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How to Cite a PowerPoint Presentation in APA, MLA or Chicago

Let’s be honest: Sometimes the best information for a paper comes straight from a professor’s PowerPoint presentation. But did you know that source needs to be cited?

Whether you’re making use of your instructor’s lecture materials or pulling information from a Powerpoint found online, you need to make sure to cite your sources if you use information from it in a project or paper.

Here’s a run -t hrough of everything this page includes:  

• Cite a PowerPoint Presentation in MLA format
• Cite a PowerPoint Presentation in APA format
• Cite a PowerPoint Presentation in Chicago Style

By now, you’re probably familiar with how to cite websites, books or journal articles, but not as knowledgeable about how to cite a Powerpoint presentation. In actuality, citing PowerPoint presentations aren’t all that different from citing written materials, so don’t let yourself be phased! It’s not too hard and compiling an MLA works cited or APA reference page doesn’t take too long—each one should take just a few minutes to create.

To help you with the process, we’ve put together a handy guide demonstrating how to cite a PowerPoint presentation in three commonly used citation styles: MLA, APA and Chicago.

Let’s start by looking for basic information you’ll need for the citation.

Information you may need to cite a PowerPoint Presentation:

• Author or authors of the presentation
• Presentation title
• Date of publication/presentation
• Place of publication/where the presentation was given
• URL (if used to locate the presentation)

Cite a PowerPoint Presentation in MLA format:

MLA format citation structure:

Author Last Name, First Name. Presentation Title. Month Year, URL. PowerPoint Presentation.

Example citation :

Park, Lisa. Effective Working Teams . Jan. 2011, https://www.company.meetings/teams. PowerPoint Presentation.

In-text citation structure:

(Last Name)

Example in-text citation:

Cite a PowerPoint Presentation in APA format:  

APA reference structure:

Author or Presenter Last Name, Middle Initial. First Initial. (Date of publication). Title of presentation [PowerPoint presentation]. Conference Name, Location. URL

Example reference:

Park, L. (2011, March 24-28). Effective working teams [PowerPoint presentation]. Regional Dairy Workers National Conference, New York, NY, United States. https://www.company.meetings/teams

Cite a PowerPoint Presentation in Chicago Style:

Chicago citation structure:

Author Last Name, First Name. “Presentation Title.” Lecture, Location of Lecture, Month Day, Year.

Example citation:

Park, Lisa. “Effective Working Teams.” Lecture, The Plaza Hotel, New York, NY, January 11, 2011.

Troubleshooting

Solution #1: how to cite a powerpoint that has multiple authors..

For a presentation with multiple authors, list the authors alphabetically by last name for the full reference citation. The citation will list each author by Last Name, First Initial.

If the PowerPoint has just two authors, separate them with a comma and an ampersand (&). If the PowerPoint has more than two authors, list the authors separated by commas.

Reference examples:

Felner, D., & Nguy, A. (2021 April 10-12). The history of Claymation [Slideshow]. Animation Now, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Felner, D., Nguy, A., Becham, G. (2021 April 10-12). The history of Claymation [Slideshow]. Animation Now, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

For an in-text citation for two authors, give both surnames separated by an ampersand (&) followed by a comma and the year of publication or presentation.

For an in-text citation for three or more authors, list the first author’s surname followed by “et al.” followed by a comma and the year of publication or presentation.

In-text citation examples:

(Felner & Nguy, 2021)

(Felner et al., 2021)

For a PowerPoint with two presenters or authors, include both names in the full works-cited citation. The names need to be written as follows: First presenter’s Last Name, First Name, and then the second presenter’s First Name and Last Name.

For an in-text citation, simply list the surnames of both presenters.

In-text citation example:

(Nguy and Felner)

Work-cited entry example:

Nguy, Anna and Dominic Felner. The History of Claymation. Apr. 2021. PowerPoint Presentation.

For a PowerPoint with three or more presenters, only list one presenter’s name followed by a comma and “et al.”

For an in-text citation for three or more authors or presenters , list the surname given in the full works-cited citation followed by “et al.”

(Nguy et al.)

