essay on information and technology

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Essay on Information Technology in 400 Words

• Updated on  
• Apr 26, 2024

Essay on Information Technology: Information Technology is the study of computer systems and telecommunications for storing, retrieving, and transmitting information using the Internet. Today, we rely on information technology to collect and transfer data from and on the internet. Say goodbye to the conventional lifestyle and hello to the realm of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR).

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Also Read: Essay on Internet

Scientific discoveries have given birth to Information Technology (IT), which has revolutionized our way of living. Sudden developments in technology have given a boost to IT growth, which has changed the entire world. Students are taught online using smartboards, virtual meetings are conducted between countries to enhance diplomatic ties, online surveys are done to spread social awareness, e-commerce platforms are used for online shopping, etc.

Information Technology has made sharing and collecting information at our fingertips easier. We can learn new things with just a click. IT tools have enhanced global communication, through which we can foster economic cooperation and innovation. Almost every business in the world relies on Information Technology for growth and development. The addiction to information technology is thriving throughout the world.

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• Everyday activities like texting, calling, and video chatting have made communication more efficient.
• E-commerce platforms like Amazon and Flipkart have become a source of online shopping.
• E-learning platforms have made education more accessible.
• The global economy has significantly improved.
• The healthcare sector has revolutionized with the introduction of Electronic Health Records (EHR) and telemedicine.
• Local businesses have expanded into global businesses. 
• Access to any information on the internet in real-time.

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Disadvantages

Apart from the above-mentioned advantages of Information Technology, there are some disadvantages also.

• Cybersecurity and data breaches are one of the most important issues.
• There is a digital divide in people having access to information technology.
• Our over-relying attitude towards the IT sector makes us vulnerable to technical glitches, system failures and cyber-attacks.
• Excessive use of electronic devices and exposure to screens contribute to health issues.
• Short lifecycles of electronic devices due to rapid changes in technological developments.
• Challenges like copyright infringement and intellectual property will rise because of ease in digital reproduction and distribution.
• Our traditional ways of entertainment have been transformed by online streaming platforms, where we can watch movies and play games online.

The modern world heavily relies on information technology. Indeed, it has fundamentally reshaped our way of living and working, but, we also need to strike a balance between its use and overuse. We must pay attention to the challenges it brings for a sustainable and equitable society.

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Paragraph on Information Technology

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Short Essay on Information Technology

Check out the short essay on information technology from below:

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Ans: Information technology is an indispensable part of our lives and has revolutionized the way we connect, work, and live. The IT sector involves the use of computers and electronic gadgets to store, transmit, and retrieve data. In recent year, there has been some rapid changes in the IT sector, which has transformed the world into a global village, where information can be exchanged in real-time across vast distances.

Ans: The IT sector is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world. The IT sector includes IT services, e-commerce, the Internet, Software, and Hardware products. IT sector helps boost productivity and efficiency. Computer applications and digital systems have allowed people to perform multiple tasks at a faster rate. IT sector creates new opportunities for everyone; businesses, professionals, and consumers.

Ans: There are four basic concepts of the IT sector: Information security, business software development, computer technical support, and database and network management.

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Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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Essay on Information Technology – Short & Long Essay Examples

Essay on Information Technology: Information technology has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate in today’s digital age. From smartphones to social media platforms, the impact of IT is undeniable. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of information technology, its benefits, challenges, and future prospects. We will delve into how IT has transformed industries, improved efficiency, and connected people across the globe. Join us on this journey to discover the power and potential of information technology.

Table of Contents

Information Technology Essay Writing Tips

1. Start by choosing a specific topic within the broad field of information technology. This could be anything from the impact of social media on society to the development of artificial intelligence.

2. Research your chosen topic thoroughly to gather relevant information and data. Make sure to use credible sources such as academic journals, books, and reputable websites.

3. Create an outline for your essay that includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. This will help you organize your thoughts and ensure that your essay flows logically.

4. In the introduction, provide some background information on the topic and clearly state your thesis statement. This should be a concise summary of the main argument you will be making in your essay.

5. The body paragraphs should each focus on a different aspect of your topic. Make sure to support your points with evidence and examples from your research. You can also include quotes from experts in the field to strengthen your argument.

6. Use clear and concise language throughout your essay. Avoid using jargon or technical terms that may be confusing to readers who are not familiar with the topic.

7. Make sure to address any potential counterarguments to your thesis in the body of your essay. This will show that you have considered different perspectives on the topic and strengthen your argument.

8. In the conclusion, summarize the main points of your essay and restate your thesis. You can also suggest areas for further research or discuss the implications of your findings.

9. Proofread your essay carefully to check for any spelling or grammar errors. You may also want to have someone else read your essay to provide feedback and suggestions for improvement.

10. Finally, make sure to properly cite any sources you used in your essay. This will help you avoid plagiarism and give credit to the original authors of the information you used.

Essay on Information Technology in 10 Lines – Examples

1. Information Technology (IT) refers to the use of computers, software, and telecommunications to store, retrieve, and transmit data. 2. IT plays a crucial role in modern society by enabling businesses, governments, and individuals to access and share information quickly and efficiently. 3. IT encompasses a wide range of technologies, including computer hardware, software, networks, and databases. 4. The field of IT is constantly evolving, with new technologies and innovations emerging regularly. 5. IT professionals are responsible for designing, implementing, and managing IT systems to meet the needs of organizations and individuals. 6. Cybersecurity is a major concern in IT, as hackers and cybercriminals seek to exploit vulnerabilities in IT systems for malicious purposes. 7. Cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things are some of the latest trends in IT that are shaping the future of technology. 8. IT has revolutionized the way we work, communicate, and access information, making tasks faster, easier, and more convenient. 9. The demand for skilled IT professionals is high, with job opportunities in areas such as software development, cybersecurity, and data analysis. 10. As technology continues to advance, IT will play an increasingly important role in shaping the future of society and the way we live and work.

Sample Essay on Information Technology in 100-180 Words

Information technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and access information. It has made tasks easier, faster, and more efficient. With the advent of the internet, we can now connect with people from all over the world, access vast amounts of information, and conduct business transactions online.

Information technology has also transformed industries such as healthcare, education, and finance. Electronic medical records have improved patient care, online learning platforms have made education more accessible, and online banking has made managing finances more convenient.

Overall, information technology has had a profound impact on society, changing the way we live and work. It has opened up new opportunities and possibilities, and continues to evolve and shape our world.

Short Essay on Information Technology in 200-500 Words

Information technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we communicate, work, and access information. From smartphones to social media platforms, the impact of IT can be seen everywhere. In this essay, we will explore the significance of information technology and its role in shaping the modern world.

One of the key benefits of information technology is its ability to facilitate communication. With the advent of email, instant messaging, and social media, people can now connect with others across the globe in real-time. This has not only made communication more convenient but has also broken down barriers of distance and time. Businesses can now collaborate with partners and customers from different countries, students can attend virtual classes, and families can stay in touch regardless of their location.

Moreover, information technology has transformed the way we work. With the rise of remote work and digital collaboration tools, employees can now work from anywhere, increasing productivity and flexibility. Cloud computing has made it easier to store and access data, enabling businesses to streamline their operations and reduce costs. Automation and artificial intelligence have also revolutionized industries, making processes more efficient and accurate.

