects performed basic everyday tasks, like studying. I think that mindfulness has a lot of potential to become a more prevalent treatment option for most anxiety-based disorders, including generalized anxiety, OCD, and PTSD. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab17" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #18: Share Your Opinion on a Current Issue in Your Field.

As you can see, a question on current trends in your field can be asked in different ways. In this case, you are asked about only one trend or issue. This means you can get really in-depth about the topic of your choosing!

I\u2019ve become an advocate to try to help mitigate some of these issues, but I think they will always be present until the government enacts more provisions, and stricter ones at that. I work for an organization that promotes resources and laws that protect nurses from violence and harassment. We have an entire domain full of downloadable resources covering workplace violence prevention policies, updates to occupational safety regulations, how to report to a supervisor, employer duties under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and more. It\u2019s important for nurses to know their rights in these stations, ideally before they have to face them. And hopefully they never have to. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab18" template="BlogArticle">

This is a dreaded question for those who choose to pursue a discipline that differs from the one they studied previously. But there is nothing to be afraid of! You must simply outline why you chose to pursue a different field and how your previous field prepared you for the one you are pursuing now! This is very common in all kinds of post-graduate and professional programs! Our admissions expert Aaron Schultze, JD, shares how he made his Drama major relevant for law school applications:

“I had a nontraditional major for law school (Theater & Dance). I explained how my fine arts education created a foundation for truthful storytelling and how to perform authentically. I was interested in Criminal Defense, so I explained how a degree in Theater allowed me to understand and relate to different characters in different circumstances.” – Aaron Schulze, JD, University of Texas School of Law

Brainstorm which qualities and skills you gained in previous field of study that are really valuable and useful in the new field of study you are pursuing.

The reason I decided to pursue a graduate degree in philosophy, and not English, is because I found that I enjoy reading the philosophical texts more than I did the English ones. I gradually veered toward philosophical literature, like Dostoevsky and Tolstoy, until I dived into more classic philosophy such as Plato, Descartes, Hobbes, and Kant. One of my professors, who I took advice from, suggested that if I am still reading and studying philosophy on my own time by the time I graduate, it\u2019s a good indication that I will enjoy a career in philosophy. So, while my approach is somewhat intuitive, I think that my degree in English with some background in philosophy will allow me to pursue this degree with conviction and qualification. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab19" template="BlogArticle">

Graduate School Interview Question #20: What Do You Do for Fun?

Do not be alarmed. This is not a trick question. Grad school interviewers are also people, and these people will most likely spend a lot of time with you if you get accepted. As we already mentioned, graduate school is really about collaboration and working together with other students and faculty. These people want to get to know you and this is why they ask this question. To some extent, you can be honest with your pastimes, but try to avoid contentious or controversial topics. Feel free to reveal your volunteer engagements or activities you like to do with your family and friends. And most importantly, try to reveal in your answer a quality or a skill you think will really demonstrate your character. Tell a story, and engage your interviewers with your answer. You can even connect your pastime with your research, if possible.

My husband and I love to watch Italian cinema. Especially, films made in mid XX century. The appearance on screen of Sophia Loren, Marcello Mastroianni, Claudia Cardinale, and other stars of Italian cinema is always a celebration for us. What I love about Italian films the most are the incredibly sophisticated humor and philosophical outlook on life. Each culture has its own way of seeing the world, and I truly enjoy watching cinema from all over the world, but I find the complexities of life are addressed best in Italian movies, such as the dilemma of artistic creation and mundane reality. As I look for graduate programs in creative writing, I cannot help my reflect on the struggles of the poor Guido Anselmi from Fellini\u2019s 8 1\u20442 who, as an artist, struggled but strived to be an authentic \u201cauteur\u201d, as the French say. I too look for autonomy in creation and inspiration, and understand that only by being honest with myself and with the help of others I can achieve my goals in creative writing. This is something I look forward to in finding in your program. ","label":"Expert Sample Answer","title":"Expert Sample Answer"}]" code="tab20" template="BlogArticle">

How long does it take to typically complete this program?
Where are recent alumni employed? What do most graduates do after graduation?
What types of financial aid are offered?
What criteria are used for choosing recipients?
What opportunities are available through the program to gain practical work experience? Are there opportunities such as assistantships, fellowships or internships available? What are the deadlines to apply to these opportunities?
Are there any scholarships or internships available?

The most common grad school interview questions are “tell me about yourself”, “why do you want to pursue this program?”, and “what is your research focus?”. Keep in mind that these questions can be worded in different ways, such as “what brought you here?”, “why did you choose to apply to our program?”, or “how have you prepared for your research interest?”.

This depends on many factors, including your personality. But most students find personal questions quite difficult. Why? Because it’s often hard to talk about yourself in a professional and succinct manner.

The best way to prepare is to research sample grad school interview questions, like the ones we list in our blog, and start brainstorming talking points you can use. Then, we strongly advise you to set up mock interviews where you can practice answering questions in a realistic setting. It's also smart to check out questions asked by specific schools, for example, Stanford graduate school interview questions .

There are 3 main categories of graduate school questions: general, personal, and academic. Their differences are outlines in our blog.

No, they are not common for most graduate programs. However, programs like social work might include behavioral questions in their interview format, especially as MMI questions .

Some of the interviewers might be faculty from the department that you want to join as a grad school, some may be students from the department, but some might be faculty or professionals from a completely different field. This is why when you speak about your research, make sure to not use any jargon so they can understand you.

You should definitely research this for every school you’re applying to. Most grad schools will use the traditional format or the panel format. However, some programs may also use MMI or some other form of modified interview formats.

It really depends on the format, but anywhere from 20 minute to 1.5 hours. You must also keep in mind that if you’re invited to an interview, you might also have the opportunity to meet with peers and take a tour of the campus. So make sure to delegate a whole day to your grad school interview.

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Have a question ask our admissions experts below and we'll answer your questions.

Helen Bradley

I have applied to a PhD program that is new and the only one in the U.S. It is a PhD in palliative care at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. What would be appropriate questions to ask about the program since this is new to all?

BeMo Academic Consulting

Hello Helen! Thanks for your question. You can ask your interviewers about the mission and goals of this new program. What is the vision? Where do they want the program to advance? You can also ask how they ended up being a part of this new program. This can spark a friendly and open conversation about their interests and background. Check out our blog about the kind of questions you can ask interviewers (https://bemoacademicconsulting.com/blog/when-the-tables-turn-15-sample-questions-to-ask-your-interviewer-in-a-med-school-interview). Though they are aimed for medical school interview, you can modify these to fit your needs. Hope this helps!

Helen, you are the winner of our weekly draw. Please email us by the end of the day tomorrow (July 31) at content[at]bemoacademicconsulting.com from the same email address you used to leave your comment to claim your prize!

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1. Please Tell Us About Yourself?

I’ve always been enthusiastic about research and making discoveries. It was during my undergraduate studies that drove my interest in learning more about environmental science. I had the opportunity to research more during my master’s degree program, which inspired me to advance to the Ph.D. level. I love traveling and sightseeing, so I’d love to utilize that to visit different places and do my research while sensitizing communities on the importance of environmental conservation.

2. How Do You Intend To Financial Support This Project?

Academic excellence has always been a passion for me. Immediately after high school, I enrolled in a business-related short-term course while awaiting to join campus. That led me to start a business that has successfully been able to break even. I have a reliable team that works for me and can independently handle the business operations while taking a less active role. In case of a funding challenge, I will utilize proceeds from the business to help support me. However, I intend to approach external sponsors and agencies willing to support this research.

3. Why Do You Need To Enroll In A Ph.D. Program?

After graduating with a master’s degree, I got a chance to lecture undergraduate students and discovered my enthusiasm for sharing knowledge with the younger generation. My background in research drives me to want to further my academic knowledge and make an impact on the next generation.

I want to pursue my Ph.D. studies, lecture at institutions of higher learning, and hopefully, one day, become a professor. I am excited about advancing my knowledge in environmental studies, which will enable me to make a valuable academic contribution in this field.

4. Why Do You Think You Are An Ideal Candidate For This Ph.D. Program?

After completing my master’s degree, I realized there is a need to sensitize the public, especially the disadvantaged communities about the importance of conserving our environment for a better future. After graduation, I worked as a volunteer for a non-governmental organization and learned a lot about global warming and its effects on future ecosystems.

Through this Ph.D. program, I will make an impactful contribution as it strongly aligns with my master’s degree research and my field of specialization. I want to use my research to make an environmental difference.

5. What Long-Term Objectives Do You Have As A Ph.D. Graduate?

I desire to live in an environment free from global warming drives my passion for dedicating time and effort to increasing environmental awareness. That is why I majored in environmental science for my undergraduate studies.

My research during my master’s revolved around the effects of industrialization on weather patterns. My Ph.D. research extends my master’s degree as I want to develop solutions that minimize environmental degradation.

6. Share With Us Your Strengths And Weaknesses?

My colleagues and acquaintances consistently complement my leadership skills . I find it easy to mobilize departments and organize activities within the community. Under my leadership and guidance, we have accomplished much through mentorship programs in learning institutions in my locality.

We’ve also initiated tree planting activities and other programs to conserve the environment. I am also a good orator with excellent verbal and written communication skills . My academic background and professional experience enable me to clearly and concisely demonstrate and articulate my ideas. I believe this strength will help me systematically document my research findings.

However, my greatest challenge is maintaining set deadlines. In my previous academic journey, I struggled to complete my assignments within set deadlines. Though my work was thorough and well researched, I could not stick to the set time frame because I was handling too many responsibilities at the time. To counter this, I hope to delegate most of my responsibilities and outsource some duties to other professionals to enable me to concentrate on my studies.

7. How Will You Motivate Yourself Not To Give Up?

My academic journey is not just a duty but something I am passionate about. I thoroughly enjoy academics and am at my best when compiling content for my thesis. I’m convinced I have more to offer as an independent researcher, which is enough motivation to complete each academic year. My passion for this subject makes me sacrifice and come up with solutions. I also feel the matter is not receiving enough attention, and I hope to address that.

8. What Do You Intend To Achieve With This Project?

Much research outlines steps needed to contain global warming and save future ecosystems. There have also been a lot of theoretical solutions the findings have yet to translate into action. I want to re-direct this project to a bearing that focuses on theory and translates that information to solutions.

I would dedicate more effort to minimizing pollution from manufacturing firms and sensitize communities to play a more active role in environmental conservation. Since my work will revolve around the environment, I hope to provide practical global warming solutions and share my passion for this topic with a broader audience.

9. Why Do You Want To Enroll For A Ph.D. In This Institution?

One of my major reasons for desiring to join this institution is because the facilities here are ideal for my research and are second to none. Also, the university’s approach toward my subjects of interest is very supportive and will help me achieve my goals. Thankfully, this university prides itself on being a trendsetter in my chosen field, and it will be a pleasure to be a part of a winning team like this one. The lecturers are also well-versed and will give me the mentorship I need to complete my thesis.

10. What Books Or Publications Have You Read Recently?

Currently, I am reading a seminal paper on conservation that primarily involves sustainable logging processes that help eliminate deforestation. I’ve also just read about New Scientific, a newsletter I have subscribed to.

11. What Are You Bringing To The University?

As a passionate member of my previous school debating club, I enjoy academic discussions, so I believe I’d contribute to industry-related academic dialogs. My skill and knowledge of MS PowerPoint make me an asset as I love creating and giving presentations that will benefit research and documentation for future reference.

12. Do You Have Any Work-Related Experiences? What Have You Learned?

One of my responsibilities in a past task as a part-time lecturer was to teach environmental studies to first-year students at a local university. The role was very satisfying as I am passionate about imparting knowledge and mentoring the youth. The responsibilities and experiences have taught me to read widely and increase my knowledge on the subject as things are consistently evolving. It also gave me insights into how academia relates to the real world.