Nguy, Anna et al. The History of Claymation. Apr. 2021. PowerPoint Presentation.

Solution #2 How to cite a slideshow that wasn’t made with PowerPoint

If making a full works-cited citation for a slideshow that was made with another program other than PowerPoint, include the medium in brackets instead of PowerPoint.

If the presentation is not in PowerPoint, and you can’t determine what software was used, include the word “slideshow” in brackets in place of PowerPoint.

Nguy, A. (2021 April 10-12). The history of Claymation [Prezi presentation]. Animation Now, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Nguy, A. (2021 April 10-12). The history of Claymation [Slideshow]. Animation Now, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

The in-text citation will be formatted like any other APA in-text citation (author last name, year).

(Nguy, 2021)

At the end of your full works-cited citation, include the program the slideshow was made with, formatted as:  ______ Presentation.

If you are uncertain of the program used, end your citation with “slideshow” followed by a period. Nguy, Anna. The history of Claymation. Apr. 2021. Prezi Presentation. Nguy, Anna. The history of Claymation . Apr. 2021. Slideshow.

The in-text citation will be formatted like any other MLA in-text citation (author last name).

Hello all paper writers! Take a moment to try our spell checker , or refresh your knowledge on English basics with our EasyBib grammar guides ! Discover a determiner definition , learn what is an adverb , review an interjection list , and more.   

Updated April 26, 2021.

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To cite PowerPoint presentation slides, include the author name, year/date of presentation, the title, the source description, the website and/or university name, and the URL where the source can be found.

If the PowerPoint presentation is not accessible to the reader, cite the slides as personal communication.

If you want to cite a PowerPoint in MLA or APA style, you need to have basic information including the name of the author(s), title of the presentation, date and place of publication, and URL. For in-text citations, you need to include only the author name(s) in MLA style and author name(s) and year in APA style.  

APA in-text citations

(Author Surname, publication year)

(Dhanalakshmi, 2004)

MLA in-text citations

(Author Surname)

(Dhanalakshmi)

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PowerPoint Slide or Lecture Note References

This page contains reference examples for PowerPoint slides or lecture notes, including the following:

• PowerPoint slides available online
• PowerPoint slides from a classroom website

Use these formats to cite information obtained directly from slides.

If the slides contain citations to information published elsewhere, and you want to cite that information as well, then it is best to find, read, and cite the original source yourself rather than citing the slides as a secondary source.

Writers creating PowerPoint presentations in APA Style should present information clearly and concisely. Many APA Style guidelines can be applied to presentations (e.g., the guidance for crediting sources, using bias-free language, and writing clearly and concisely).

However, decisions about font size, amount of text on a slide, color scheme, use of animations, and so on are up to writers; these details are not specified as part of APA Style.

1. PowerPoint slides available online

Jones, J. (2016, March 23). Guided reading: Making the most of it [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/hellojenjones/guided-reading-making-the-most-of-it

• Parenthetical citation : (Jones, 2016)
• Narrative citation : Jones (2016)
• When the slides are available online to anyone, provide the site name on which they are hosted in the source element of the reference, followed by the URL of the slides.

2. PowerPoint slides from a classroom website

Mack, R., & Spake, G. (2018). Citing open source images and formatting references for presentations [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@FNU. https://fnu.onelogin.com/login

• Parenthetical citation : (Mack & Spake, 2018)
• Narrative citation : Mack and Spake (2018)
• If the slides come from a classroom website, learning management system (e.g., Canvas, Blackboard, Moodle, Sakai), or company intranet and you are writing for an audience with access to that resource, provide the name of the site and its URL (use the login page URL for sites requiring login).
• If the audience for which are you writing does not have access to the slides, cite them as a personal communication .

PowerPoint slide references are covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Section 10.14 and the Concise Guide Section 10.12

Generate accurate APA citations for free

• Knowledge Base
• How to cite a PowerPoint in APA Style

How to Cite a PowerPoint in APA Style | Format & Examples

Published on November 6, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on December 27, 2023.

To reference a PowerPoint presentation in APA Style , include the name of the author (whoever presented the PowerPoint), the date it was presented, the title (italicized), “PowerPoint slides” in square brackets, the name of the department and university, and the URL where the PowerPoint can be found.