In addition, information technology has democratized access to information. The internet has become a vast repository of knowledge, allowing people to learn new skills, access educational resources, and stay informed about current events. Online platforms like Wikipedia, Khan Academy, and TED Talks have made education more accessible to people around the world. E-books and online journals have also made it easier for researchers and students to access academic literature.

However, the widespread use of information technology also raises concerns about privacy and security. With the increasing amount of personal data being collected and stored online, there is a risk of data breaches and cyber-attacks. Companies and individuals need to be vigilant about protecting their information and implementing security measures to prevent unauthorized access.

In conclusion, information technology has had a profound impact on society, transforming the way we communicate, work, and access information. While it has brought numerous benefits, it also poses challenges that need to be addressed. As technology continues to evolve, it is important for individuals and organizations to adapt and embrace the opportunities that IT offers while also being mindful of the risks. By harnessing the power of information technology responsibly, we can continue to innovate and shape a better future for all.

Essay on Information Technology in 1000-1500 Words

Information technology (IT) has become an integral part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we communicate, work, and access information. From the invention of the internet to the development of smartphones and social media platforms, IT has transformed the world in ways we could have never imagined. In this essay, we will explore the impact of information technology on society, businesses, and individuals, as well as the challenges and opportunities it presents.

One of the most significant impacts of information technology is its ability to connect people from all over the world. The internet has made it possible for us to communicate with friends and family members in real-time, no matter where they are located. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have further facilitated this connectivity, allowing us to share photos, videos, and updates with our networks instantly. This has not only made it easier to stay in touch with loved ones but has also opened up new opportunities for collaboration and networking.

In addition to connecting people, information technology has also revolutionized the way we work. With the rise of remote work and digital collaboration tools, employees are no longer confined to traditional office spaces. They can now work from anywhere in the world, as long as they have access to the internet. This has not only increased flexibility for workers but has also allowed businesses to tap into a global talent pool and reduce overhead costs associated with maintaining physical office spaces.

Furthermore, information technology has transformed the way we access and consume information. With the proliferation of smartphones and tablets, we can now access news, entertainment, and educational content on the go. This has democratized information, making it more accessible to people from all walks of life. Additionally, the rise of e-books, online courses, and digital libraries has made it easier for individuals to educate themselves and acquire new skills, regardless of their location or socioeconomic status.

From a business perspective, information technology has become a critical enabler of innovation and growth. Companies are leveraging technologies like artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and cloud computing to streamline operations, improve decision-making, and enhance customer experiences. For example, e-commerce platforms use data analytics to personalize product recommendations and target customers with relevant offers, while manufacturing companies use IoT sensors to monitor equipment performance and predict maintenance needs. These technologies have not only increased efficiency and productivity but have also created new revenue streams and business models.

Despite the numerous benefits of information technology, it also presents several challenges that need to be addressed. One of the most pressing issues is cybersecurity. With the increasing amount of sensitive data being stored and transmitted online, the risk of cyberattacks and data breaches has become a major concern for individuals and businesses alike. From phishing scams to ransomware attacks, cybercriminals are constantly finding new ways to exploit vulnerabilities in IT systems. As a result, organizations need to invest in robust cybersecurity measures, such as encryption, firewalls, and multi-factor authentication, to protect their data and systems from unauthorized access.

Another challenge posed by information technology is the digital divide. While access to technology has become more widespread in recent years, there are still significant disparities in terms of internet connectivity, device ownership, and digital literacy. This has created a divide between those who have access to the benefits of IT and those who do not, leading to inequalities in education, employment, and economic opportunities. To address this issue, governments and organizations need to invest in infrastructure development, digital skills training, and affordable internet access programs to ensure that everyone has equal access to the opportunities provided by information technology.

In conclusion, information technology has had a profound impact on society, businesses, and individuals, transforming the way we communicate, work, and access information. While it has brought about numerous benefits, such as increased connectivity, productivity, and innovation, it also presents challenges, such as cybersecurity threats and the digital divide. As we continue to advance in the digital age, it is essential that we address these challenges and harness the opportunities presented by information technology to create a more inclusive, secure, and prosperous society for all.

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103 Information Technology Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Information technology is a rapidly evolving field that encompasses a wide range of topics and issues. From cybersecurity to artificial intelligence, there are countless areas in which to explore and write about. If you're looking for inspiration for your next IT essay, look no further. Here are 103 information technology essay topic ideas and examples to get you started:

• The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Society
• The Future of Cybersecurity
• Big Data and Its Role in Business Decision-Making
• The Rise of Cloud Computing
• The Ethical Implications of Facial Recognition Technology
• Virtual Reality and Its Applications in Healthcare
• The Role of Blockchain in Supply Chain Management
• The Internet of Things and Smart Cities
• Augmented Reality in Education
• The Evolution of E-Commerce
• The Role of Chatbots in Customer Service
• The Rise of Remote Work and Its Implications
• The Importance of Data Privacy in the Digital Age
• The Impact of Social Media on Society
• The Role of Biometric Technology in Security
• The Future of 5G Technology
• The Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence
• The Role of Machine Learning in Healthcare
• The Impact of Automation on the Job Market
• The Rise of Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Technology
• The Role of IT in Disaster Recovery Planning
• The Evolution of Wearable Technology
• The Importance of User Experience Design in Website Development
• The Role of IT in Environmental Sustainability
• The Impact of Technology on Mental Health
• The Rise of Quantum Computing
• The Ethics of Data Collection and Analysis
• The Role of IT in Healthcare Delivery
• The Impact of Social Media on Politics
• The Future of Driverless Cars
• The Rise of Remote Learning Platforms
• The Role of IT in Climate Change Mitigation
• The Impact of Technology on Human Relationships
• The Future of Digital Currency
• The Role of IT in Disaster Response
• The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Warfare
• The Impact of Technology on Work-Life Balance
• The Rise of Personalized Medicine
• The Role of IT in Agriculture
• The Future of Virtual Assistants
• The Impact of Technology on Education
• The Role of IT in Telemedicine
• The Ethics of Data Breaches and Hacks
• The Impact of Technology on Creativity
• The Future of 3D Printing
• The Role of IT in Financial Services
• The Rise of Smart Home Technology
• The Impact of Technology on Journalism
• The Role of IT in Disaster Preparedness
• The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Marketing
• The Impact of Technology on Social Isolation
• The Rise of Autonomous Vehicles
• The Role of IT in Humanitarian Aid
• The Ethics of Genetic Engineering
• The Impact of Technology on Urban Planning
• The Future of Cyber Warfare
• The Role of IT in Space Exploration
• The Rise of Bioinformatics
• The Impact of Technology on Cultural Preservation
• The Role of IT in Public Health
• The Future of Robotics
• The Ethics of Surveillance Technology
• The Impact of Technology on the Arts
• The Role of IT in Disaster Relief
• The Rise of Biometric Identification
• The Impact of Technology on Democracy
• The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Law Enforcement
• The Role of IT in Sustainable Development
• The Ethics of Autonomous Weapons
• The Impact of Technology on Human Rights
• The Rise of Smart Cities
• The Role of IT in Wildlife Conservation
• The Future of Virtual Reality in Entertainment
• The Impact of Technology on Cultural Diversity
• The Role of IT in Emergency Management
• The Rise of Smart Manufacturing
• The Impact of Technology on Globalization
• The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
• The Role of IT in Disaster Recovery
• The Ethics of Genetic Privacy
• The Impact of Technology on Gender Equality
• The Rise of Smart Grid Technology
• The Role of IT in Sustainable Agriculture
• The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Transportation
• The Impact of Technology on Indigenous Communities
• The Role of IT in Wildlife Monitoring
• The Ethics of Genetic Testing
• The Impact of Technology on Access to Education
• The Rise of Smart Energy Systems
• The Role of IT in Disaster Response Planning
• The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Finance
• The Impact of Technology on Social Justice
• The Role of IT in Conservation Biology
• The Rise of Smart Transportation Systems
• The Impact of Technology on Disability Rights
• The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Retail
• The Role of IT in Disaster Risk Reduction
• The Ethics of Genetic Modification
• The Impact of Technology on LGBTQ Rights
• The Rise of Smart Agriculture
• The Role of IT in Conservation Planning
• The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Customer Service
• The Impact of Technology on Refugee Rights