13. What Inspired The Subjects You Chose For Your A-Levels?

I settled on subjects I believed would best prepare me for this career path. I picked topics that I genuinely enjoy and am good at. I also chose units that would teach me a wide range of skills to help me get maximum value from my A-levels.

I considered these subjects ideal and would comprehensively support my direction for my undergraduate studies. The unit selection and subject choice were perfect links that quickly merged and complemented each other to make me better market my skills in the job market.

14. What Challenges Do You Anticipate During This Academic Season?

Most of the previous research on this subject has mainly concentrated on the effects of global warming, but not many have come up with practical solutions. To start, I need to study archived research material, easily accessible in the institution’s library.

I also need access to scientific data, proper SOPs, and field research that will constitute a large portion of my research. The institution will play a significant role in sharing archived statistics to help me start.

The most common crisis I may face is raising adequate funds for field research. Though I will partially pay for the project, I still need the scholarship to help me complete the project.

15. Is There Training You Intend To Take During Or After Your Ph.D.?

There are technical skills and developmental programs on my top priority list. These skills include learning to use software and modern apps to make my work easier and save time. I also intend to take a refresher computer course that will help me improve my typing skills and make it easier to compile my thesis.

I intend to utilize project management software to help me effectively manage my finances and time and ensure I complete my research productively.

16. What Plans Do You Have After Finishing Your Ph.D. Studies?

First, I would be honored to start my academic Ph.D. journey at this institution. It will be an answered prayer as I have always envisioned myself graduating here. I also am very excited to do my Ph.D. in this subject as it has been my topic of interest since my undergraduate and master’s studies.

After graduation, I want to commit to publishing statistics and information that I believe will be helpful for further research. I feel my Ph.D. project can open opportunities for inquiry in this field which can be a foundation for a fruitful career. I desire to partner with stakeholders to collaborate and develop environmentally friendly solutions for conserving the ecological system.

17. Share One Of Your Most Outstanding Academic Achievements And What You Learned From It?

My most outstanding academic achievement was taking four years to complete my Bachelor’s degree with a 3.8 GPA. I had a lot of financial challenges at the time and could not access any scholarships or financial support. I had to work full-time while pursuing my undergraduate studies.

That experience taught me the importance of discipline and focus. I also learned that you could achieve anything you put your mind to through dedication and commitment. I am proud of this achievement and know that what I have learned will propel me to greater heights as I embark on this Ph.D. academic journey.

18. What Impact Has Your Bachelor’s And Master’s Degree Had On Your Professional Journey So Far?

During my attachment, I got a chance to intern at the prestigious United Nations Environmental Programme, a position I got due to my exemplary academic performance while on campus. Soon after completing my Bachelor’s degree, I immediately got a job as I graduated at the top of my class.

Though I had no working experience, my academic performance favored me to start working in a managerial position. The job gave me a lot of exposure and opportunities to advance in my studies, which is how I got a full scholarship to do my master’s degree. I am grateful for the opportunities presented to me and utilize them to make the world a better place.

19. How Do You Handle Defeat Or Failure?

My first job was at a supervisory level, and I was ill-equipped and inexperienced, but I knew I had the qualities for success in that position. I had to swallow my pride and take instructions and learn from junior staff. I recognized that to excel at the top, I had to learn everything from scratch, and who better to teach me than those at entry-level positions.

I had to create a conducive working environment based on mutual respect between management and junior staff, a relationship that had previously been strained and nonexistent. Creating a harmonious working environment saw the company grow its production, improve efficiency and expand much faster. We spread to other towns and launched two more branches within two years thanks to the harmonious working relationship between management and employees.

20. Do You Have Any Concerns Or Questions You Would Like To Ask?

I want insights into who my supervisor is and how you will structure my supervision. I also would like to know if there are any publishing opportunities available in the department.

21. What Impact Will Your Project Make On This Faculty?

My research will make an instrumental contribution and support other related studies in the department. My outcomes will be supporting material for future studies as I intend to gather data and publish my findings. I also anticipate contributing to other relevant publications within the department.

Last year, I researched and published a paper that I presented at the international environmental conference held last month, which got widespread approval from participants. I intend to use that experience for the good of the department. If given a chance, I am willing to volunteer a few hours of my time to tutor new students or mentor those interested in my field of study.

22. What Strategy Do You Have To Ensure Success For This Project?

I intend to have a schedule where I will indicate deadlines for each milestone. Scheduling will help me stay on course and complete my research on time.

23. What Qualities Do You Have To Guarantee Success In Compiling This Project?

My background as a research assistant and data analysis knowledge is beneficial as I will easily compile and interpret my findings with minimal challenges and resistance.

24. What Challenges Are You Likely To Face In The Field, And How Do You Intend To Overcome Them?

Scheduling time to meet respondents can be challenging, but I intend to communicate and book appointments early enough. From previous experience, I know that research needs ample time and adequate funding to succeed.

25. How Do Your Colleagues Describe You?

My colleagues consistently tell me that I am well organized, selfless, and excellent at time management . During a recent research assignment on the effects of globalization on wildlife habitation, my team praised me for proper planning and maintaining set deadlines. We completed the project ahead of time, and it was very successful.

Conclusion

While it is imperative to make a good impression by being assertive, you should not lose your individuality. Try not to be someone else but strive to be as authentic as possible. Ensure to remain objective without losing your enthusiasm.

By the time you make it to the Ph.D. interview stage, you must have explored your project feasibility and institution and program research, which are needed and give you confidence in addressing the interviewer’s concerns. Practice studying various potential Ph.D. interview questions to prepare you to answer questions from an informed viewpoint.

Study your Ph.D. project in detail to help you defend your research and support the relevance of your research question while displaying its academic contribution.

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Key PhD Interview Questions (And How to Answer Them)

12th October 2023

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Embarking on a PhD is a significant step in your academic journey, and the interview process is a crucial part of securing a place in your chosen programme. Being well-prepared for the questions that may arise during a PhD interview can help you present yourself confidently and increase your chances of success. In this post, we’ll explore some key PhD interview questions and offer tips on how to answer them effectively.

Can you explain your research proposal in detail?

This is likely to be one of the first questions you’ll be asked, and it’s your chance to showcase your research interests and the significance of your proposed study. Be sure to articulate your research question clearly, explain the methodology you plan to use, and highlight the potential contribution of your research to the field. Avoid using overly technical language and try to convey your enthusiasm for the project.

Why do you want to pursue a PhD?

This question aims to assess your motivation for undertaking a PhD. Be honest and reflective in your response, explaining how your academic background, research interests, and career goals align with the programme. Show that you have a clear understanding of the commitment required and are prepared for the challenges of a PhD.

What relevant experience do you have?

Highlight any previous research experience, publications, or relevant work experience that demonstrates your suitability for the programme. Be specific about your role and the skills you developed, and explain how these experiences have prepared you for the challenges of a PhD.

How did you develop your research proposal?

This question aims to assess your research skills and the thought process behind your proposal. Discuss how you identified a research gap, formulated your research question, and designed your methodology. Be prepared to explain any challenges you encountered and how you overcame them.

How do you plan to manage your time and workload during your PhD?

Time management is a crucial skill for PhD students, who often juggle multiple responsibilities. Discuss any strategies you have for staying organised, prioritising tasks, and maintaining a work-life balance. Show that you have a realistic understanding of the demands of a PhD and have thought about how to manage them effectively.

What are your strengths and weaknesses as a researcher?

Reflect on your skills and experiences as a researcher and be honest about areas where you may need to improve. Highlight any strengths that are particularly relevant to your proposed research and discuss how you plan to address any weaknesses.

How do you handle criticism and feedback?

Being receptive to feedback and willing to learn from it is an essential trait for any researcher. Discuss how you have dealt with criticism in the past and explain how you use it to improve your work. Show that you are open to different perspectives and can adapt your approach when necessary.

Answer Your PhD Interview Questions With Confidence

Preparing for a PhD interview requires careful reflection on your research proposal, experiences, and motivations. By anticipating the questions that may arise and thinking through your responses, you can present yourself confidently and make a strong impression on the interview panel.

A compelling personal statement is key to nailing your PhD interview – if you need support, we are here to provide personalised guidance, helping you articulate your strengths, experiences in your statement, and motivations in a way that resonates with admissions panels. Contact us today to elevate your application and take a confident step towards your academic aspirations.

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Example PhD interview questions and answers

How to succeed in your PhD interview with answers to frequently asked questions

The interview is a crucial and inevitable part of the PhD application process. It is an opportunity for the supervisor(s) and funding bodies (if it is a funded PhD) to determine whether you are the right candidate for the challenge that is undertaking a PhD. Although this can be a daunting process, with preparation you can go into your interview feeling confident and put your best self forward.

Interviews for PhD positions will likely involve a short presentation on the proposed research project and/or your previous research experience. You can adapt the focus of this depending on how much prior experience you have to showcase. If you have an extensive research portfolio from your BSc/MSc project or time spent in industry, do not shy away from it, especially where there is direct relevance to the project you are applying for.

Following the presentation, you will be asked questions and will also have the opportunity to ask questions of your own (we recommend having a few prepared!).

We have collated some of the questions that are frequently asked in a PhD interview, along with tips on how to answer them. But please remember, the interview process varies widely and this blog aims to provide a suggestive framework on how to answer.

“Tell us about yourself”

This is a typical opening interview question and is often used as an icebreaker. You can practice your answer to help you get off to a good start when you will be most nervous. While it might be tempting to go straight into the details of the project and your career thus far, you can ease into the interview – there will be plenty of opportunity to discuss the project later. Instead, you can focus on your academic career so far, your scientific interests (e.g., a strong interest in biochemistry), and relate them to your desire to undertake a PhD.

“Why do you want to do a PhD?”

This is an important question that you also need to ask yourself, and be convinced of the answer! A PhD is a big undertaking and having the right reasons will carry you through the potentially tough times. Example points to include here:

A professor during your undergraduate degree that inspired you
A desire to help improve the outcome of patients with a specific disease (relevant to the proposed project)
A love for science that you want to put into practice and contribute to the collective knowledge in that area
You are an inquisitive problem-solver and want to combine this with your interest in [topic].

Stay true to yourself with the reasons that motivate you to do a PhD – there is no right answer and if you have come this far you likely have the right motivations.

“Why do you want to work on this project/Why do you think this project is important”?

This is your opportunity to go into the details of the research proposal and its relevance in the wider context of the research field. This is particularly important if the project will be competing for limited funding. You want to demonstrate to the panel that this project is a worthwhile investment and has clear, impactful outcomes. You can also discuss specific techniques that will be used in your PhD, and how these are cutting-edge and are perhaps more likely to lead to a publication. If the project has potential for collaboration, highlight this and the intended outcomes.

“Why do you want to work in this research group/for this PI?”

Make sure you have thoroughly researched your supervisor’s group, and their previous publications and collaborations. Perhaps highlight a recent high-profile publication or a new technique they have recently developed. This will show your commitment and enthusiasm to join the group, as well as reflect what the group and university are proud of. A supervisor needs to know that your research goals align and that you will mesh well with the rest of the team.

“What can you bring to this group?”

This is your opportunity to showcase both your technical and soft skills. Here you can mention the research experience you already have and how these skills and ideas will enhance the lab. If you do not have much research experience, talk about how you are a fast learner (with examples) and have a keen sense of science and willingness to learn. As mentioned in the previous answer, your future supervisor will want to ensure you are a valuable addition to their team. If you are not specialized in a technique, don’t worry – you are here to learn and most people starting a PhD have limited lab experience.

“Why do you want to be at this university/on this funding program?”

A PhD is a significant time and financial commitment; the funders or members of the university need to know candidates are committed to them as well as the research. Spaces are limited and there needs to be differentiation between candidates. A tip here is to flatter your interviewers by mentioning what they are proud of about their institutions (easy to find online). Example points to mention:

A world-leading institution with an excellent publication and funding record
Research collaborations that interest you or could benefit you (e.g., close ties with clinical trials or pharmaceuticals companies)
Specific facilities or equipment the university has to offer (e.g., a super-resolution microscope)
The ethos of the university is one you closely align with
Funding programs that come with additional training and funding opportunities for internships and collaborations. Specific benefits outside of the research are the ones you will want to highlight to the funders, to show your commitment not only to the PhD but also to their investment in you.