You can also use our free  APA Citation Generator to cite a PowerPoint presentation quickly and easily.

Table of contents

Citing a powerpoint your readers can access, citing a powerpoint your readers can’t access, citing information quoted in a powerpoint, frequently asked questions about apa style citations.

PowerPoint presentations should only be included in the reference list if your reader can access them for themselves.

PowerPoints on password-protected platforms

A login is often required to access a file on your university’s LMS (e.g. Blackboard, Canvas). In these cases, the URL included should be the login page rather than the specific location of the PowerPoint.

PowerPoints on public sites

With slides that are available on a public site, rather than from your university, replace the department and university name with the name of the website.

The same format can be used for other kinds of slides or lecture notes. Just replace “PowerPoint slides” with an appropriate description.

Scribbr Citation Checker New

The AI-powered Citation Checker helps you avoid common mistakes such as:

• Missing commas and periods
• Incorrect usage of “et al.”
• Ampersands (&) in narrative citations
• Missing reference entries

If your readers won’t be able to access the PowerPoint you want to cite, it should instead be cited as a personal communication .

This often depends on who will be reading your paper. For example:

• If you’re writing a paper for class, and you want to cite a PowerPoint that’s available on your university’s Blackboard site, you can use the standard format, because your teacher can access the slides.
• If you want to cite the same PowerPoint in a paper you’re submitting to a journal, you’ll have to cite it as a personal communication, because the journal’s readers can’t access it.

Personal communications are not included in the reference list; just mention them in parentheses in the text.

If a lecturer included an interesting quote or statistic in their slides that you want to cite, it’s best to find the original source rather than citing the PowerPoint itself.

This allows both you and the reader to see the information in context. Only cite second-hand information from a PowerPoint if you’re unable to access the original source.

The source of the information will generally be listed in the PowerPoint itself or on a handout. With this, you can locate the original source online or at your university’s library. If the source isn’t stated in the presentation, try asking the lecturer for more information.

When no individual author name is listed, but the source can clearly be attributed to a specific organization—e.g., a press release by a charity, a report by an agency, or a page from a company’s website—use the organization’s name as the author in the reference entry and APA in-text citations .

When no author at all can be determined—e.g. a collaboratively edited wiki or an online article published anonymously—use the title in place of the author. In the in-text citation, put the title in quotation marks if it appears in plain text in the reference list, and in italics if it appears in italics in the reference list. Shorten it if necessary.

When you quote or paraphrase a specific passage from a source, you need to indicate the location of the passage in your APA in-text citation . If there are no page numbers (e.g. when citing a website ) but the text is long, you can instead use section headings, paragraph numbers, or a combination of the two:

(Caulfield, 2019, Linking section, para. 1).

Section headings can be shortened if necessary. Kindle location numbers should not be used in ebook citations , as they are unreliable.

If you are referring to the source as a whole, it’s not necessary to include a page number or other marker.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, December 27). How to Cite a PowerPoint in APA Style | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved August 21, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-examples/powerpoint-slides/

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Microsoft 365 Life Hacks > Presentations > How to add citations to your presentation

How to add citations to your presentation

When you craft a formal presentation, you often have to conduct research. Any books, journals, and other forms of media used should be properly cited for your personal reference as well as for your audience. Learn how to create citations in a presentation to appropriately credit different works.

Why should you provide citations?

Information referenced from another source must be clearly cited. Proper citations serve as a roadmap for research, help track ideas, and establish credibility. Citations give credit to the original works and provide transparency for readers and their audience regarding the source.

Readers can access your sources and develop a deeper understanding of your research. They can also explore research from your respective discipline or industry. Additionally, researchers utilize citations to align their work with established experts and bolster the validity of their claims. Without citations, audiences may assume your idea is original, resulting in plagiarism. Acknowledging the intellectual contributions of others with proper citation fosters academic integrity and supports the advancement of ideas amongst scholars and researchers.