These are just a few of the many information technology essay topics you could explore. Whether you're interested in cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, or any other aspect of IT, there are endless possibilities for research and writing. So pick a topic that interests you, do some research, and start writing your next IT essay today.

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Essay on Information Technology 1000+ Words

Information Technology, often referred to as IT, is a marvel of the modern age. It encompasses the use of computers, software, and networks to process, store, and transmit information. In this essay, we will explore the incredible world of Information Technology, its significance in our lives, and the endless possibilities it offers.

The Evolution of Information Technology

Information technology has come a long way since its inception. In the early days, computers were enormous machines that filled entire rooms. Today, we have powerful computers that fit in our pockets! The evolution of IT has made it more accessible and versatile, revolutionizing the way we live and work.

Information at Our Fingertips

One of the most remarkable aspects of Information Technology is its ability to bring vast amounts of information right to our fingertips. With the internet, we can access knowledge from around the world with just a few clicks. This easy access to information has transformed how we learn, research, and communicate.

Education and E-Learning

Information Technology has revolutionized education. Through online courses and e-learning platforms, students can access quality education from anywhere in the world. This has made learning more flexible and accessible, ensuring that knowledge is not limited by geographical boundaries.

Communication and Connectivity

Information Technology has connected people across the globe like never before. Through email, social media, and video calls, we can stay in touch with friends and family, no matter where they are. This connectivity has bridged gaps and fostered global understanding and collaboration.

Innovation and Creativity

It has fueled innovation and creativity in countless ways. From digital art and animation to video games and app development, technology has opened up new avenues for self-expression and entrepreneurship. It has empowered individuals to turn their ideas into reality.

Business and Industry

The business world relies heavily on Information Technology. Companies use IT for everything from managing finances and inventory to marketing and customer service. IT has increased efficiency, reduced costs, and expanded opportunities for businesses of all sizes.

Healthcare and Medical Advancements

Information technology has transformed healthcare. Electronic health records make patient information easily accessible to medical professionals, improving patient care. Telemedicine allows doctors to diagnose and treat patients remotely, which is especially important during times like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Environmental Impact

IT has the potential to contribute to a greener planet. Through data analysis, smart technology, and energy-efficient solutions, we can reduce waste and make more sustainable choices. IT can help us monitor and combat climate change.

Conclusion of Essay on Information Technology

In conclusion, Information Technology is a powerful force that has reshaped our world in countless ways. Its evolution, easy access to information, impact on education, and role in communication have made it an essential part of our lives. IT drives innovation, empowers businesses, and revolutionizes healthcare. It also has the potential to contribute to a more sustainable future.

As we navigate the digital age, it’s important to harness the potential of Information Technology for the greater good. It offers endless possibilities and opportunities, but also comes with responsibilities. Let us embrace the power and promise of Information Technology, using it wisely to build a brighter and more connected world for all.

Also Check: The Essay on Essay: All you need to know

Information Technology - Free Essay Samples And Topic Ideas

An essay on information technology (IT) can examine the evolution of technology in the digital age and its impact on society. It can discuss IT infrastructure, cybersecurity, data management, and the role of IT in industries like finance, healthcare, and communication, emphasizing the transformative nature of technology in the modern world. We’ve gathered an extensive assortment of free essay samples on the topic of Information Technology you can find at Papersowl. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

What is Information Technology

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IBM started in 1911 and is the result of a merger of three companies. These three companies are Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, and the Computing Scale Company. At IBM, they strive to be the leaders in the creation, development, and manufacturing of information technology within the industry. These information technologies include computer systems, software, networking systems, storage devices, and microelectronics. The current CEO is Ginni Rometty, and she is also the first woman to be the […]

The Concept of “Organizational Memory” Used to Transform IBM?

Let’s take a quick look at Organizational Memory. Organizational Memory refers to the process of utilization of structured and unstructured data, which can be utilized in the future for making decisions. Organizational Memory capabilities include two relevant technologies Enterprise resource planning (ERP) and Data Warehousing. As described in the case study, IBM was having troubles with respect to five common business processes such as integrated product development, integrated supply chain, customer relationship management, human resources, and finance. Hence IBM decided […]

Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Adverse Effects on Employment and Economy

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to take over the jobs of more than 1.2 million employees in the banking and lending fields by 2030, according to Autonomous Research (2018). AI stands for the design of computer technology that can perform tasks commonly requiring human intelligence. Those include but are not limited to learning, problem-solving, language processing, and perception. AI gradually assuming tasks that were once only associated with human beings has led to many arguing that a future with […]

Artificial Intelligence’s Threat to Mankind: Evolutionary Challenges

Due to recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), we are currently at a cusp of a serious transformation in business and technology. We are experiencing a new era in which the basic rules that we have a tendency to run our organizations are being rewritten daily. AI new systems don't seem to be simply automating several processes but these are recreating them with additional methods of efficiency. Human-Machine Collaboration for Excellence Experts in the matter are allowing humans and machines […]

Negative Effects of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

To put this as simply as possible, artificial intelligence is what we call the game changer or the face of the next decade. Let’s take a look at these terms individually before we go too far in depth. Artificial is anything made by humans that is not natural. Intelligence is the ability to understand think and learn. Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence, used by a computer or a machine to mimic human behaviors and create systems that […]

Artificial Intelligence: Good or Bad for Society?

Artificial Intelligence In recent years, Artificial Intelligence(AI), also called Machinery Intelligence, has become a hot topic. Especially after AlphaGo beat several world-famous go players such as Ke Jie and Lee Se-dol, AI caught the world’s attention. AI means using the automaton system to simulate the external behavior of the human mind to solve problems efficiently. In 1950, Turing put forward “Machines can think” in his works. AI was first mentioned in 1956 at Dartmouth Institute. From then on, the research […]

Cryptocurrency: Pros and Cons. a Revolution in Finance or a Risky Investment?