“What makes you the right candidate for this PhD project?”

This can be a tough question to answer if you have had limited prior experience, but do not be afraid of positively selling yourself. Focus on your determination and desire to contribute to research, your drive for this project, your technical skills, your belief in the impact of the project, and how well suited you are to your supervisor/supervisor’s team.

“What would you like the impact of this project to be?”

Impact in research is mostly measured by publications or obtaining data to apply for further grants. Your ability to discuss this shows your awareness of the research world beyond the microsphere of your PhD. Research is meant to be disseminated via publications and conferences. The immediate impact of your project will not be clear-cut at the start, but you can openly discuss it, which shows a maturity that will benefit you in the interview. Essentially, you want to demonstrate that the proposed project will have an impact beyond the PhD itself and will inform future research.

“What difficulties do you expect to encounter during this project?”

Here you can discuss the specific technical challenges you have identified (e.g., I will need to optimize the culture of these primary cells or I will need to establish a new model to investigate vascular dementia in iPSCs). This shows that you have thoroughly considered the project and are not afraid of facing challenges. If you can, discuss how you plan to overcome these challenges.

“What are your strengths/weaknesses?”

This is another popular interview question and one to prepare. Personalize your answer with examples and use tools like STAR (S-situation, T-task, A-action, R-response) to structure your answer. When discussing weaknesses, you can share how you are working on these, or perhaps put a positive spin on them. Read our interview success blog for general interview tips !

“What do you want to do after your PhD?”

You may not be sure of your future career plans at the time of your interview, but it’s good to prepare a response as this is a common question. Doing a PhD sets you up for an academic career path in research and teaching. Even if this is your plan for your career, emphasize your desire to work in academia and teaching. It is also okay to say you will keep your options open to whatever paths come your way during the 4+ years of your PhD.

“Describe a time you experienced a setback and how you overcame it.”

This is a very common interview question in general and we would advise giving an example in a professional or learning setting rather than a personal one. Plan ahead and respond in a STAR format to help you give a clear and impactful answer. If a similar situation arose again and you dealt with it differently, make sure to highlight this.

“How will you keep yourself motivated throughout the project?”

You can discuss your driving factors behind wanting to do a PhD, and this project specifically. Be open to the knowledge that you will experience peaks and troughs throughout your time as a PhD student – this demonstrates to the interviewers that you’re realistic about the hardships of doing a PhD. Perhaps mention the hobbies (exercise, reading, cooking, etc.) you use to relax outside of work and ensure you maintain a healthy work-life balance.

“What are some recent publications in the field?”

This question is to ensure you have read around your project before the interview and are ready to discuss/summarize some recent publications. This shows your dedication and passion for the PhD project and your preparation for the interview.

“Do you have any questions for us?”

You should have some questions prepared to ask the interviewers. This reinforces your interest and that you are serious about the PhD.

Here are some questions you can ask:

If speaking directly to the supervisor, you can ask project-specific questions or clarifications from the research proposal
Will I have any teaching opportunities?
Are there opportunities and support available to disseminate my work (e.g., conferences, publications)?
What are the training and career development opportunities?
Are there any developments planned for the department or university?

For other tips on careers and life as an early-career researcher, please visit our ECR hub .

Blog written by Lucie Reboud, intern at Proteintech, PhD student in cancer research at the University of Manchester.

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Should I Do A Masters?
Types of Course
Entry Requirements
Choosing A University
Research Vs Taught Masters
Taught Masters
Research Masters
What is a PhD?
PhD Entry Requirements
Applying for a PhD
Choosing A Topic
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Personal Statement
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Example Interview Questions
Preparing for a PhD interview
Postgraduate Jobs

PhD Interview Questions

A PhD interview doesn’t need to be a daunting or nervous experience. Our guide to potential PhD interview questions should help you make the most of your interview, highlight your strengths and ensure you easily glide through all the answers.

Questions about you

A PhD is all about 3 years of in-depth independent research, so you’ll need to show in your answers that you’re dedicated enough to complete 3 years of study both independently and with the support of your supervisors and other students. Research requires you to be patient and diligent as well as fastidious in detail, and logical and methodical in your planning and analysis. These are all highly prized research skills. You can show how well you meet these attributes in answer to questions such as:

1. Tell me about yourself.

This is very generic; but this is good as it gives you chance to open up about yourself as a person

2. Give me an example to show how you work with others?

Can you link this to any of your undergraduate work on the same theme as your PhD project?

3. Which do you prefer - working on your own or with others?

Remember that you will need both to succeed as a PhD student!

4. What are your top 3 strengths?

Can you link your examples to your PhD research proposal?

5. What are your weaknesses?

When it comes to choosing weaknesses, be truthful and then (using examples again) talk about how you have been working to overcome them.

6. Which areas do you still need to develop further?

No one is 100% perfect so don’t be afraid to pick one skill you want to develop further and that the PhD will support you with. Be sure to state how far you’ve already come in developing this skill during your undergraduate degree (and if applicable your Masters) and how far you intend to go. This shows your ability to self-analyse and be critically aware.

7. What are your career plans?

This is another way to work out your motivations for doing a PhD and see if you have thought about what you will do next. How will a PhD help you achieve your future goals? Someone with a clear goal in mind is likely to be more committed to doing a PhD. For many, the goal will be to pursue an academic career, in which case this is an opportunity to show you understand the academic career path

Questions about your PhD and its research project

Some of the most common questions here include:

1. Why do you want to study this PhD?

You answer should be honest, passionate, well thought through and articulate.

2. Why have you suggested this particular research proposal?

You need to show here what you already know about your subject: any research you’ve already completed and why you’re inspired to go further. You need to be able to say how your research will make a unique impact, what it will involve and what you’re hoping to gain from it when you’ve completed it. The gains should be both personal for you and also for academic research and the university itself. You may want to quote key findings from your undergraduate and Masters research. Highlight key stats and facts you’ve already gathered to show your knowledge. It’s also ok to say what you don’t yet know and how you want to discover the answers with your PhD.

3. How do you manage confidentiality in your research?

Think through how you will capture, store, retain and archive personal information in your research to keep it confidential and how as a researcher you can reconcile different viewpoints to your own. This will ensure any question can be answered with ease.

4. What difficulties would you expect to encounter during this project?

No matter how carefully you plan, no research project is completed without any hitches. Be honest about where you see potential challenges, but more importantly discuss how you plan to work through them.

5. How are you funding your PhD?

Your answer here will depend on whether you’re self-funding or receiving funding for your PhD, but is one of the more straightforward questions you will be asked during the interview. Remember that the panel is not trying to catch you out with this question. They are just trying to understand that you have funds available to cover both your PhD and living costs. Please be honest and say if you’re going to be working part-time to fund yourself and also how secure any external funding is and when you’ll receive it.

Questions on the university

Staff will want to know why you have chosen to apply to their university, so they will expect to hear a detailed (and positive) response! Questions might include:

1. Why are you applying to this university?

Try to cover how your PhD fits with and expands on the research already being undertaken in your specific department and how the university can gain quodos with the results. It’s great if you’ve already studied your undergraduate degree with them as you’ll already know what works best for the university. However, this is not a good enough reason on its own right to do a PhD with them. There need to be PhD specific benefits.

2. Is there anything else that attracts you to our department?

Think about anything else in particular that you like about the university or department. Tutors want to find out why you will be a good fit for them, so make sure you've done your research and explain any other positives that draw you to applying for a place with them.

General questions

These could include the following:

1. Why will you be the best person for this PhD?

This is your opportunity to sell yourself. Be confident and positive but don’t ramble on for ages

2. What do you want to achieve once you’ve finished your PhD?

This may seem several years away but the university want to check your forward planning and your ability to think through your career options

3. Tell us about an issue you’ve encountered and how you’ve overcome this?

Try to link this to any previous research you’ve done, so that the panel knows you’re prepared and able to tackle any obstacles that may arise during your PhD

4. Is there anything you’d like to ask us?

Remember that the interview is a two-way process. It is important that you have some questions to ask the interviewer to show your engagement and the serious consideration you are giving their program. You are preparing to spend three or four years at this university, so think about what is important to you and what would make or break your decision to attend this university. Make sure you have a list of questions prepared ahead of the interview.Always have 3 to 4 questions prepared in case one or two of them have already been covered during your interview discussion. Remember to ask 2 or 3 which indicate you’ve thoroughly considered your PhD. For example:

How will the supervision arrangements work? This is your chance to find out how you will be supervised, and how much contact you will have with your supervisor during your studies. Some departments or universities may be more flexible than others.
What opportunities will I have to present my research findings? You will want to make sure you have the chance to share you work with others, whether it's at internal meetings, conferences or other external events.
What support will I receive to help me publish my research? Again, part of sharing your work with others involves publishing it in journals and other appropriate publication, so you will need to have the right support to do this.

Above all throughout your interview you need to express your drive and enthusiasm for your project, be confident (not overly though) and assertive and give your answers honestly, passionately and with commitment. This way, you will be more likely to secure your place.

Best of luck with your PhD interview!

Further information

For more tips and advice on applying for a PhD, please see:

PhD entry requirements
How to apply for a PhD
Choosing a topic
Choosing a supervisor
Writing a research proposal
Writing a personal statement
Writing a CV

PhD interview questions

What motivated you to pursue a PhD degree? Answer: I have always been passionate about [insert your field of interest] and wanted to deepen my knowledge and contribute to the advancement of the field. What specific research questions are you interested in exploring during your PhD? Answer: I am interested in exploring [insert specific research questions]. I believe that these questions are important because [explain why they are important]. How do you plan to approach your research? Answer: I plan to approach my research by [insert your research methodology and techniques], and by collaborating with other researchers in the field. How do you plan to manage your time and resources during your PhD? Answer: I plan to create a schedule that allows me to balance my coursework, research, and other responsibilities. I will also make use of resources such as the library, research facilities, and mentorship programs. What are some potential challenges you anticipate in your research? Answer: Some potential challenges I anticipate include [insert potential challenges]. I plan to address these challenges by [insert your plan to address them]. What are your strengths and weaknesses as a researcher? Answer: My strengths as a researcher include [insert your strengths], while my weaknesses include [insert your weaknesses]. I am actively working to improve my weaknesses by [insert how you plan to improve]. How do you plan to contribute to the academic community during your PhD? Answer: I plan to contribute to the academic community by [insert how you plan to contribute], such as by presenting my research at conferences, publishing papers, and participating in academic events. What are some potential ethical considerations in your research? Answer: Some potential ethical considerations in my research include [insert potential ethical considerations], and I plan to address these considerations by [insert your plan to address them]. What are some potential limitations in your research? Answer: Some potential limitations in my research include [insert potential limitations], and I plan to address these limitations by [insert your plan to address them]. How do you plan to measure the success of your research? Answer: I plan to measure the success of my research by [insert your success criteria], such as by achieving specific research objectives, publishing papers, and receiving recognition from the academic community. What skills and experiences do you bring to the PhD program? Answer: I bring [insert your skills and experiences], which I believe will be valuable in pursuing my research and contributing to the academic community. What research methods are you familiar with? Answer: I am familiar with [insert research methods], and I am willing to learn and use new research methods as necessary for my research. What coursework have you completed that is relevant to your research interests? Answer: I have completed coursework in [insert relevant coursework], which I believe has provided me with a strong foundation for my research. How do you plan to collaborate with other researchers in your field? Answer: I plan to collaborate with other researchers in my field by [insert your plan to collaborate], such as by attending conferences, participating in research groups, and seeking mentorship from senior researchers. How do you plan to stay up-to-date with the latest research in your field? Answer: I plan to stay up-to-date with the latest research in my field by [insert your plan to stay up-to-date], such as by subscribing to academic journals, attending conferences, and participating in academic groups.