Tell your story with captivating presentations

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How to source citations in a presentations

To source citations effectively in presentations, consider the following:

• Identify your sources: Begin by identifying all the sources you have used in your research, including books, articles, websites, and any other relevant materials. Note the authors, publication dates, publisher, and other relevant information for citations.
• Include in-text citations: Incorporate in-text citations throughout your presentation slides to indicate when you are referencing external sources. This helps your audience understand the basis of your arguments and provides transparency regarding the origin of the information presented.
• Provide a reference list: At the end of your presentation, include a reference list that provides full bibliographic information for each source cited. This allows your audience to locate the original works for further reading and verification. Ensure your reference list adheres to the citation style used with your citations.
• Use visual aids: Consider using visual aids , such as infographics or posters , to display citations alongside the corresponding content. This helps reinforce the connection between the information presented and its original source.

Alternatively, you can also provide the references verbally throughout the presentation. This allows the audience to follow along with your presentation and directly reference sources as you present. If you are creating a presentation for a class, follow the instructions or preferences of your instructor. By doing so, you can ensure your citations are understood and appropriate for your audience.

Citations are a critical component of an effective presentation. Citations provide a roadmap for your research, credit the appropriate authors, and foster academic integrity. They’re easy to include in a presentation as in-text citations on your slides and as a reference list. Include citations to make sure you presentation credits the appropriate authors and strengthens its validity. For more help with preparing sources, research, and crafting presentations, learn more presentation tips .

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Cite a presentation or lecture in APA style

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• Select style:
• Archive material
• Chapter of an edited book
• Conference proceedings
• Dictionary entry
• Dissertation
• DVD, video, or film
• E-book or PDF
• Edited book
• Encyclopedia article
• Government publication
• Music or recording
• Online image or video
• Presentation
• Press release
• Religious text

Use the following template or our APA Citation Generator to cite a presentation or lecture. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator .

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

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Add citations in a Word document

In Word, you can easily add citations when writing a document where you need to cite your sources, such as a research paper. Citations can be added in various formats, including APA , Chicago-style , GOST, IEEE, ISO 690, and MLA . Afterwards, you can create a bibliography of the sources you used to write your paper.

To add a citation to your document, you first add the source that you used.

Add a new citation and source to a document

On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click the arrow next to Style and click the style that you want to use for the citation and source. For example, social sciences documents usually use the MLA or APA styles for citations and sources.

Click at the end of the sentence or phrase that you want to cite.

On the Reference tab, click Insert Citation and then do one of the following:

To add the source information, click Add New Source , and then, in the Create Source dialog box, click the arrow next to Type of Source , and select the type of source you want to use (for example, a book section or a website).

To add a placeholder, so that you can create a citation and fill in the source information later, click Add New Placeholder . A question mark appears next to placeholder sources in Source Manager.

If you chose to add a source, enter the details for the source. To add more information about a source, click the Show All Bibliography Fields check box.

Click OK when finished. The source is added as a citation at the place you selected in your document.

When you've completed these steps, the citation is added to the list of available citations. The next time you quote this reference, you don't have to type it all out again. You just add the citation to your document . After you've added a source, you may find you need to make changes to it at a later time. To do this, see Edit a source .

If you've added a placeholder and want to replace it with citation information, see Edit a source .

If you choose a GOST or ISO 690 style for your sources and a citation is not unique, append an alphabetic character to the year. For example, a citation would appear as [Pasteur, 1848a].

If you choose ISO 690-Numerical Reference and your citations still don't appear consecutively, you must click the ISO 690 style again, and then press ENTER to correctly order the citations.

Add citations to your document

Click at the end of the sentence or phrase that you want to cite, and then on the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click Insert Citations .

From the list of citations under Insert Citation , select the citation you want to use.

Find a source

The list of sources that you use can become quite long. At times, you might need to search for a source that you cited in another document.

On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click Manage Sources .

If you open a new document that does not yet contain citations, all of the sources that you used in previous documents appear under Master List .

If you open a document that includes citations, the sources for those citations appear under Current List . All the sources that you have cited, either in previous documents or in the current document, appear under Master List .

To find a specific source, do one of the following:

In the sorting box, sort by author, title, citation tag name, or year, and then look for the source that you want in the resulting list.