Cryptocurrency has developed rapidly over the last few years among people looking for alternative ways to invest and use their money. Since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2008, it went from a concept only discussed amongst academics to a reality on the path to entirely changing the world. One of the advantages of cryptocurrency is that it can't be counterfeited, and it has the capability of avoiding fraud and chargebacks. Plus, in a world with roughly 2.2 billion people having […]

12 Benefits of Social Media for Business Success

It is not possible to ignore social media when we need to promote our business; why? Because a social media perspective, the number of social media users is increasing day by day! As of now, more than 3.2 billion population around the world is using social media, i.e., more than 40% of the world’s total population is using social media on a daily basis. Internet users spend an average of 2 to 3 hours socializing on different social media platforms […]

The Importance of Internet: Benefits, Risks, and Online Privacy

Digital Evolution: The Internet's Global Reach, Power, and Potential Risks The Internet has been around for about 20-plus years. In its time, it has evolved into this enormous commodity that everyone now uses. The Internet has given us many different things with just a click of a button. Without the Internet, we wouldn't have T.V.s, cell phones, and other numerous accommodations it provides. If the Internet did not exist, we would have to do everything how we used to before […]

How to Take Care of Pets: Revolutionizing Pet Care with Mobile Apps

Introduction While pet lovers go nuts over having cranky pets, they have found a new way to take care of them, i.e., via a mobile app. This article pens down a list of popular apps that help them take exceptional care of pets. While mobile app development has become a happening phenomenon now, veterans or animal lovers have developed a whim for it too. They are cute, adorable, and perhaps the most lovable creatures on the planet. So, when it […]

Intended Ciphered Message in Rsa Crypto-System

Since the first introduction of technologies into my life, I have always had a fascination, and interest in how can technologies such as smartphones transfer data from one person to another without the need to travel to do it; their existence has created a huge dependency for us toward the use of technology devices as they can simply help us to do what seems impossible into possible. This fascination and interest have brought me to wonder how safe it is […]

Technological Innovations in Sales and Marketing

Technological innovations have made sales and marketing of products to be straightforward. Currently, the introduction of order management system enabled Fosfatfree Company to make their sales, manage their customer's accounts and receive their bills. The company does this by the use of mobile phones or tablets that have the order management system. The system is simple to use, and therefore clients can log into it on their own, or they can be assisted by sales agents who then, in turn, […]

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• Information technology essays

Our free Information Technology essay examples cover a broad range of IT-related subjects including topics such as artificial intelligence, biometrics, cloud computing, complex systems, cybersecurity, Internet of Things (IoT), networking, privacy and more. We have more Information Technology essays here . We also have separate sections for computer science , artificial intelligence and social media .

Nintendo CSR 2016: A Critical Evaluation

Introduction With the introduction of a new video game console in 2017, the Nintendo Switch, will Nintendo continue to maintain their sustainability quest? While competitors Sony and Microsoft love to throw around how much power their video game consoles can push for a relative affordable price, Nintendo has took a different turn with the Nintendo … Read more

Cloud computing in Bangalore

Cloud computing in Bangalore. The number of Small and Medium Enterprises in Bangalore have increased tremendously over the years.

Cloud Computing

A free information technology essay discussing cloud computing – view, print and download to help you with your studies.

What Is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing can be broadly defined as several different methods to deliver information or services to customers who pay for what they use

An Analysis Of Cloud Computing Security Approaches For Mobile Devices

Todays wireless access network technology is developing rapidly, providing new mobile cloud services that bring both opportunities and challenges for organisations

Enhancing Mobile Cloud Computing Platform By Using Semantic Technology

Cloud computing has recently evolved as one of the latest emerging industry in today’s world.

Load Balancing In Cloud Computing

Load Balancing In Cloud Computing. Cloud computing is the next generation of computation.

Scheduling problems in cloud computing

In cloud Computing, Cloud computing has recently emerging technology getting popular day by day having wide scope in future. Cloud computing is defined as a large scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economics of scale in which a pool of abstracted virtualized energetically. The number of users in cloud computing is growing exponentially. … Read more

Cloud computing models

Cloud Computing can be defined as the use and access of multiple server based computational resources via a digital network (WAN).Cloud users may access the resources using computer note book, pad computer, smart phone, or other device. In cloud computing applications are provided and managed by the cloud server and data is also stored remotely … Read more

Cloud computing

Cloud computing is the long dreamed vision of computing as a utility, where cloud customers can remotely store their data into the cloud so as to enjoy the on-demand high quality applications and services from a shared pool of configurable computing resources. Its great flexibility and economic savings are motivating both individuals and enterprises to … Read more

Integration of Cloud and Internet of Things

Abstract Cloud Computing and Internet of Things (IOT) both of the technologies has become an integral part of our lives already. Their adoption and use are expected to grow exponentially making them an important components of future lifestyle and Internet. In this presentation we will focus our attention on integration of the two which is … Read more

The impact of cloud computing

Cloud Computing has been changing not only the database management, but the entire business world. No doubt about that. Let’s try to analyze how is that cloud computing is completely revolutionizing the entire business operation model and landscape. First, we need to understand the meaning of the word. What is cloud computing? Cloud computing is … Read more

Risk assessment methodologies and frameworks for cloud computing

Introduction In [13], a security risk assessment method based on an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model has been introduced. The assessment is carried out using the principles of decomposition, pairwise comparison, and synthesis of weights. AHP employs three layers of decomposition. The first step in AHP is formulating the problem of assessing cloud security risk … Read more

Advantages and disadvantages of Cloud Computing for FlixVision

Acting as an International Development officer based in the US[31], for one of the largest non profit, on demand providers of TV programmes and movies that you can stream, FlixVision, it would be a challenging task to recover the company following major streaming disruption over the Christmas period since introducing cloud computing.  The server was … Read more

The Role and Responsibility of the External Auditor towards Cloud Computing

The Role and Responsibility of the External Auditor towards the Cloud Computing (An Empirical Study) Prepared by Hxxx Hxxxxxx Mxxxxxx 1.Chapter one: General Framework 1.1 Introduction and Background The cloud computing represents one of the challenges, which faces both accountants and auditors since some organizations have changed to adopt cloud computing. The cloud computing has … Read more

Writing an essay about information technology

When writing an essay about information technology, here are some key points for discussion:

Introduction to Information Technology: Start by providing an overview of information technology, its history, and its importance in modern society.

Types of Information Technology: Discuss the different types of information technology, such as hardware, software, networks, and the internet.

Emerging Technologies: Explore the latest emerging technologies in the field of information technology, such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and quantum computing.

Cybersecurity: Discuss the importance of cybersecurity in the digital age, including the risks of cyber attacks, data breaches, and identity theft.

Big Data: Discuss the concept of big data and its applications in various fields, such as business, healthcare, and social media.

Ethics and Social Issues: Discuss the ethical and social issues surrounding information technology, such as privacy, censorship, and digital divide.

E-commerce and Online Transactions: Discuss the growth of e-commerce and online transactions, including the challenges and opportunities for businesses and consumers.

Mobile Computing: Explore the impact of mobile computing on society, including the rise of mobile devices, mobile applications, and mobile payments.

Cloud Computing: Discuss the concept of cloud computing and its applications in various fields, such as education, healthcare, and government.

Future Directions in Information Technology: Discuss the future directions of information technology, including emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities.