PhD interview questions and answers

Preparing for a PhD interview can be nerve-wracking, but our PhD interview questions and answers can help ease your anxiety. We provide a comprehensive list of common questions and answers that you may encounter during your interview process. From research methodologies to future plans, our questions and answers cover a range of topics to help you showcase your skills and knowledge. So, read on and get ready to impress your interviewers with our helpful guide! What inspired you to choose this specific institution for your PhD program? Answer: I was impressed by the institution’s reputation in the field, the quality of the faculty, and the opportunities for research and collaboration. How do you plan to balance your research and other responsibilities during your PhD? Answer: I plan to create a schedule that allows me to balance my research with other responsibilities, such as coursework and teaching, and to seek support from my advisors and colleagues. What specific skills and techniques do you hope to gain from your PhD program? Answer: I hope to gain skills and techniques in [insert specific skills and techniques], which I believe will be valuable in pursuing my research and advancing my career. How do you plan to address potential conflicts with your research team or advisors? Answer: I plan to address potential conflicts by communicating openly and respectfully with my team and advisors, seeking mediation if necessary, and focusing on finding constructive solutions. What specific resources and facilities at this institution do you plan to use for your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific resources and facilities], which I believe will be essential for conducting my research and contributing to the academic community. How do you plan to approach the process of writing your dissertation? Answer: I plan to approach the process of writing my dissertation by breaking it down into manageable parts, seeking feedback and support from my advisors and colleagues, and staying organized and focused. What are some potential research collaborations you hope to establish during your PhD? Answer: I hope to establish collaborations with [insert potential research collaborations], which I believe will allow me to pursue innovative and impactful research. What is your experience with teaching or mentoring others? Answer: I have [insert your experience with teaching or mentoring], and I plan to continue developing my skills in this area during my PhD program. What specific impact do you hope your research will have on society or the field? Answer: I hope that my research will have [insert specific impact], such as by addressing pressing social or scientific challenges, advancing our understanding of a specific phenomenon, or contributing to the development of new technologies or policies. What are some potential funding opportunities you plan to pursue during your PhD? Answer: I plan to pursue funding opportunities from [insert potential funding sources], such as grants, fellowships, or scholarships, to support my research and professional development. How do you plan to manage potential setbacks or failures in your research? Answer: I plan to manage potential setbacks or failures by remaining resilient and persistent, seeking support and feedback from my advisors and colleagues, and learning from my mistakes. What are some potential collaborations or projects you plan to pursue with faculty or researchers outside your department? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], which I believe will allow me to explore interdisciplinary research questions and contribute to a broader range of academic communities. How do you plan to disseminate the findings of your research? Answer: I plan to disseminate the findings of my research by [insert your plan to disseminate], such as by publishing papers, presenting at conferences, and engaging with the broader public through outreach and media activities. What specific research or teaching opportunities at this institution excite you the most? Answer: I am excited by [insert specific research or teaching opportunities], which I believe will allow me to pursue innovative and impactful research and engage with a diverse range of students and colleagues.

PhD interview questions chemistry

Are you a chemistry PhD applicant preparing for an interview? Our PhD interview questions in chemistry will help you prepare for the types of questions you may encounter. From questions about your research experience to your understanding of key chemical concepts, we cover a range of topics to help you feel confident and prepared. So, read on and get ready to ace your chemistry PhD interview! What specific research areas within chemistry interest you the most? Answer: I am most interested in [insert specific research areas], which I believe will allow me to explore new frontiers in the field and contribute to addressing important scientific and societal challenges. How do you plan to approach the design and synthesis of novel compounds during your research? Answer: I plan to approach the design and synthesis of novel compounds by [insert your plan], such as by utilizing cutting-edge computational tools, optimizing reaction conditions, and collaborating with experts in related fields. What specific analytical techniques do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific analytical techniques], which I believe will allow me to characterize the properties and behavior of the compounds I synthesize and understand the underlying mechanisms of chemical reactions. How do you plan to ensure the reproducibility and reliability of your experimental results? Answer: I plan to ensure the reproducibility and reliability of my experimental results by [insert your plan], such as by implementing rigorous controls, keeping detailed records, and seeking feedback and collaboration from other researchers in the field. What potential applications do you see for your research in industry or other fields? Answer: I see potential applications of my research in [insert potential applications], such as in developing new pharmaceuticals, materials, or energy sources, which I believe will have significant economic and societal impact. How do you plan to address potential safety hazards or environmental concerns in your research? Answer: I plan to address potential safety hazards or environmental concerns in my research by [insert your plan], such as by following established safety protocols, using environmentally friendly reagents and methods, and seeking guidance from safety experts. What specific computational tools or software do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific computational tools or software], which I believe will allow me to design and optimize compounds more efficiently and accurately and understand the underlying mechanisms of chemical reactions. How do you plan to collaborate with other researchers or organizations outside your institution during your research? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], such as industry partners or researchers from other institutions, which I believe will allow me to leverage diverse expertise and resources and enhance the impact of my research. What specific challenges or barriers do you anticipate encountering during your research? Answer: I anticipate encountering challenges such as [insert specific challenges], such as optimizing difficult reactions or obtaining access to specialized equipment, and plan to address them by [insert your plan], such as seeking support from colleagues or developing alternative approaches. What specific skills or techniques do you hope to develop during your PhD program? Answer: I hope to develop skills and techniques in [insert specific skills or techniques], such as advanced spectroscopic methods or computational modeling, which I believe will be essential for pursuing my research and advancing my career. How do you plan to approach the process of publishing your research? Answer: I plan to approach the process of publishing my research by [insert your plan], such as identifying suitable journals and co-authors, writing clear and impactful papers, and responding to feedback from reviewers. What specific resources or equipment at this institution do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific resources or equipment], such as high-performance computing clusters or specialized instrumentation, which I believe will be essential for conducting my research and contributing to the academic community.

PhD interview questions mathematics

Preparing for a mathematics PhD interview can be daunting, but our PhD interview questions in mathematics can help you feel confident and prepared. Our comprehensive list of common questions covers a range of topics, from your understanding of mathematical concepts to your research experience and future plans. So, read on and get ready to showcase your skills and knowledge in your mathematics PhD interview! What area(s) of mathematics do you find most interesting, and why? Answer: I am particularly interested in [insert specific area(s) of mathematics], as I find the concepts and problems in these areas to be intellectually stimulating and challenging. Can you describe a research project that you have worked on in the past? Answer: During my undergraduate studies, I worked on a research project involving [insert specific topic], which allowed me to apply mathematical concepts and techniques to address a real-world problem and gain experience in mathematical modeling and data analysis. How do you plan to approach the formulation and proof of mathematical theorems during your research? Answer: I plan to approach the formulation and proof of mathematical theorems by [insert your plan], such as by developing a clear understanding of the problem, exploring possible techniques and methods, and seeking feedback and collaboration from other mathematicians. What mathematical tools or software do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific mathematical tools or software], which I believe will allow me to analyze and solve mathematical problems more efficiently and accurately and explore new areas of mathematical research. How do you plan to address potential challenges or obstacles in your research? Answer: I plan to address potential challenges or obstacles in my research by [insert your plan], such as by seeking guidance and advice from my advisor and colleagues, exploring alternative approaches, and persisting through setbacks and difficulties. What potential applications do you see for your research in industry or other fields? Answer: Although my research is primarily focused on pure mathematics, I see potential applications in [insert potential applications], such as in developing more efficient algorithms or solving problems in cryptography, which may have important practical implications. How do you plan to collaborate with other mathematicians or organizations outside your institution during your research? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], such as other mathematicians in my field or researchers from other institutions or industries, which I believe will allow me to leverage diverse expertise and resources and enhance the impact of my research. What specific challenges or barriers do you anticipate encountering during your research? Answer: I anticipate encountering challenges such as [insert specific challenges], such as working with complex mathematical structures or grappling with abstract concepts, and plan to address them by [insert your plan], such as seeking support from colleagues or developing alternative approaches. What specific skills or techniques do you hope to develop during your PhD program? Answer: I hope to develop skills and techniques in [insert specific skills or techniques], such as advanced proof techniques or computational algebra, which I believe will be essential for pursuing my research and advancing my career. How do you plan to approach the process of publishing your research? Answer: I plan to approach the process of publishing my research by [insert your plan], such as identifying suitable journals and co-authors, writing clear and impactful papers, and responding to feedback from reviewers. What specific resources or software at this institution do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific resources or software], such as specialized libraries or computational resources, which I believe will be essential for conducting my research and contributing to the academic community. What potential impact do you see your research having on the field of mathematics? Answer: I see potential impact of my research in [insert potential impact], such as advancing our understanding of fundamental mathematical principles or developing new approaches to solve important problems in mathematics and related fields.

PhD interview questions physics

If you’re a physics PhD applicant preparing for an interview, our PhD interview questions in physics can help you prepare for the types of questions you may encounter. Our questions cover a range of topics, from your understanding of fundamental physics concepts to your research experience and future plans. So, read on and get ready to ace your physics PhD interview with our helpful guide! What area(s) of physics do you find most interesting, and why? Answer: I am particularly interested in [insert specific area(s) of physics], as I find the concepts and phenomena in these areas to be fascinating and have the potential to lead to significant advancements in our understanding of the physical universe. Can you describe a research project that you have worked on in the past? Answer: During my undergraduate studies, I worked on a research project involving [insert specific topic], which allowed me to gain experience in experimental design, data analysis, and problem-solving in physics. How do you plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses during your research? Answer: I plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses by [insert your plan], such as developing a clear understanding of the problem, designing experiments to test specific hypotheses, and analyzing and interpreting the results to draw conclusions. What experimental techniques or equipment do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific experimental techniques or equipment], which I believe will allow me to conduct experiments more accurately and efficiently and explore new areas of physics research. How do you plan to address potential challenges or obstacles in your research? Answer: I plan to address potential challenges or obstacles in my research by [insert your plan], such as seeking guidance and advice from my advisor and colleagues, exploring alternative approaches, and persisting through setbacks and difficulties. What potential applications do you see for your research in industry or other fields? Answer: Although my research is primarily focused on fundamental physics, I see potential applications in [insert potential applications], such as in developing more efficient and accurate measurement techniques or understanding the behavior of materials in extreme conditions. How do you plan to collaborate with other physicists or organizations outside your institution during your research? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], such as other physicists in my field or researchers from other institutions or industries, which I believe will allow me to leverage diverse expertise and resources and enhance the impact of my research. What specific challenges or barriers do you anticipate encountering during your research? Answer: I anticipate encountering challenges such as [insert specific challenges], such as working with complex experimental setups or analyzing large datasets, and plan to address them by [insert your plan], such as seeking support from colleagues or developing alternative approaches. What specific skills or techniques do you hope to develop during your PhD program? Answer: I hope to develop skills and techniques in [insert specific skills or techniques], such as advanced experimental design or computational physics, which I believe will be essential for pursuing my research and advancing my career. How do you plan to approach the process of publishing your research? Answer: I plan to approach the process of publishing my research by [insert your plan], such as identifying suitable journals and co-authors, writing clear and impactful papers, and responding to feedback from reviewers. What specific resources or software at this institution do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific resources or software], such as specialized labs or computational resources, which I believe will be essential for conducting my research and contributing to the academic community. What potential impact do you see your research having on the field of physics? Answer: I see potential impact of my research in [insert potential impact], such as advancing our understanding of fundamental physical principles or developing new technologies based on novel physical phenomena.