In the Search box, type the title or author for the source that you want to find. The list dynamically narrows to match your search term.

Note:  You can click the Browse button in Source Manager to select another master list from which you can import new sources into your document. For example, you might connect to a file on a shared server, on a research colleague's computer or server, or on a Web site that is hosted by a university or research institution.

Edit a source

In the Source Manager dialog box, under Master List or Current List , select the source you want to edit, and then click Edit .

Note:  To edit a placeholder to add citation information, select the placeholder from Current List and click Edit .

In the Edit Source dialog box, make the changes you want and click OK .

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How to Cite a PowerPoint in APA [A Complete Guide]

Citing PowerPoint presentations in APA style is essential for students and researchers. It shows you are following academic rules and gives credit to the original source of the information you use. This guide is designed to be easy to understand and follow, even if you are not familiar with APA style. It includes examples and step-by-step instructions to help you learn how to cite PowerPoint presentations correctly.

Part 1: APA Citation for PowerPoint Presentations

1. powerpoint presentation as a source of data.

PowerPoint presentations can be a valuable source of data for researchers and writers. They can contain a variety of information, including text, images, graphics, and charts. This data can be used to support arguments, illustrate points, and provide evidence for claims.

APA Citation Format

The following is the APA citation format for PowerPoint presentations:

Author(s). (Year, Month, Date). Title of PowerPoint presentation. Presented at Name of conference or event, Location of conference or event.

For example:

Why people like to use powerpoint as source of data:

Easy to access and share

Present data in a visually appealing way makes data more engaging and easier to understand

Can be used to collect and present data in a variety of ways

2. APA Citation for PowerPoint Presentations

There are three main styles of quoting sources: APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), and Chicago. Each style has its own specific format for citing sources, which is why it is important to be familiar with the style that you are required to use for your particular assignment or publication.

It is also used in some other disciplines, such as business and education. APA style citations are typically placed in parentheses within the text of the paper, with a full list of references at the end of the paper.

MLA style citations are typically placed in parentheses within the text of the paper, with a full list of works cited at the end of the paper.

There are two main types of Chicago style: notes and bibliography style and author-date style.

Notes and bibliography style citations are placed in footnotes or endnotes at the bottom of the page, with a full bibliography at the end of the paper.

Author-date style citations are placed in parentheses within the text of the paper, with a full list of references at the end of the paper.

Why Is APA Useful and Important ?

APA style is a useful and important citation style because it is widely used in a variety of disciplines. It is also a very clear and concise style, which makes it easy to read and understand. Additionally, APA style citations are very informative, providing all of the necessary information to identify the source that has been cited.

Part 2: How to Cite a PowerPoint in APA

1. citing an accessible powerpoint.

Citing accessible PowerPoint presentations is essential in various situations where these presentations serve as sources of information, research findings, or educational materials. Below, I'll introduce the circumstances in which citing an accessible PowerPoint may be necessary and provide examples of sources from which these PowerPoint presentations can originate:

Examples of APA Citation for Accessible PowerPoint Presentations:

Citing a PowerPoint from a Public Website:

Author(s). (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Website Name. URL

Citing a PowerPoint from a Lecture or Meeting:

Presenter(s). (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Meeting/Lecture Name.

You can attach the URL link also if applicable

Citing a PowerPoint from an Educational Institution:

Author(s). (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Course Name, Educational Institution. URL (if applicable)

2. Citing an Unaccessible Powerpoint

In some cases, PowerPoint presentations may not be accessible, either because they are user-generated without proper citation details or are not publicly available. Here are circumstances where citing an inaccessible PowerPoint may be used:

Citing a User-Generated PowerPoint:

Author. (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Unpublished.

Additional reminder:

If you are citing an inaccessible PowerPoint, it is important to note that your readers may not be able to access the presentation. You should therefore provide as much information as possible about the presentation

3. How to Cite a PowerPoint with Multiple Authors

If the PowerPoint has just two authors, you may use comma(,) or ampersand(&) to separate them but If the PowerPoint has more than two authors, list the authors by commas only.