Sample Information Technology essay titles

Stuck for a title for your next IT essay? Here are some ideas for you:

Certainly, here are ten original and creative essay titles for students in the field of information technology:

• The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Balancing Innovation and Responsibility
• From the Mainframe to the Cloud: The Evolution of Information Technology Infrastructure
• The Social Impact of Social Media: Examining Its Benefits and Drawbacks
• The Rise of Virtual Reality: The Future of Gaming and Beyond
• The Internet of Things: The Smart Home and the Connected World
• The Dark Side of Technology: Investigating Cybercrime and Digital Terrorism
• The Future of Education: How Technology is Revolutionizing Learning
• The Future of Healthcare: Exploring the Role of Technology in Health and Medicine
• The Intersection of Technology and the Environment: How Technology Can Help Save the Planet
• The Role of Blockchain in Business: Opportunities and Challenges

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Essay Samples on Information Science and Technology

The majority of college students that choose information science and technology find it hard to write unless it is a special report or research of something based on practice. If you find yourself among those poor learners that feel stuck, check our free technology essay examples that cover the most popular topics and even some that are not so common. Check these offerings and focus on how each paper’s part is structured. The introduction must present a problem and talk about the importance of your issue. It can be a case study that you research where you explain why something has happened or what solutions are the most efficient. It will help you to create a strong thesis that can be supported with a piece of evidence. The body paragraphs, as you can see by our technology essay samples, must support your main idea and contribute citations, statistics, or other important information that will inspire your readers and help them understand complex concepts. Speaking of your conclusion, don’t introduce any new ideas and provide a summary of what has been achieved as you composed your essay. Take your time, explore the examples, and you will deliver your essay on time!

Why Cell Phones Should Be Allowed in School: Harnessing Technology for Learning

The integration of cell phones into our daily lives has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and navigate the world around us. In the realm of education, the debate over whether cell phones should be allowed in schools continues to evolve. This essay explores...

• Cell Phones

Reasons Why Cell Phones Should Not Be Allowed in Schools

Cell phones have become an integral part of modern society, offering convenience, connectivity, and access to information at our fingertips. However, their presence in schools has ignited debates about their impact on the learning environment. This essay explores the reasons why cell phones should not...

The Negative Impact of Cell Phones: Navigating a Digital Dilemma

The advent of cell phones has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and navigate our daily lives. However, this technological advancement has also brought forth a range of negative impacts that deserve careful consideration. This essay delves into the negative effects of cell phones...

• Mobile Phone

Cell Phones Should Not Be Allowed in Schools: Maintaining a Focus on Learning

The ubiquitous presence of cell phones has brought convenience and connectivity to our lives, but their integration into educational settings has sparked debates about their impact on learning environments. While cell phones offer various advantages, this essay argues that they should not be allowed in...

About The Evolution and Impact of Cell Phones

Cell phones, once considered a luxury, have become an integral part of our daily lives. These portable devices have transformed the way we communicate, access information, and navigate the world around us. This essay explores the evolution and impact of cell phones, tracing their journey...

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Education in the 21st Century: Navigating a Transformative Landscape

The 21st century has brought about profound changes in every aspect of human life, including education. The traditional classroom model is being reshaped by rapid technological advancements, shifts in pedagogical approaches, and evolving societal demands. Education in the 21st century is not only about imparting...

• 21St Century
• Technology in Education

Computer Science Career Goals

Computer science career goals form the foundation of individuals' aspirations to explore, innovate, and create in the realm of technology. In a world characterized by rapid technological advancements, computer scientists play a pivotal role in shaping the digital landscape and driving transformative change. This essay...

• Career Goals
• Computer Science

Cheating with Cell Phones in School: Challenges and Solutions

The widespread use of cell phones has brought numerous benefits to our lives, but it has also introduced new challenges, especially in educational settings. One concerning issue that has emerged is the use of cell phones for cheating in schools. This essay delves into the...

Cell Phones: A Comparative Exploration of Then and Now

The evolution of cell phones has been nothing short of remarkable, transforming from simple communication devices to multifunctional tools that shape the way we interact, work, and navigate our lives. This essay delves into the journey of cell phones, tracing their evolution from their humble...

Cell Phones Should Be Allowed in School: An Argumentative Perspective

The role of technology in education has become increasingly prominent in recent years, with cell phones emerging as a ubiquitous and powerful tool. The question of whether cell phones should be allowed in school has sparked intense debates among educators, parents, and students. This essay...

Cell Phones in School: An Argumentative Perspective

The integration of technology into education has sparked a contentious debate over the role of cell phones in school settings. While some advocate for their presence, arguing that they enhance learning and communication, others contend that cell phones in schools can be detrimental to academic...

Cell Phones as a Distraction in School: Navigating the Learning Environment

In recent years, the prevalence of cell phones has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and engage with the world around us. While these devices offer numerous benefits, their presence in educational settings has ignited a debate over their potential to be distractions in...

Cell Phone Addiction: Unraveling the Digital Dilemma

In the modern age of technology, cell phones have become an integral part of our lives, offering convenience, connectivity, and access to a world of information at our fingertips. However, the rapid proliferation of cell phones has given rise to a concerning phenomenon: cell phone...

Career Goals in Cybersecurity: the Digital Frontier

Career goals in cybersecurity encompass a dynamic and crucial journey into the realm of digital defense. As our world becomes increasingly interconnected, the need to safeguard sensitive information and digital infrastructures has never been more pressing. In this essay, we delve into the significance of...

• Cyber Security

Banning Cell Phones in Schools: Balancing Benefits and Concerns

In an era marked by technological advancements and ubiquitous connectivity, the use of cell phones has become a prevalent aspect of daily life. However, the question of whether to ban cell phones in schools has ignited a thought-provoking debate. Advocates emphasize the potential benefits of...

The Controversy of Cell Phones: Examining Their Potential Dangers

About cell phones dangerous is a topic that has sparked widespread discussions in recent years. The exponential growth in cell phone usage has transformed the way we communicate, work, and access information. However, concerns have also arisen about the potential risks associated with prolonged cell...

Are Cell Phones Dangerous? Exploring the Argumentative Landscape

Are cell phones dangerous argumentative is a question that has ignited discussions on a global scale. As the use of cell phones continues to rise exponentially, concerns about potential risks and hazards associated with their usage have become more prominent. This essay delves into the...

Exploring the Impact of 21st Century Technology

The 21st century has witnessed a technological revolution that has reshaped every facet of human existence. From communication to commerce, education to entertainment, the influence of 21st century technology is pervasive and transformative. This essay delves into the profound impact of technology in this era,...

• Modern Technology

Transforming Education in the 21st Century

Education in the 21st century has undergone a profound transformation, driven by the rapid advancement of technology, changing societal demands, and a growing recognition of the need for holistic skill development. This essay delves into the landscape of 21st century education, exploring the key features...

20 Reasons Why Cell Phones Should Not Be Allowed in School

The increasing prevalence of cell phones in schools has sparked a contentious debate among educators, parents, and students. While some argue that cell phones can enhance learning, there are compelling reasons why they should not be allowed in educational settings. This essay explores twenty significant...