PhD interview questions computer science

Preparing for a computer science PhD interview can be overwhelming, but our PhD interview questions in computer science can help you feel confident and prepared. Our questions cover a range of topics, from algorithms and programming languages to research experience and future plans. So, read on and get ready to showcase your skills and knowledge in your computer science PhD interview! Can you describe a research project you have worked on in the past, and what you learned from it? Answer: During my undergraduate studies, I worked on a project involving [insert specific topic], which allowed me to gain experience in [insert specific skills or techniques], and helped me to develop a deeper understanding of [insert specific area of computer science]. What specific research questions are you interested in pursuing in your PhD program? Answer: I am interested in pursuing research questions related to [insert specific research questions], as I believe they have the potential to contribute to [insert specific contribution or impact]. How do you plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses during your research? Answer: I plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses by [insert your plan], such as conducting literature reviews, designing experiments, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting results, and seeking feedback from advisors and colleagues. What techniques or methods do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific techniques or methods], which I believe will allow me to conduct research more accurately and efficiently, and explore new areas of computer science research. What potential applications do you see for your research in industry or other fields? Answer: Although my research is primarily focused on fundamental computer science, I see potential applications in [insert potential applications], such as in developing new algorithms, improving cybersecurity, or enhancing artificial intelligence. How do you plan to collaborate with other computer scientists or organizations outside your institution during your research? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], such as other computer scientists in my field or researchers from other institutions or industries, which I believe will allow me to leverage diverse expertise and resources and enhance the impact of my research. What specific challenges or barriers do you anticipate encountering during your research? Answer: I anticipate encountering challenges such as [insert specific challenges], such as working with large data sets, developing new algorithms, or debugging complex code, and plan to address them by [insert your plan], such as seeking support from colleagues or developing alternative approaches. What specific skills or techniques do you hope to develop during your PhD program? Answer: I hope to develop skills and techniques in [insert specific skills or techniques], such as machine learning or cybersecurity, which I believe will be essential for pursuing my research and advancing my career. What specific resources or software at this institution do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific resources or software], such as specialized labs or computational resources, which I believe will be essential for conducting my research and contributing to the academic community. How do you plan to approach the process of publishing your research? Answer: I plan to approach the process of publishing my research by [insert your plan], such as identifying suitable conferences or journals, writing clear and impactful papers, and responding to feedback from reviewers. What specific courses or seminars do you plan to take during your PhD program? Answer: I plan to take courses or seminars in [insert specific courses or seminars], which I believe will be essential for building a strong foundation in computer science and exploring new areas of research. What potential impact do you see your research having on the field of computer science? Answer: I see potential impact of my research in [insert potential impact], such as advancing our understanding of fundamental computer science principles, improving the efficiency of algorithms, or enhancing the security of computer systems. Also check – Apple Interview Questions / Web API Interview Questions

PhD interview questions biology

If you’re a biology PhD applicant preparing for an interview, our PhD interview questions in biology can help you prepare for the types of questions you may encounter. Our questions cover a range of topics, from your understanding of biological concepts to your research experience and future plans. So, read on and get ready to ace your biology PhD interview with our helpful guide! Can you describe a research project you have worked on in the past, and what you learned from it? Answer: During my undergraduate studies, I worked on a project involving [insert specific topic], which allowed me to gain experience in [insert specific skills or techniques], and helped me to develop a deeper understanding of [insert specific area of biology]. What specific research questions are you interested in pursuing in your PhD program? Answer: I am interested in pursuing research questions related to [insert specific research questions], as I believe they have the potential to contribute to [insert specific contribution or impact]. How do you plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses during your research? Answer: I plan to approach the formulation and testing of hypotheses by [insert your plan], such as conducting literature reviews, designing experiments, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting results, and seeking feedback from advisors and colleagues. What techniques or methods do you plan to use in your research? Answer: I plan to use [insert specific techniques or methods], which I believe will allow me to conduct research more accurately and efficiently, and explore new areas of biology research. What potential applications do you see for your research in industry or other fields? Answer: Although my research is primarily focused on fundamental biology, I see potential applications in [insert potential applications], such as in developing new drugs or therapies, improving agriculture, or enhancing our understanding of diseases. How do you plan to collaborate with other biologists or organizations outside your institution during your research? Answer: I plan to collaborate with [insert potential collaborators], such as other biologists in my field or researchers from other institutions or industries, which I believe will allow me to leverage diverse expertise and resources and enhance the impact of my research. In summary, the journey of preparing for a PhD interview can indeed be intimidating, but with our meticulously crafted list of questions and answers, you can approach it with confidence and readiness. Regardless of your field of study—whether it’s chemistry, mathematics, physics, computer science, biology, or any other discipline—our comprehensive compilation covers a broad spectrum of topics to help you effectively showcase your expertise and capabilities. By dedicating time to review these questions and honing your responses, you’ll be well-equipped to impress your interviewers and enhance your chances of securing admission to your desired PhD program. So, commit to thorough preparation, engage in ample practice, and above all, remain authentic during your interview. Wishing you the best of luck on your journey!

Author: Aamir Khan

Best sample phd interview questions and answers

Home » Questions » Best sample phd interview questions and answers

Preparing for a PhD interview can be a nerve-wracking experience. The interviewers will be assessing your knowledge, skills, and suitability for the program, and it’s crucial to be well-prepared to make a good impression. One of the best ways to prepare is by familiarizing yourself with common PhD interview questions and crafting thoughtful answers. In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive list of sample PhD interview questions and answers to help you in your preparation.

When it comes to PhD interviews, the questions can vary depending on the specific program and field of study. However, there are certain questions that are commonly asked to assess a candidate’s research skills, academic background, and motivation. By practicing these sample questions and formulating your answers, you can gain confidence and increase your chances of success in the interview.

Remember, the key to a successful PhD interview is not just providing the right answers but also demonstrating your ability to think critically, communicate effectively, and showcase your passion for the subject. Now, let’s dive into the sample PhD interview questions and answers:

See these sample PhD interview questions and answers

What motivated you to pursue a PhD in [your field]?
Can you explain your research interests and why you find them fascinating?
How does your previous academic background align with this PhD program?
What specific research projects or experiences have you been involved in?
How do you plan to contribute to the research community?
What are the potential challenges you anticipate in your proposed research?
How do you plan to overcome those challenges?
What methodologies or techniques will you employ in your research?
Can you explain the significance of your research in the broader context of your field?
What are your short-term and long-term career goals?
How do you plan to balance your research, coursework, and other responsibilities?
How will this PhD program help you achieve your career aspirations?
What are your strengths and weaknesses as a researcher?
Can you discuss any publications or conference presentations you have contributed to?
How do you handle criticism or feedback on your work?
What is your preferred approach to collaboration and teamwork?
How do you stay updated with the latest developments in your field?
Have you faced any ethical challenges in your previous research? How did you handle them?
What are your thoughts on interdisciplinary research?
Can you discuss any innovative ideas or hypotheses you have for your research?
How do you plan to disseminate your research findings?
What are your thoughts on diversity and inclusion in academia?
How do you handle time management and meet deadlines?
What are your strategies for dealing with stress and pressure?
Can you discuss any teaching or mentoring experiences you have had?
How do you plan to balance your teaching responsibilities with your research?
What are your thoughts on the use of technology in research?
How do you define success in academia?
Can you discuss any experiences where you had to troubleshoot a problem in your research?
What are your thoughts on the future of your field?
How do you plan to contribute to the intellectual community of the university?
Can you discuss any experiences where you had to work with a difficult supervisor or colleague?
What are your strategies for maintaining a work-life balance?
How do you plan to secure funding for your research?
What do you hope to achieve during your PhD journey?
Can you discuss any experiences where you had to adapt to unexpected research outcomes?
What are your thoughts on the current challenges and opportunities in your field?
How do you plan to manage intellectual property rights for your research?
What are your strategies for effective communication of complex research ideas?
Can you discuss any experiences where you had to collaborate with researchers from different disciplines?
What are your thoughts on the role of ethics in research?
How do you plan to contribute to the university’s research culture and community?

Remember, while it’s important to prepare for these sample PhD interview questions, it’s equally essential to be adaptable and genuine in your responses. Use these questions as a starting point to develop your own answers based on your unique experiences, skills, and aspirations. Good luck with your PhD interview!

What to expect

The usual format for interviews will be a panel interview, which may contain your potential supervisor, alongside other academic representatives from the department or research group.

The interview itself will usually comprise of being asked questions about your academic background, your motivations for undertaking a PhD as well as some questions specific to your research area.

Different departments across the Faculty of Science and Engineering may have slightly different interview formats. Once you’ve chosen a potential supervisor, you should contact them for more information about interviews in that department.

How to prepare

To be successful in a PhD interview, preparation is key. The interview is an opportunity for you to show you have the focus, drive and tenacity to be a postgraduate researcher.

You may want to think about the following areas when preparing for your interview:

Be confident in demonstrating your knowledge of your chosen research area or of the project research area.
Show your knowledge of the research conducted by your potential supervisor and of the wider department or research group.
Express your enthusiasm and motivation for pursuing postgraduate research, especially in your chosen research area.

And remember, this is a chance for you to figure out if this supervisor is the best fit for you, so be prepared to ask them some questions too.

More From Forbes

Here's how to answer questions about your internship in an interview.

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Be confident, but don't oversell.

If you’re looking for a job, your experience as an intern will be invaluable. During the interview, you’ll need to use it to make a compelling case for both your current capabilities and your potential.

The stakes are high, and your ability to talk about your internship can be the key to success in an interview. With large numbers of applicants for each job, you’ll want to make a great impression and set yourself apart from other applicants.

It can be a little tricky, because you have to hit the right balance—demonstrating confidence, but not overselling; showing how you personally contributed, but ensuring you credit the team; and talking about your capability, but also your openness to learning.

Here’s what you must know, so you can answer questions about your internship brilliantly.

Questions You Need To Be Ready For

You’re probably wondering, “What are common questions about past internships that I’ll hear at my entry-level interview?” And, “What is the interviewer trying to gauge with certain questions?” Or you may be asking, “How do I answer the questions most effectively?”

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Generally speaking, a good rule of thumb is to focus on four key elements in your answer (sometimes referred to as a STAR approach). Share the situation or challenge you faced, then share the task or the goal that you were seeking to accomplish. After that, talk about the actions you took, followed by the results you achieved.

Not all questions will lend themselves to an answer like this, but keeping the formula in mind will help you focus on specifics—which are the most effective and influential in an interview.

Beyond considering the STAR method, here’s the additional information you need to succeed.

1. They'll Ask About The Work You Did

A common question in the interview is, “What kind of work did you do in your internship?” With this question, the interviewer is asking about the true content of the job so they can understand your experience and your skills. They’re also looking for evidence of your engagement and commitment to the work you did.

To answer this question, you’ll need to be specific. Don’t say that you worked on the marketing team, instead, explain the project and how you accomplished it. Talk about your deliverables. Perhaps you developed a report that included recommendations for product bundling or maybe you performed regular analysis of SEO data on the company’s latest marketing campaign.

Be sure to connect the work you did to your skills. For example, you can explain that you worked in the product development department and were able to draw on your knowledge of the design thinking process. Or you can explain the specifics of your HR work, and how you coordinated the mentorship program using your project management skills—or that you developed a study guide for the management curriculum based on your writing skills.

The key here is to avoid overselling. You will need to be confident and descriptive, but avoid exaggerating your contribution. People know internships are typically shorter term and they are designed for the purposes of exposure and learning. Therefore, the work you’re doing is rarely strategic or high-level. If you inflate your efforts, it could backfire as the interviewer may perceive you to be arrogant , cavalier or out of touch.

Talk about your contributions as well as the team you worked with

2. They'll Ask About What You Accomplished

Interviewers want to know the results you were able to achieve. Specifically, they may ask, “What did you accomplish during your internship?” Or they may ask, “What were the results of your work during your internship?”

In these cases, the interviewer is looking for evidence of your performance , your results orientation and your ability to articulate your impact.

As with the prior answers, you’ll want to be specific, but also reasonable. Chances are you didn’t increase sales revenue, improve profitability or change the course of the company—but you’ll want to quantify what you can.

Perhaps you performed analysis of the win rate across 20 sales markets and delivered the report to 12 senior executive decision makers. Or maybe you were part of a team that completed an assessment of supplier diversity programs and recommended four key improvements to improve communication methods with suppliers.