Examples of APA Citation for multiple authors PowerPoint Presentations:

Two authors example:

In-text citation:

Multiple Authors example:

Part3: In-Text Citations in PowerPoint Presentations

In-text citations help your audience understand the source of your information and allow them to access more details if needed. We'll provide a brief introduction, examples, and tips for using in-text citations in PowerPoint presentations following APA style guidelines.

Example of citing with author’s name:

Example of citing without author’s name in the sentence:

Example of citing author’s name and year when summarizing:

Tips for Citing Sources in PowerPoint Presentations:

Be consistent with your citation style

Use Slide Number

Keep It Concise

Pay attention to punctuation and formatting

Place your in-text citations near the information

Additional Tip:

You can use a citation manager to help you to cite your sources in APA style. Citation managers can help you to create and format your citations, and they can also help you to keep track of your sources.

Part4: Citation Tools and Software

WPS Office is an essential software tool for creating and checking PowerPoint presentations. WPS supports opening PowerPoint documents and offers a range of features and benefits for creating and editing presentations. Here are some of the features and benefits of using WPS Office Presentation:

Free download and free to use Word, Excel, and PPT: WPS Office is completely free to use, with no hidden fees or subscriptions.

● Powerful PDF toolkit : WPS Office includes a powerful PDF toolkit that allows users to create, edit, and convert PDF files.

● Rich template store: WPS Office has a rich template store with over 10,000 templates to choose from, including a variety of scheduling templates.

● Rich functions: WPS Office offers a wide range of features and functions, including the ability to collaborate with others online and to create and edit documents on the go.

● Light weight : WPS Office is a lightweight application that takes up very little space on your computer.

● Support online documents : WPS Office allows users to save and access documents online, making it easy to collaborate with others and to access your files from anywhere.

● Safe and stable: WPS Office is a safe and stable application that has been used by millions of people around the world.

If you are looking for some best online citation tools. Here are three of the best online citation tools:

Grammarly is a comprehensive writing assistant that can help you to improve your grammar, spelling, and punctuation. It can also help you to cite your sources in APA style.

Zotero is a free and open-source reference management software. It can help you to collect, organize, and cite your sources.

EasyBib is a free online citation generator. It can help you to create APA citations for a variety of sources, including PowerPoint presentations.

How to use Grammarly to cite a PowerPoint presentation in APA style

To use Grammarly to cite a PowerPoint presentation in APA style, follow these steps:

Step 1: Access Grammarly

Step 2: Click on the "tools & Guides" tab and choose for citation generator

Step 3: Select your citation style (APA, MLA or Chicago)

Step 4: Enter the information about the PowerPoint presentation that you want to cite

Step 5: Grammarly will generate an APA citation for the PowerPoint presentation.

Step 6: You can then copy and paste the citation into your presentation.

Congratulations, you have successfully generated a citation for your powerpoint slide by using grammarly citation generator.

Here is a summary of different situations when choosing one to use:

Grammarly: Grammarly is a good option for users who want a comprehensive writing assistant and citations.

Zotero : Zotero is a good option for users who need to manage a large number of sources.

EasyBib : EasyBib is a good option for users who need to create APA citations for a variety of sources quickly and easily.

All three of these citation tools are excellent choices, but each one has its own strengths and weaknesses. The best citation tool for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences.

If you are not sure which one to choose, I recommend trying out all three of them to see which one you like best.

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FAQs about how to cite a powerpoint in apa

Q1: how do i cite a source with no author in apa style.

If you need to cite a source with no author in APA style, you should use the title of the source in the in-text citation and reference list entry. If it is a book or article, use italics for the title; if it is a webpage or report, use quotation marks. Here's an example:

In-text citation : ("Title of the Source," Year)

Reference list : Title of the Source. (Year). Publisher or Website. URL

Q2: How to cite information quoted in a PowerPoint?

To cite information quoted in a PowerPoint presentation, follow the same rules as you would for any other source. Include the author's name, publication year, and specific slide number in the in-text citation. If the presentation is online, provide the URL. Here's an example:

In-text citation: (Author, Year, Slide Number)

Reference list: Author. (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Website Name. URL

Q3: How to cite a slideshow that wasn’t made with PowerPoint In APA?