10 Reasons Why Cell Phones Should Not Be Allowed in School

In recent years, cell phones have become an integral part of our lives, transforming the way we communicate, work, and access information. However, the increasing presence of cell phones in educational settings has sparked a contentious debate. While proponents argue that they can enhance learning,...

Why Phones Should Be Allowed in School

The integration of smartphones into modern society has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and navigate daily life. In the realm of education, the debate over whether phones should be allowed in schools continues to spark discussions among educators, parents, and policymakers. This essay...

• Effects of Technology

Why Parents Should Monitor Children's Internet Access

The rapid integration of technology into our lives has transformed the way children learn, socialize, and explore. With the virtual world becoming an integral part of childhood, the question of whether parents should monitor their children's internet access has gained prominence. This essay examines the...

• Impact of Technology

Why Androids Are Better iPhones: An Argument in Favor of Android's Superiority

The debate between Androids and iPhones has persisted for years, with proponents of each side staunchly defending their preference. While iPhones have a dedicated fan base, this essay aims to present a compelling argument in favor of Androids, highlighting their flexibility, customization, affordability, and compatibility...

What If There Was No Internet: Exploring the Implications

The internet has become an integral part of modern life, revolutionizing the way we communicate, work, and access information. However, what if there was no internet? Such a scenario prompts us to consider the profound implications on communication, education, economy, and daily life. This essay...

• A Day Without Technology

What I Learned in Sociology Class: a Reflection

My experience in sociology class has been an eye-opening journey into the intricate workings of human societies and behaviors. This essay will reflect on what I have learned in a sociology class, highlighting how sociology has broadened my understanding of the world around me and...

• Class Reflection

What I Learned in Ethics Class: Morality and Critical Thinking

My journey through the ethics class was a thought-provoking exploration of moral dilemmas, philosophical perspectives, and the intricate interplay between right and wrong. As I reflect on what I learned in ethics class, I am reminded of the invaluable lessons that have shaped my ethical...

Unveiling Drawbacks: Disadvantages of Mobile Phones for Students

In the modern era, mobile phones have become an integral part of our daily lives. While they offer convenience, communication, and access to information, they also pose certain challenges, especially for students. The widespread use of mobile phones among students raises concerns about distractions, academic...

The Pros and Cons of the Internet as a Transformative Force

The internet, a transformative creation of the digital age, has reshaped the way we communicate, learn, work, and access information. As we navigate the digital landscape, it is crucial to critically evaluate the pros and cons of the internet. This essay delves into tthe advantages...

The Issue of Artificial Intelligence and Intrusion of Privacy

In an era driven by technological advancements, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool with far-reaching implications. While AI offers numerous benefits, including improved efficiency and enhanced decision-making, it also raises concerns about the intrusion of privacy. This essay delves into the complex...

• Artificial Intelligence
• Internet Privacy

The Debate Over CCTV Cameras in Classrooms: Balancing Privacy and Security

The integration of technology in education has led to discussions about the potential benefits and drawbacks of using Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras in classrooms. Advocates argue that these cameras can enhance security and provide valuable insights into classroom dynamics, while opponents raise concerns about privacy...

The Dark Side of Virtual Realms: Exploring the Negative Effects of Online Games

In today's interconnected world, online games have become an increasingly popular form of entertainment, offering a digital escape into fantastical realms and engaging experiences. However, while these games provide an avenue for relaxation and interaction, they also carry a range of negative consequences that deserve...

• Impact of Video Games
• Video Games

Should Parents Limit Screen Time: Analysis of the Argumentats

In an era defined by technology and digital connectivity, the question of whether parents should limit their children's screen time has become a subject of significant debate. As screens become a ubiquitous presence in daily life, concerns about their potential negative effects on children's physical,...

Is Video Gaming Good or Bad: Exploring the Nuances of Digital Play

Is video gaming good or bad? The impact of video gaming on individuals and society has been a subject of ongoing debate and research. As technology continues to advance, questions arise about the effects of prolonged gaming on cognitive development, social interactions, and overall well-being....

How Cell Phones Affect Our Lives

Cell phones have become an integral part of modern life, reshaping the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. While they offer unprecedented convenience and connectivity, their influence extends beyond convenience. This essay examines how cell phones affect our lives, from communication and...

Fractured Bonds: Disadvantages of Mobile Phones in Family

The advent of mobile phones has revolutionized the way we communicate, transforming our interactions and relationships. While mobile phones offer convenience and connectivity, they also bring forth a set of challenges, particularly within the family unit. The pervasive use of mobile phones can lead to...

Exploring the Pros and Cons of Video Games as a Part of Modern Culture

In this essay, we will examine the pros and cons of video games, exploring both the positive and negative aspects of this popular form of entertainment. Video games have become an integral part of modern culture, shaping how we interact, learn, and unwind. However, like...

Exploration of the Negative Impact of the Internet on Society

The internet, a revolutionary invention, has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate. However, alongside its numerous benefits, the internet has also brought about significant negative impact on society. In this essay, we will explore the detrimental effects of the internet on various aspects...

Dispelling the Myth: Why Video Games Don't Cause Violence

"Why video games don't cause violence" has been a contentious debate for decades, which makes it a relevant topic for this essay. In recent years, concerns about the potential link between video game violence and real-world aggression have gained significant attention. However, research consistently shows...

Cell Phones in School: A Debate on their Role and Impact

The presence of cell phones in schools has ignited a passionate debate, with proponents emphasizing their educational potential and opponents highlighting their potential distractions. In this essay, we delve into the arguments surrounding cell phones in schools, examining their potential benefits as educational tools, the...

Are Driverless Cars a Good Idea: Weighing the Pros and Cons

In recent years, the prospect of driverless cars has captured the imagination of both technology enthusiasts and skeptics alike. The idea of vehicles navigating roads without human intervention presents a future that is both exciting and uncertain. While the concept promises increased safety and efficiency,...

• Self Driving Cars

Are Cell Phones Really Dangerous: Separating Fact from Fear

The prevalence of cell phones in modern society has sparked debates about their potential dangers. Concerns have been raised regarding the health effects of prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation, as well as the impact of excessive phone usage on mental health and social interactions. While...

Apple vs. Microsoft: A Compare and Contrast Analysis

Apple and Microsoft are two giants in the technology industry, each with a distinct approach to innovation, design, and user experience. While both companies have left an indelible mark on the digital landscape, they differ in their philosophies, ecosystems, and product offerings. This essay delves...

• Microsoft Corporation

The Future Unveiled: Exploring the Landscape of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence, often abbreviated as AI, has emerged as a transformative force reshaping industries, economies, and societies on a global scale. With its ability to simulate human intelligence and perform complex tasks, AI has unlocked new possibilities and raised thought-provoking questions. This essay dives into...

Human Dependence on Technology: A Double-Edged Sword in 400 Words

Introduction In today's world, human dependence on technology is ubiquitous. From smartphones that manage our daily schedules to medical equipment that sustains life, technology has woven itself into nearly every aspect of our daily existence. While it has brought unprecedented convenience and progress, this dependence...

• Dependence on Technology

Negative Effects of Technology on Education: A Closer Look

Introduction Technology has penetrated every sphere of our lives, and the education sector is no exception. Schools and institutions around the world are increasingly integrating technology into their curricula to enhance learning experiences. While the positive impacts of this integration are often emphasized, it is...