The key to success on this question will be to share enough detail that the interviewer can understand what you did and the impact you had.

3. They’ll Ask About The Team You Worked With

Another question the interviewer will certainly ask is about the team. They’ll ask, “Who did you work with?” Or they may ask, “What was your role on the team?”

In this question, the interviewer is looking for your ability to be collaborate, communicate, interact and be a team player.

Again, success will depend on your ability to be specific. Share the situation you faced and how you worked with others. Talk about what you did and how you obtained direction, sought feedback and built relationships during your internship.

For example, you could share how you participated as a member of the strategy team and led a weekly discussion about a key market trend. Or you could discuss the way you took the lead on a project and the process you used to obtain input from subject matter experts across the organization. You might talk about how you were matched with a mentor and the steps you took to connect and build the relationship.

Be sure to share how you worked effectively with others to get things done.

4. They’ll Ask About What You Liked Or Disliked

Often, interviewers ask about what you liked—or didn’t—about your internship. Here, they’re looking for signals about what you enjoy and the matches to the job you’re interviewing for. Essentially, they are trying to get a sense for your passions and interests as well as your potential fit for the job and the organization.

Be honest, but avoid being negative. Keep in mind the skills they’re likely seeking in a candidate—and talk about the things you liked in your internship that you know are a match.

You might talk about how energized you were by the financial elements of your internship and how you were less interested in making the presentations about your findings. Or you could share an example of how you received especially positive feedback on your exploration of new marketing strategies, but you were less excited about the analytical aspects of the project.

Avoid being negative and be sure to talk about what you liked based on the skills you developed.

5. They’ll Ask About What You Learned

Interviewers are likely to ask what you learned in the interview, and they want to know because they’re exploring your future potential and your penchant for learning.

Be as specific as you can, and talk about your development in both tasks and interactions. You can say that you learned a new software system and built your awareness of how members of the teams worked together to solve common glitches in the program. Or you can discuss the new financial analysis technique you learned as well as the critical nature of client confidentiality.

Also take the opportunity to talk about the value you place on growth and development and all the learning you want to do in the new role. Interviewers want to know your current capability, but they also want to hire people with potential and energy for the future.

What If They Don’t Ask

While these are the typical questions you may receive, you may also wonder, “How can I bring up accomplishments from my internship that weren't asked about?”

You should definitely mention the accomplishments from your internship. If you’re prepared with the few key things you’d like to highlight, you should be able to bring them into your answers on the other questions the interviewer asks. For example, if you’re asked about teamwork, you can talk about the project you led and the way you partnered with team members to accomplish a certain set of results.

On the other hand, if you’re not able to cover all your accomplishments, you can take advantage of the later part of the interview to ask whether it would be alright if you mention one or two more outcomes of your work—and use that time. Or if the interviewer asks whether you have any questions, you could ask one or two of your own questions and then also ask if you could mention one final accomplishment.

Just be sure you’re managing your time, and that you’re not rambling or repeating yourself. Be succinct and clear in the few points you want to make, and be respectful of the interviewer’s schedule and efficient in making your points, so you can still end on time.

The Value Of Internships

Overall, you’ll be in a strong position to highlight your skills, capabilities and potential when you’re able to clearly articulate details about your internship. Be sure to prepare thoroughly by researching the company, the position and the interviewer (if you can), so you can be ready with answers that are concise and in good alignment with what you know they’ll be listening for.

Be yourself and be authentic about your experiences, but also be confident about all you can bring to the company. With this approach you’ll have a bright future with plenty of job offers.

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Download Interview guide PDF

Kotlin interview questions, download pdf.

Kotlin is an open-source, general-purpose, statically typed programming language. It is JVM-based and may be used in all projects where Java is currently used. It may be used to create Android apps, server-side apps, and a variety of other applications. It is an improved version of Java and is completely interoperable with it. We can even mix Kotlin and Java in the same project. It blends Object Oriented Programming (OOPs) and functional programming in a platform that is unlimited, self-contained, and unique. It also enables functional twinning using microcodes.

The JetBrains team created Kotlin. The language was initially launched in February 2016 after a project began in 2010 to develop it. The Apache 2.0 license was used to create Kotlin.

Programs written in Kotlin do not require semicolons. This makes the code more readable and easy to understand. This language enables the interchange and usage of Java in a variety of ways. Furthermore, code written in Java and Kotlin can coexist in the same project. The type system of Kotlin is designed to eliminate NullPointerException from code. Writing new code in Kotlin will take you less time. Kotlin code is even easier to deploy and manage at scale.

The following are the features of Kotlin:-

Compact code : Kotlin is an OOPs-based programming language with code lines that may be reduced by up to 40% when compared to Java, making it an excellent choice for software development.
Open Source : Kotlin for Android is open-source and uses the JVM to combine the benefits of OOPs and functional programming.
Simple Language : When working with Kotlin, compiling the code is simple, resulting in improved performance for Android development . It also explains which types of data functions can be used throughout the code.
High number of extensions : Without modifying the code, Kotlin may support a variety of extension functions. It aids developers in making existing code more appealing and wonderful.
Full Java Interoperability : Java code can utilize Kotlin code, and Kotlin code can use Java code. So, if you're familiar with OOPS programming, switching to Kotlin development is simple. Also, if there are any Java-based applications, they can be used with Kotlin's environment.
Smart Cast : Smart casting is a technique that reduces the cost of an application while also improving its speed and performance. It uses typecasting or immutable data to manage the efficiency of programming. This technique is supported by Kotlin.
Low Learning Curve : Kotlin is preferred by businesses due to its low adoption cost. Most significantly, it is simple for developers to learn, especially if they have programming experience. Learn More .

Kotlin Interview Questions for Freshers

1. explain about the “when” keyword in the context of kotlin..

The “when” keyword is used in Kotlin to substitute the switch operator in other languages such as Java. When a certain condition is met, a specific block of code must be run. Inside the when expression, it compares all of the branches one by one until a match is discovered. After finding the first match, it proceeds to the conclusion of the when block and executes the code immediately following the when block. We do not need a break statement at the end of each case, unlike switch cases in Java or any other programming language.

For example,

Explanation:- In the above code, the variable temp has the value “Interview”. The when condition matches for the exact value as that of temp’s and executes the corresponding code statements. Thus, “Interview Bit is the solution” is printed.

2. What are the advantages of Kotlin over Java?

Following are the advantages of Kotlin over Java:-

Data class: In Java, you must create getters and setters for each object, as well as properly write hashCode (or allow the IDE to build it for you, which you must do every time you update the class), toString, and equals. Alternatively, you could utilize lombok, but that has its own set of issues. In Kotlin, data classes take care of everything.
Patterns of getter and setter: In Java, for each variable, you use it for, rewrite the getter and setter methods. You don't have to write getter and setter in kotlin, and if you must, custom getter and setter take a lot less typing. There are additional delegates for identical getters and setters.
Extension Functions: In Java, there is no support for extension functions. Kotlin on the other hand provides support for extension functions which makes the code more clear and cleaner.
Support for one common codebase: You may extract one common codebase that will target all of them at the same time using the Kotlin Multi-Platform framework.
Support for Null Safety: Kotlin has built-in null safety support, which is a lifesaver, especially on Android, which is full of old Java-style APIs.
Less prone to errors: There is less space for error because it is more concise and expressive than Java.

3. What are the various data types available in Kotlin? Explain them.

Primitive data types are the most basic data types in Kotlin, and all others are reference types like array and string. Kotlin contains all data types as objects. Following are the different data types available in Kotlin:-

Integer Data Type -

Data Type	Space Required
byte	8 bits
short	16 bits
int	32 bits
long	64 bits

Floating Point Data Type -

Data Type	Space Required
float	32 bits
double	64 bits

Boolean Data Type -

True or false is the only bit of information represented by the Boolean data type. In Kotlin, the Boolean type is the same as in Java.

Data Type	Space Required
boolean	1 bit

Character Data Type -

Small letters (a-z), capital letters (A-Z), numerals (0-9), and other symbols are represented by the character data type.

Data Type	Space Required
char	8 bits

String Data Type -

Strings are represented in Kotlin by the type String. A string value is often a sequence of characters enclosed in double quotations ("). The space required in this case depends on the number of characters in the string.

Array Data Type -

The Array class in Kotlin is used to represent arrays. It has the get and set functions that, due to operator overloading conventions, can be used as ‘[]’ as well. The space required by the array also depends on the number of elements it posses.

4. Differentiate between open and public keywords in Kotlin.

The keyword “open” refers to the term "open for expansion". The open annotation on a class is the polar opposite of the final annotation in Java: it allows others to inherit from it. By default, a class cannot be inherited in Kotlin. In Kotlin, an open method signifies that it can be overridden, whereas it cannot be by default. Instead, any methods in Java can be overridden by default.

In Kotlin, all the classes are final by default. If no visibility modifier is specified, the public is used by default, which means our declarations will be accessible everywhere inside the program.

5. What do you understand about Companion Object in the context of Kotlin?

In some languages, such as Java, the static keyword is used to declare class members and utilise them without creating an object, i.e. by simply calling them by their class name. In Kotlin, there is nothing called the “static” keyword. So, if we want to achieve the functionality of static member functions, we use the companion objects. This is also referred to as Object Extension.

We must use the companion keyword in front of the object definition to construct a companion object.

We can also remove the CompanionObject name and replace it with the term companion, resulting in the companion object's default name being Companion, as shown below:

All the required static member functions and member variables can be kept inside the companion object created. For example,

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6. what do you understand about function extension in the context of kotlin explain..

In Kotlin, we can add or delete method functionality using extensions, even without inheriting or altering them. Extensions are statistically resolved. It provides a callable function that may be invoked with a dot operation, rather than altering the existing class.

Function Extension - Kotlin allows users to specify a method outside of the main class via function extension. We'll see how the extension is implemented at the functional level in the following example:

Explanation:-

We don't have a method named "addStr" inside the "Sample" class in the preceding example, but we are implementing the same method outside of the class. This is all because of function extension.

7. How can you concatenate two strings in Kotlin?

Following are the different ways by which we can concatenate two strings in Kotlin:

Using String Interpolation:- We use the technique of string interpolation to concatenate the two strings. Basically, we substitute the strings in place of their placeholders in the initialisation of the third string.

Using the + or plus() operator:- We use the ‘+’ operator to concatenate the two strings and store them in a third variable.

Using StringBuilder:- We concatenate two strings using the StringBuilder object. First, we append the first string and then the second string.

8. Explain the various methods to iterate over any data structure in Kotlin with examples.

Following are the different ways to iterate over any data structure in Kotlin :

For Loop - The for loop is used to scan any data structure that supplies an iterator in this case. It is not used in the same way as the for loop in other programming languages such as Java or C.

In Kotlin, the for loop has the following Syntax :

Here, collection refers to the data structure to be iterated and item refers to each element of the data structure.

While Loop - It is made up of a code block and a condition to be checked for each iteration. First, the while condition is assessed, and if it is true, the code within the block is executed. Because the condition is verified every time before entering the block, it repeats until the condition turns false. The while loop can be thought of as a series of if statements that are repeated.

The while loop's syntax is as follows:

Do While Loop - The condition is assessed after all of the statements inside the block have been executed. If the do-while condition is true, the code block is re-executed. As long as the expression evaluates to true, the code block execution procedure is repeated. The loop ends if the expression becomes false, and control is passed to the sentence following the do-while loop. Because it verifies the condition after the block is executed, it's also known as a post-test loop.

The do-while loop's syntax is as follows:

9. What are the different types of constructors available in Kotlin? Explain them with proper examples.

There are two types of Kotlin constructors:

Primary Constructor - This type of constructor is initialised in the class header and is provided after the class name. It is declared using the “constructor” keyword. Parameters are optional in this type of constructor. For example,

If no annotations or access modifiers are provided, the constructor keyword can be omitted. The initialization code can be placed in a separate initializer block prefixed with the init keyword because the primary constructor cannot contain any code.