To cite a slideshow created with software like WPS Office in APA:

In-Text Citation:

Use author's name (if available), year, and slide number in parentheses: (Author, Year, Slide Number).

Reference List Entry:

Include author's name (if available), year, presentation title in italics, source details (e.g., conference name or URL), and specify it's a PowerPoint presentation. Author. (Year). Title of presentation [PowerPoint slides]. Source Details. URL.

In-text: (Smith, 2023, Slide 5)

Reference: Smith, J. (2023). Renewable Energy Trends [PowerPoint slides]. International Renewable Energy Conference.

The article provides a comprehensive guide on citing PowerPoint presentations in APA style. While emphasizing the importance of proper citations, it mentions the use of software like WPS Office for creating presentations. The guide covers in-text citations and reference list entries for various scenarios, including those with or without authors. Overall, it offers clear instructions for citing PowerPoint presentations effectively in APA format.

• 1. How to Cite Sources in a PowerPoint: A Comprehensive Guide
• 2. How to Cite a PDF with Top 3 Styles MLA, APA and Chicago
• 3. Do You Know How to Cite a PDF in APA 7th Edition?
• 4. How to Cite in a PowerPoint (APA, MLA, Chicago Style) The Ultimate Guide
• 5. How to Cite a PowerPoint in MLA Style The Beginner’s Guide
• 6. How to Cite a PDF Using APA Style - Easy Methods

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Task-related activity in auditory cortex enhances sound representation

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• ORCID record for Ana Polterovich
• ORCID record for Maciej M Jankowski
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• For correspondence: [email protected]
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In auditory-guided tasks, sound presentations often occupy a small fraction of the total task time. We studied here neuronal dynamics that spanned trial duration. Many neurons had large, slow, firing rate modulations, which were not driven by sounds, were larger than the sound evoked responses, and were locked to specific time points during the task, similar to responses of hippocampal time-sensitive neurons. Concurrently, responses to sounds differed between active behavior and passive listening conditions: in the active sessions, the on-going activity just before sound presentations was higher and the responses to target stimuli were weaker but more informative about the task-relevant sounds. We show that the slow firing rate modulations caused the increased on-going activity. Using a model, we demonstrate that higher on-going activity led to more synaptic depression of the cortico-cortical synapses, reducing the tendency to produce population spikes and resulting in weaker but more informative responses.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26310223

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Visual presentations created using computer software Word Hike – Answers

Few minutes ago, I was playing the game and trying to solve the Clue : Visual presentations created using computer software in the themed crossword of the game Word Hike and I was able to find the answers. Now, I can reveal the words that may help all the upcoming players.

Now, I will reveal the answer for this clue : And about the game answers of Word Hike, they will be up to date during the lifetime of the game.

Answers of Word Hike Visual presentations created using computer software:

• Powerpoints

Please remember that I’ll always mention the master topic of the game : Word Hike Answers , the link to the previous Clue : Used To Hide Something: What a key opens and the link to the main level Word Hike level 3908 . You may want to know the content of nearby topics so these links will tell you about it !

Please let us know your thoughts. They are always welcome. So, have you thought about leaving a comment, to correct a mistake or to add an extra value to the topic ? I’m all ears.

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Citation in a book or article Word Hike [ Answer ]

• by Game Answer
• 2022-08-14 2023-12-29

This topic will be an exclusive one that will provide you the answers of Word Hike Citation in a book or article , appeared on level 204. This game is developed by Joy Vendor a famous one known in puzzle games for ios and android devices. From Now on, you will have all the hints, cheats and needed answers to complete this puzzle.You will have in this game to find the words from the clues in order to fulfill the board and find the words of the level. The game is new and we decided to cover it because it is a unique kind of crossword puzzle games.

Word Hike Citation in a book or article Answers:

PS: if you are looking for another level answers, you will find them in the below topic :

Word Hike Cheats

After achieving this level, you can comeback to : Word Hike Level 204 Or get the answer of the next puzzle here : Textbook section I Hope you found the word you searched for.

If you have any suggestion, please feel free to comment this topic.

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