• Negative Impact of Technology

Short About Negative Effects of Technology: A Closer Look

Introduction In the modern world, technology is a pervasive force, shaping nearly every aspect of our daily lives. While technology has brought about many positive changes, such as improved communication and advances in medicine, it has also engendered a range of negative effects. This essay...

The Positive and Negative Impact of Technology on Society

This essay weighs the advantages and disadvantages of technology in contemporary society, acknowledging the profound ways technology has reshaped our world, while advocating for a balanced and responsible approach to its use. Introduction As technology continues to evolve at an unprecedented rate, its effects on...

Connecting Through Screens: Advantages of Technology in Communication

Introduction The advancement of technology has reshaped the way individuals and organizations communicate. From instant messaging and video conferencing to social media and collaborative software, technology has broken down geographical barriers and made communication more efficient and accessible. This essay aims to explore various advantages...

• Advantages of Technology

Positive Effects of Technology: Enriching Lives and Shaping the Future

Introduction The evolution of technology has been one of the most transformative forces in human history. From the invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, technology has continually shaped our lives in countless ways. While discussions often focus on potential downsides of...

The Benefits of Information Technology: Empowering the Modern World

This essay has examined the myriad benefits of information technology, emphasizing its transformative impact on various sectors and aspects of modern society. As IT continues to evolve, its potential to further enhance our lives and the world remains immense. Introduction The advent of Information Technology...

• Information Technology

The Impact of Technology on Agriculture: A Transformative Force

Introduction The world of agriculture has seen a significant transformation in recent decades, largely due to advancements in technology. From the way farmers plant and nurture crops to the methods used to harvest and distribute products, technology has drastically altered the agricultural landscape. This essay...

• Agriculture

Issues and Challenges in Information Technology: Exploring the Landscape

Introduction This essay has shed light on the array of issues and challenges that arise within the realm of Information Technology. It emphasizes the importance of proactive measures, ethical considerations, and collaborative efforts to navigate the complexities of the digital landscape. The rapid advancement of...

Information Technology in Education: Empowering Learning in the Digital Age

This essay has explored the transformative role of information technology in education, emphasizing its potential to enhance learning experiences, foster collaboration, and prepare students for the challenges of the digital age. It underscores the importance of embracing technology as a catalyst for educational innovation and...

The Future of Information Technology: Navigating the Digital Frontier

This essay has provided insights into the potential future of information technology, highlighting the transformative technologies and challenges that await us as we navigate the digital landscape. Introduction The landscape of Information Technology (IT) is continually evolving, shaping the way we live, work, and interact....

The Advantages of Information Technology: Transforming the Modern World

This essay has delved into the extensive advantages of information technology, highlighting its critical role in shaping various aspects of modern society. As IT continues to evolve, its potential to further enhance our lives and the world remains immense. Introduction In the modern era, information...

Disadvantages of Information Technology: Navigating Digital Downsides

This essay has examined the various disadvantages of information technology, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive approach to navigating these challenges. As IT continues to dominate modern life, understanding and addressing these issues will be paramount for individuals, businesses, and governments alike. Introduction Information Technology...

• Digital Communication

The Impact of Technology on Our Culture: A Transformative Influence

Introduction Technology has always been a significant driver of cultural change. From the invention of the printing press to the rise of the internet, technology has had profound and far-reaching impacts on our culture. It shapes how we communicate, work, learn, and engage with the...

• Culture and Communication

The History of Information Technology: From Abacus to AI

This essay has explored the rich history of information technology, from its humble beginnings to the transformative technologies that define our modern world. It serves as a reminder of the incredible journey of human innovation and the boundless potential of technology. Introduction The history of...

Disadvantages of Modern Technology: Navigating the Dark Side of Progress

Introduction This essay has highlighted the potential disadvantages of modern technology, shedding light on health concerns, privacy issues, social implications, and more. As we navigate the digital age, it's imperative to approach technological advancements with a critical perspective that addresses these challenges and fosters a...

• Disadvantages of Technology

The Ubiquitous Role of Information Technology in Daily Life

Introduction This essay has highlighted the far-reaching influence of information technology on daily life, underscoring its role in communication, convenience, entertainment, work, and more. As we navigate the digital landscape, it's essential to be mindful of its implications and maximize its positive impact on our...

The Negative Impact of Technology on Education: Balancing Learning

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1. Why Cell Phones Should Be Allowed in School: Harnessing Technology for Learning

2. Reasons Why Cell Phones Should Not Be Allowed in Schools

3. The Negative Impact of Cell Phones: Navigating a Digital Dilemma

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6. Education in the 21st Century: Navigating a Transformative Landscape

7. Computer Science Career Goals

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Essay On Information Technology (200 & 500 Words)

Essay on information technology (200 words).

Information technology (IT) has revolutionized the modern world, shaping how we live, work, and communicate. This essay offers a concise overview of IT’s the transformative impact on society while remaining entirely original and in simple English.

The advent of IT has facilitated instant communication across vast distances, connecting people like never before. Email, instant messaging, and social media platforms have broken down geographical barriers and accelerated the exchange of ideas, fostering innovation and collaboration. This has nurtured global communities and enabled us to remain connected with friends and family, regardless of location.

Moreover, IT has played a pivotal role in the evolution of the business landscape. By automating repetitive tasks, businesses have realized increased efficiency and productivity, enabling them to focus on core activities and strategic growth. Additionally, IT has democratized information access, ensuring that invaluable knowledge is no longer restricted to a privileged few. This has empowered individuals and organizations to make data-driven decisions and stay competitive in today’s fast-paced world.

In education, IT has revolutionized the way we learn. E-learning platforms, online courses, and digital libraries have expanded educational opportunities, enabling anyone with an internet connection to access world-class resources and acquire new skills. This has diminished the divide between developed and developing countries, promoting a more equitable distribution of knowledge.

In conclusion, information technology has transformed various aspects of our lives, breaking down barriers and fostering innovation. As we continue to embrace IT, we can expect further advancements to improve our lives, making the world more interconnected and equitable.

Essay On Information Technology (500 words)

Information technology (IT) has been a game-changer in the modern era, transforming every aspect of human life. From communication and business to education and healthcare, the impact of IT is undeniable. In this essay, we will explore the essence of information technology, its importance in various sectors, and how it continues to shape the future.

Information technology uses computer systems, software, and telecommunications to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data. It is a broad field encompassing several areas, including computer hardware, software development, networking, and database management. The ultimate goal of IT is to facilitate effective and efficient communication, decision-making, and problem-solving in various sectors.

One of the most significant contributions of IT is the revolution in communication. The advent of the internet, social media platforms, and instant messaging apps have bridged the gap between people worldwide. Today, individuals can connect with friends, family, and colleagues in real time, regardless of geographical barriers. This ease of communication has also expanded business opportunities, allowing companies to collaborate with partners and clients across the globe.

Information technology has been a driving force behind globalization and the growth of economies. Businesses can now leverage IT to streamline operations, enhance productivity, and reduce costs. The rise of e-commerce platforms has enabled even small businesses to reach customers worldwide. Furthermore, IT has led to the developing of innovative business models like the sharing economy, which relies on peer-to-peer exchanges facilitated by technology.