For example,

Explanation - The values 1 and 2 are supplied to the constructor arguments a and b when the object s1 is created for the class Sample. In the class p and q , two attributes are specified. The initializer block is called when an object is created, and it not only sets up the attributes but also prints them to the standard output.

Secondary Constructor - Secondary constructors allow for the initialization of variables as well as the addition of logic to the class. They have the constructor keyword prefixed to them. For example,

The compiler determines which secondary constructor will be called based on the inputs provided. We don't specify which constructor to use in the above program, so the compiler chooses for us.

In Kotlin, a class can contain one or more secondary constructors and at most one primary constructor. The primary constructor initializes the class, while the secondary constructor initialises the class and adds some additional logic.

10. Differentiate between Kotlin and Java.

Following are the differences between Kotlin and Java :-

Basis	Kotlin	Java
Null Safety	By default, all sorts of variables in Kotlin are non-nullable (that is, we can't assign null values to any variables or objects). Kotlin code will fail to build if we try to assign or return null values. If we absolutely want a null value for a variable, we can declare it as follows: value num: Int? = null	NullPointerExceptions are a big source of annoyance for Java developers. Users can assign null to any variable, however, when accessing an object reference with a null value, a null pointer exception is thrown, which the user must manage.
Coroutines Support	We can perform long-running expensive tasks in several threads in Kotlin, but we also have coroutines support, which halt execution at a given moment without blocking threads while doing long-running demanding operations.	The corresponding thread in Java will be blocked anytime we launch a long-running network I/0 or CPU-intensive task. Android is a single-threaded operating system by default. Java allows you to create and execute numerous threads in the background, but managing them is a difficult operation.
Data Classes	If we need to have data-holding classes in Kotlin, we may define a class with the keyword "data" in the class declaration, and the compiler will take care of everything, including constructing constructors, getter, and setter methods for various fields.	Let's say we need a class in Java that only holds data and nothing else. Constructors, variables to store data, getter and setter methods, hashcode(), function toString(), and equals() functions are all required to be written explicitly by the developer.
Functional Programming	Kotlin is procedural and functional programming (a programming paradigm where we aim to bind everything in functional units) language that has numerous useful features such as lambda expressions, operator overloading, higher-order functions, and lazy evaluation, among others.	Java does not allow functional programming until Java 8, however it does support a subset of Java 8 features when developing Android apps.
Extension Functions	Kotlin gives developers the ability to add new functionality to an existing class. By prefixing the name of a class to the name of the new function, we can build extended functions.	In Java, we must create a new class and inherit the parent class if we want to enhance the functionality of an existing class. As a result, Java does not have any extension functions.
Data Type Inference	We don't have to declare the type of each variable based on the assignment it will handle in Kotlin. We can specify explicitly if we want to.	When declaring variables in Java, we must declare the type of each variable explicitly.
Smart Casting	Smart casts in Kotlin will take care of these casting checks with the keyword "is-checks," which checks for immutable values and conducts implicit casting.	We must examine the type of variables in Java and cast them appropriately for our operation.
Checked Exceptions	We don't have checked exceptions in Kotlin. As a result, developers do not need to declare or catch exceptions, which has both benefits and drawbacks.	We have checked exceptions support in Java, which enables developers to declare and catch exceptions, resulting in more robust code with better error handling.

11. Explain Safe call, Elvis and Not Null Assertion operator in the context of Kotlin.

Safe Call operator ( ?. ) - Null comparisons are trivial, but the number of nested if-else expressions can be exhausting. So, in Kotlin, there's a Safe call operator,?, that simplifies things by only doing an action when a specified reference holds a non-null value. It allows us to use a single expression to perform both a null check and a method call.

The following expression in Kotlin

is equivalent to the following

Elvis Operator ( ?: ) - When the original variable is null, the Elvis operator is used to return a non-null value or a default value. In other words, the elvis operator returns the left expression if it is not null, otherwise, it yields the right expression. Only if the left-hand side expression is null is the right-hand side evaluated.

Furthermore, on the right side of the Elvis operator, we may use throw and return expressions, which is particularly handy in functions. As a result, instead of returning a default value on the right side of the Elvis operator, we can throw an exception. For example,

Not Null Assertion Operator ( !! ) - If the value is null, the not null assertion (!!) operator changes it to a non-null type and throws an exception.

Anyone who wants a NullPointerException can ask for it explicitly with this operator.

The above code snippet gives the following output:-

12. Explain the concept of null safety in Kotlin.

Kotlin's type system aims to eradicate null references from the code. If a program throws NullPointerExceptions at runtime it might result in application failure or system crashes. If the Kotlin compiler finds a null reference it throws a NullPointerException.

The Kotlin type system distinguishes between references that can hold null (nullable references) and those that cannot (non-null references). Null cannot be stored in a String variable. We get a compiler error if we try to assign null to the variable.

If we want the above string to be able to hold null value as well, we can declare it of type nullable using the ‘?’ operator after the String keyword as follows :

Kotlin provides Safe Call (?.), Elvis (?:) and Not Null Assertion (!!) operators which define what needs to be done in case of a null encounter. This makes the code more reliable and less prone to errors. Thus, Kotlin enforces null safety by having nullable, non-nullable type variables and the different operators to tackle null encounters.

13. What are data classes in Kotlin? Explain with a proper example.

The Data class is a simple class that holds data and provides typical functions. To declare a class as a data class, use the data keyword.

The following functions are automatically derived by the compiler for the data classes:

equals() - The equals() function returns true if two objects have the identical contents. It operates similarly to "==," although for Float and Double values it works differently.
hashCode() - The hashCode() function returns the object's hashcode value.
copy() - The copy() function is used to duplicate an object, changing only a few of its characteristics while leaving the rest unaltered.
toString() - This function returns a string containing all of the data class's parameters.

To ensure consistency, data classes must meet the following requirements:

At least one parameter is required for the primary constructor.
val or var must be used for all primary constructor parameters.
Abstract, open, sealed, or inner data classes are not possible.
Only interfaces may be implemented by data classes.

The above code snippet creates a data class Sample with two parameters.

Here, we create an instance of the data class Sample and pass the parameters to it.

14. How are variables declared in Kotlin? What are the different types of variables in Kotlin? Explain with examples.

Every variable in Kotlin must be declared before it can be used. An attempt to use a variable without declaring it results in a syntax error. The type of data you are authorised to put in the memory address is determined by the variable type declaration. The type of variable can be determined from the initialised value in the case of local variables.

var site = "interviewbit"

The above code declares a variable “site” of type String because the value with which the variable is initialised is a String.

There are broadly two types of variables in Kotlin. They are as follows:-

Immutable Variables — Immutable variables are also known as read-only variables. They are declared using the val keyword. Once these variables have been declared, we cannot change their values.

The syntax is as follows :

The second line in the above code snippet would result in a compile-time error as expected.

Because it can be initialized with the value of a variable, an immutable variable is not a constant. It means that the value of an immutable variable does not need to be known at compile-time and that if it is defined inside a construct that is called several times, it can take on a different value with each function call. For example,

The above code snippet runs fine and does not produce any errors.

Mutable Variables - In a mutable variable, the value of the variable can be changed. We use the keyword “var” to declare such variables.

Kotlin Interview Questions for Experienced

1. what are some of the disadvantages of kotlin.

Following are some of the disadvantages of Kotlin:

In Kotlin, there are a few keywords that have non-obvious meanings: internal, crossinline, expect, reified, sealed, inner, open. Java has none of these.
Checked exceptions are likewise absent in Kotlin. Although checked exceptions have become less prominent, many programmers believe them to be an effective technique to ensure that their code is stable.
A lot of what happens in Kotlin is hidden. You can almost always trace the logic of a program in Java. When it comes to bug hunting, this can be really useful. If you define a data class in Kotlin, getters, setters, equality testing, tostring, and hashcode are automatically added for you.
Learning resources are limited. The number of developers who are moving to Kotlin is growing, yet there is a small developer community accessible to help them understand the language or address problems during development.
Kotlin has variable compilation speed. In some situations, Kotlin outperforms Java, particularly when executing incremental builds. However, we must remember that when it comes to clean builds, Java is the clear winner.

2. Differentiate between launch / join and async / await in Kotlin.

launch / join:-

The launch command is used to start and stop a coroutine. It's as though a new thread has been started. If the code inside the launch throws an exception, it's considered as an uncaught exception in a thread, which is typically written to stderr in backend JVM programs and crashes Android applications. Join is used to wait for the launched coroutine to complete before propagating its exception. A crashed child coroutine, on the other hand, cancels its parent with the matching exception.

async / await:-

The async keyword is used to initiate a coroutine that computes a result. You must use await on the result, which is represented by an instance of Deferred. Uncaught exceptions in async code are held in the resultant Deferred and are not transmitted anywhere else. They are not executed until processed.

3. What do you understand about the backing field in Kotlin?

A backing field is an auto-generated field for any property that may only be used inside accessors (getter or setter) and will only be present if it utilizes the default implementation of at least one of the accessors, or if a custom accessor refers to it through the field identifier. This backing field is used to avoid an accessor's recursive call, which would result in a StackOverflowError.

Fields are not allowed in Kotlin classes. When employing custom accessors, however, it is occasionally required to have a backing field. Kotlin includes an automatic backing field for these purposes, which may be accessed by the field identifier.

Explanation:- Here the field identifier acts as a reference to the property “marks” value in the get() and set() method. So, whenever we call the get(), we get the field’s value returned. Similarly, whenever we call the set(), we set the “marks” property value to “value”.

4. What do you understand about sealed classes in Kotlin?

Kotlin introduces a crucial new form of class that isn't seen in Java. These are referred to as "sealed classes." Sealed classes, as the name implies, adhere to constrained or bounded class hierarchies. A sealed class is one that has a set of subclasses. When it is known ahead of time that a type will conform to one of the subclass types, it is employed. Type safety (that is, the compiler will validate types during compilation and throw an exception if a wrong type has been assigned to a variable) is ensured through sealed classes, which limit the types that can be matched at compile time rather than runtime.

The syntax is as follows:-

Another distinguishing aspect of sealed classes is that their constructors are by default private. Due to the fact that a sealed class is automatically abstract, it cannot be instantiated.

Explanation:- In the above code, we have created a sealed class named “Sample” and we have created two sub classes within it named “A” and “B”. In the main function, we create an instance of both the sub classes and call their “print” method.

5. Explain suspend function in the context of Kotlin.

A function that may be started, halted, then resumed is known as a suspend function. One of the most important things to remember about the suspend functions is that they can only be invoked from another suspend function or from a coroutine. Suspending functions are merely standard Kotlin functions with the suspend modifier added, indicating that they can suspend coroutine execution without blocking the current thread. This means that the code you're looking at may pause execution when it calls a suspending function and restart execution at a later time. However, it makes no mention of what will happen to the present thread in the meantime.

Suspending functions can call any other ordinary functions, but another suspending function is required to suspend the execution. Because a suspending function cannot be called from a regular function, numerous coroutine builders are supplied, allowing you to call a suspending function from a non-suspending scope like launch, async, or runBlocking.

delay() function is an example of suspend function.

6. Explain scope functions in the context of Kotlin. What are the different types of Scope functions available in Kotlin?

The Kotlin standard library includes numerous functions that aid in the execution of a block of code within the context of an object. When you use a lambda expression to call these functions on an object, temporary scope is created. These functions are referred to as Scope functions. The object of these functions can be accessed without knowing its name. Scope functions make code more clear, legible, and succinct, which are key qualities of the Kotlin programming language.

Following are the different types of Scope functions available in Kotlin:-

let:- Context object: it Return value: lambda result The let function is frequently used for null safety calls. For null safety, use the safe call operator(?.) with ‘let'. It only runs the block with a non-null value.
apply:- Context object: this Return value: context object “Apply these to the object,” as the name suggests. It can be used to operate on receiver object members, primarily to initialise them.
with:- Context object: this Return value: lambda result When calling functions on context objects without supplying the lambda result, ‘with' is recommended.
run:- Context object: this Return value: lambda result The ‘run' function is a combination of the ‘let' and ‘with' functions. When the object lambda involves both initialization and computation of the return value, this is the method to use. We can use run to make null safety calls as well as other calculations.
also:- Context object: it Return value: context object It's used when we need to do additional operations after the object members have been initialised.

7. What do you understand about coroutines in the context of Kotlin?

Unlike many other languages with equivalent capabilities, async and await are neither keywords nor part of Kotlin's standard library. JetBrains' kotlinx.coroutines library is a comprehensive library for coroutines. It includes a number of high-level coroutine-enabled primitives, such as launch and async. Kotlin Coroutines provide an API for writing asynchronous code in a sequential manner.

Coroutines are similar to thin threads. Coroutines are lightweight since they don't allocate new threads when they're created. Instead, they employ pre-defined thread pools as well as intelligent scheduling. The process of deciding which piece of work you will do next is known as scheduling. Coroutines can also be paused and resumed in the middle of their execution. This means you can have a long-term project that you can work on incrementally. You can pause it as many times as you want and continue it whenever you're ready.

8. Differentiate between lateinit and lazy initialisation. Explain the cases when you should use lateinit and when you should use lazy initialisation.

Following are the differences between lateinit and lazy initialisation:-

lateinit	lazy initialisation
The main purpose is to delay the initialisation to a later point in time.	The main purpose is to initialise an object only when it is used at a later point in time. Also, a single copy of the object is maintained throughout the program.
It's possible to initialise the object from anywhere in the program.	Only the initializer lambda can be used to initialise it.
Multiple initializations are possible in this case.	Only a single initialisation is possible in this case.
It's not thread-safe. In a multi-threaded system, it is up to the user to correctly initialise.	Thread-safety is enabled by default, ensuring that the initializer is only called once.
It works only with var.	It works only with val.
The isInitialized method is added to verify if the value has previously been initialised.	It is impossible to uninitialize a property.
Properties of primitive types are not allowed	Allowable on primitive type properties.

There are a few easy principles to follow when deciding whether to use lateinit or lazy initialisation for property initialization:

Use lateInit if properties are mutable (i.e., they may change later).
Use lateinit if properties are set externally (for example, if you need to pass in an external variable to set it). There is still a way to use lazy, but it isn't as obvious.
If they're only meant to be initialised once and shared by everybody, and they're more internally set (depending on a class variable), then lazy is the way to go. We could still use lateinit in a tactical sense, but utilising lazy initialisation would better encapsulate our initialization code.

9. Explain lazy initialization in the context of Kotlin.

There are some classes whose object initialization is so time-consuming that it causes the entire class creation process to be delayed. Lazy initialisation helps in such problems. When we declare an object using lazy initialisation, the object is initialised only once when the object is used. If the object is not used throughout, the object is not initialised. This makes the code more efficient and faster.

For example, let us imagine you have a SlowClass class and you require an object of that SlowClass in a different class called FastClass:

We are generating a large object here, which will cause the development of the FastClass to be slow or delayed. There may be times where the SlowClass object isn't required. As a result, the lazy keyword can assist you in this situation:

Explanation:- In the above code, we have instantiated an object of the SlowClass inside the class structure of the FastClass using lazy initialisation. The object of the SlowClass is generated only when it is accessed in the above code, that is, when we call the access() method of the FastClass object and the same object is present throughout the main() method.

10. What do you understand about lateinit in Kotlin? When would you consider using it?

lateinit is an abbreviation for late initiation. If you don't want to initialize a variable in the constructor and instead want to do it later, and you can guarantee the initialization before using it, use the lateinit keyword to declare that variable. It won't start allocating memory until it's been initialized. Lateinit cannot be used for primitive type attributes like Int, Long, and so on. Because the lateinit variable will be initialized later, you cannot use val. When a lateinit property is accessed before it has been initialized, a special exception is thrown that explicitly identifies the property and the fact that it hasn't been initialized.

When the testFunction is called, we get the following output:-

There are a few scenarios in which this is particularly useful, for example:

Variables that are initialized in lifecycle methods in Android;
Using Dagger for DI: injected class variables are initialized outside of the constructor and independently;
Setup for unit tests: in a @Before - annotated function, test environment variables are initialized;
Annotations in Spring Boot (for example, @Autowired).

11. Which one is better to use - val mutableList or var immutableList in the context of Kotlin?

The program's design clarity is improved by using mutable and immutable lists. This is done to have the developer think about and clarify the collection's purpose.

We use a mutable list if the collection will alter as part of the design. On the other hand, we use an immutable list if the model is only meant to be viewed.

Val and var serve a distinct purpose than immutable and mutable lists. The val and var keywords specify how a variable's value/reference should be handled. We use var when the value or reference of a variable can be altered at any moment. On the other hand, we use val when a variable's value/reference can only be assigned once and cannot be modified later in the execution.

Immutable lists are frequently preferred for a variety of reasons:

They promote functional programming, in which state is passed on to the next function, which constructs a new state based on it, rather than being altered. This is evident in Kotlin collection methods like map, filter, reduce, and so forth.
It's often easier to understand and debug software that doesn't have any side effects (you can be sure that the value of an object will always be the one at its definition).
Because no write access is required in multi-threaded systems, immutable resources cannot induce race conditions.

However, there are some disadvantages of using immutable lists as well. They are as follows :

Copying large collections simply to add/remove a single piece is very expensive.
When you need to alter single fields frequently, immutability can make the code more difficult. Data classes in Kotlin provide a built-in copy() method that allows you to clone an instance while changing only part of the fields' values.

Is it possible to execute Kotlin code without JVM?

Which of the following is the one thing that an abstract class can do but not an interface in the context of Kotlin?

Which of the following file extensions denotes a Kotlin file?

The following code snippet gives a compilation error.

Which one of the following describes the reason for it?

Is Kotlin Backward compatible?

Which of the following targets is currently not supported by Kotlin?

Which of the following is used to handle null exceptions in Kotlin?

Are macros supported in Kotlin?

Which of the following options is used to make a multi line comment in Kotlin?

Which of the following best describes a sealed class in Kotlin?

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PhD Interview Questions and Answers
PhD Interview Questions and Answers - 12 Things You ...
PhD Interview Questions and Answers (13 Questions + Answers)
Most PhD applications include an interview. This allows your university (and perhaps even your prospective supervisor) to discuss the PhD with you in more detail. This article lists some of the most common PhD interview questions along with their answers. The goal is to help you prepare for a PhD interview and pass with flying colors.
Top 10 Common PhD Interview Questions and Answers
Top 10 Common PhD Interview Questions and Answers
Top 50 PhD Interview Questions and Answers
Top 50 PhD Interview Questions and Answers
Common PhD Interview Questions
Common PhD Interview Questions
Top 10 PhD Interview Questions
Top 10 PhD Interview Questions
To ace your Ph.D. program interviews, prepare to answer—and ...
To ace your Ph.D. program interviews, prepare to answer—and ask—these key questions. You've made it to the last step of the Ph.D. application process: the interview. Congratulations! But amid the excitement and butterflies, don't neglect the crucial next step: preparation. Grad school interviews—in which aspiring graduate students meet ...
Top 15 PhD interview questions that you must be ready to answer!
Here I included a list of the most difficult PhD interview questions so that you can get yourself ready. But remember, this isn't just about them asking you questions - you can also do so! If you want me the share the best PhD interview questions to ask as a prospective PhD candidate, please do let me know in the comments!.
The PhD Interview
The PhD Interview - What to Expect and How to Prepare
Top Ten PhD Interview Questions and Answers
Top 10 interview questions. The "right" answers to these are personal and depend greatly on what the specific staff members and their department is looking for.Scour the PhD studentship advert, the department's mission statement, vision, aims and objectives and information about current staff research to learn about research priorities, interests, and positions in theoretical debates.
Top 25 PhD Interview Questions & Answers
The interview process for a PhD position is a crucial step where candidates showcase their potential as researchers. PhD interview questions are designed to probe not only the depth of a candidate's knowledge but also their passion, problem-solving abilities, and suitability for the academic community. This article provides insights into the ...
Top PhD Interview Questions (With Sample Answers and Tips)
A Ph.D. interview can range from an informal conversation with a potential advisor to a formal panel interview. All Ph.D. interviews include questions about your academic accomplishments, research topic, motivation for applying, and aspirations. Below is a list of common Ph.D. interview questions and sample answers: 1. Can you tell me about ...
PhD Interview Questions & Answers
PhD interview questions can be very tricky to answer and this is for a good reason. Studying for a PhD is an amazing academic achievement, as well as serious time commitment, and it's certainly not one for the faint-hearted.Once you've decided to embark on this academic path, your PhD interviewer needs to be sure that you are able to rise to the challenge and are academically capable of ...
120 Common and Difficult Graduate School Interview Questions
120 Common and Difficult Graduate School Interview Questions
Top 25 PhD Interview Questions and Answers in 2024
Top 25 PhD Interview Questions and Answers in 2024. If you desire to advance academically, be aware that attending a Ph.D. interview is a fundamental part of the admission process. Many institutions must interview potential candidates to ascertain whether they exhibit adequate commitment, discipline, and passion for completing the program.
Key PhD Interview Questions (And How to Answer Them)
Answer Your PhD Interview Questions With Confidence. Preparing for a PhD interview requires careful reflection on your research proposal, experiences, and motivations. By anticipating the questions that may arise and thinking through your responses, you can present yourself confidently and make a strong impression on the interview panel. ...
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We have collated some of the questions that are frequently asked in a PhD interview, along with tips on how to answer them. But please remember, the interview process varies widely and this blog aims to provide a suggestive framework on how to answer. "Tell us about yourself". This is a typical opening interview question and is often used ...
PDF 27 PhD INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
PHD INTERVIEW www.How2Become.com Q4. What makes you the right candidate for this Ph.D.? Sample Answer: My strong academic foundation, combined with practical research experience in [Your Field of Study], makes me an ideal candidate for this Ph.D. program. I have demonstrated perseverance, creativity, and a
PhD Interview Questions
Our guide to potential PhD interview questions should help you make the most of your interview, highlight your strengths and ensure you easily glide through all the answers. Questions about you. A PhD is all about 3 years of in-depth independent research, so you'll need to show in your answers that you're dedicated enough to complete 3 ...
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PhD interview questions and answers. Preparing for a PhD interview can be nerve-wracking, but our PhD interview questions and answers can help ease your anxiety. We provide a comprehensive list of common questions and answers that you may encounter during your interview process. From research methodologies to future plans, our questions and ...
Best sample phd interview questions and answers
In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive list of sample PhD interview questions and answers to help you in your preparation. When it comes to PhD interviews, the questions can vary depending on the specific program and field of study. However, there are certain questions that are commonly asked to assess a candidate's ...
14 Common PhD Interview Questions
Most PhD applications include an interview stage and preparing for your interview is important in order to make a good impression on the interview panel. Reviewing sample PhD interview questions allows you to prepare your answers ahead of time and perhaps even rehearse so that you can feel confident on the interview day. In this article, we ...
Postgraduate research interview tips
The interview itself will usually comprise of being asked questions about your academic background, your motivations for undertaking a PhD as well as some questions specific to your research area. ... To be successful in a PhD interview, preparation is key. The interview is an opportunity for you to show you have the focus, drive and tenacity ...
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How to answer PhD interview questions. There isn't necessarily a hard-and-fast rule for students who are answering difficult questions in a PhD interview, but the best thing for you to do is to remain confident, relaxed and attentive. And remember, be yourself! These are some common questions for you to be asked: Can you tell us about yourself?
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Be confident, but don't oversell. getty. If you're looking for a job, your experience as an intern will be invaluable. During the interview, you'll need to use it to make a compelling case for ...
Top Kotlin Interview Questions and Answers (2024)
Top Kotlin Interview Questions and Answers (2024)