The education sector has also been profoundly impacted by information technology. With the proliferation of online learning platforms, students can access educational resources and courses from anywhere in the world. This has democratized education, making it more accessible and inclusive. Moreover, IT has changed how educators approach teaching, incorporating interactive tools and multimedia to enhance student engagement and comprehension.

Information technology’s influence on healthcare cannot be overstated. Electronic health records, telemedicine, and medical imaging technologies have improved patient care and outcomes. Physicians can access critical information more quickly, enabling them to make informed decisions and provide personalized treatments. Telemedicine has made it possible for healthcare providers to reach patients in remote areas, reducing the need for travel and ensuring timely medical intervention.

Despite the countless benefits of information technology, there are challenges to address. Privacy and security concerns are at the forefront, as the increasing reliance on IT has led to potential vulnerabilities. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to develop robust systems that protect sensitive information and mitigate cyber threats. The digital divide persists, with unequal access to IT resources between developing and developed countries. To harness IT’s full potential; it is crucial to bridge this gap and invest in digital infrastructure and education.

Information technology has revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact. Its transformative power has been felt across various sectors, bringing unprecedented advancements and opportunities. As we continue to embrace and integrate IT into our lives, it is vital to address its challenges to ensure a secure and inclusive digital future for all. By doing so, we can harness the full potential of information technology to foster innovation, economic growth, and social progress.

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Sana Mursleen is a student studying English Literature at Lahore Garrison University (LGU). With her love for writing and humor, she writes essays for Top Study World. Sana is an avid reader and has a passion for history, politics, and social issues.

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What Is an Information Technology Essay

The definition of information technology essay changes with the article's subject. Depending on the paper's main goal the definition shifts changing shape and meaning. Similar scholarly pieces often look like an average essay, with almost no deviations in structure. These pieces not only test students’ abilities but also educate them about the latest tech advancements.

Creation of similar academic papers may require conducting research and arranging arguments and reasons. Technical language and advanced vocabulary are required. Narration must stay clean, coherent, and consistent. For easier completion, check out free paper samples on this site. Donated by students, they present creative ways of task completion. Various science essays can be good examples for you as well.

Read Our Free Information Technology Essay Examples!

A short information technology essay 200 words may not be enough for a college. The majority of students won’t be able to squeeze any data into this limit. Such compact size dictates additional skill requirements asking authors to compress sentences. Data compression must be done without losing informational value.

Use an essay on information technology pdf samples to successfully complete this task. Download them freely as pdf files or study online. Here’s how proposed samples elevate writing quality:

• Broader vocabulary

Subject-specific, advanced wording is used in each text sample. 

• Credible argumentation

Every reason is supported by trustworthy data sources.

• Smooth transitioning

Shift between talking points is invisible, completely natural.

• Dense package

All necessary data is included without breaking size limitations.

How to Write an Essay on Information Technology

We’ve created a guide for writing a short essay on information technology in pdf. Following all steps results in better more complex and academically correct papers. Creation of an essay on students and information technology is a tedious task. It involves multiple stages needed for successful completion. Still do not know with what to start? Here’s our guide to high-quality essays about information technology:

• Select a topic. Start by choosing an interesting text subject to write about. Reader’s and author’s interests must be mutual and equal.
• Conduct research. Read credible data sources to find useful, supportive information. Organize it for a convenient presentation.
• Explore examples. Browse through free paper samples. Look at any technology essay in our library. Distinguish main characteristics that make it work and improve grades. Write down ideas, wording, and arguments.
• Create an outline. Plan your narration. Design an article’s structure, paying attention to detail. Decide when each argument will be located and how it will be presented.
• Make drafts. Create multiple versions of your article. Each one must be better than the last in every way. Polish narration until perfection.
• Proofread. Look for grammar mistakes and spelling errors. Eliminate all faulty moments and repetitions. Read papers once more after some time.
• Check plagiarism. Always use originality checkers online to find out plagiarism percentage. Submitted pieces must be unique.

Information Technology Essay Topics Ideas

Captivating, impressive papers start with interesting essay topics on information technology. Text subject must be interesting to its author. It leads to improved narration and argumentation quality. Topics in an essay of information technology are modern and sometimes controversial. If you’re creating a custom topic, try grabbing readers' attention with it. We’ve made a short list of impressive, creative paper topics.

• How do social media algorithms tunnel a person's vision?
• A computer will replace human brains – discuss possibilities. (Consult: computer science essay .)
• Fast development of technologies makes people less smart.
• Explore the effects of technological progress on humanity.
• Can general digitalization help in solving social problems?
• Will the growth of the internet ever stop or slow down?
• Which infotech will rule the world in ten years?

FAQ About Information Technology Essays

Website showcases multiple free essays on information technology. Any student can download them freely at any time of day or night. Written by students, samples demonstrate various angles at familiar things. Studying them helps improve personal skills in writing and argumentation. Use samples as guidance to create unique scholarly papers.

Discussing information technology advantages and disadvantages is a common paper direction. Students must conduct research, study materials, and explore all options. All findings must be arranged in a readable, convenient form. Creating a list of pros and cons takes time and diligence. Look at free paper samples for fresh ideas and unseen before arguments.

Great essay on information technology starts with a definition. Propose a unique look at well-known concepts to instantly grab the reader's attention. The first introductory paragraph must provide a decent amount of background data, enough to make the audience acquainted. Keep it short and informative without saying too much or too little.

Importance of information technology essay pieces focuses on discussing everyday effects on human civilization. Try touching on improvements in medicine, law enforcement, and extended media coverage. Emphasize how technological advancement and computer science make our lives better in every way. Find inspiration and fresh ideas in proposed free text examples.

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Promises and Pitfalls of Technology

Politics and privacy, private-sector influence and big tech, state competition and conflict, author biography, how is technology changing the world, and how should the world change technology.

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Josephine Wolff; How Is Technology Changing the World, and How Should the World Change Technology?. Global Perspectives 1 February 2021; 2 (1): 27353. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2021.27353

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Technologies are becoming increasingly complicated and increasingly interconnected. Cars, airplanes, medical devices, financial transactions, and electricity systems all rely on more computer software than they ever have before, making them seem both harder to understand and, in some cases, harder to control. Government and corporate surveillance of individuals and information processing relies largely on digital technologies and artificial intelligence, and therefore involves less human-to-human contact than ever before and more opportunities for biases to be embedded and codified in our technological systems in ways we may not even be able to identify or recognize. Bioengineering advances are opening up new terrain for challenging philosophical, political, and economic questions regarding human-natural relations. Additionally, the management of these large and small devices and systems is increasingly done through the cloud, so that control over them is both very remote and removed from direct human or social control. The study of how to make technologies like artificial intelligence or the Internet of Things “explainable” has become its own area of research because it is so difficult to understand how they work or what is at fault when something goes wrong (Gunning and Aha 2019) .

This growing complexity makes it more difficult than ever—and more imperative than ever—for scholars to probe how technological advancements are altering life around the world in both positive and negative ways and what social, political, and legal tools are needed to help shape the development and design of technology in beneficial directions. This can seem like an impossible task in light of the rapid pace of technological change and the sense that its continued advancement is inevitable, but many countries around the world are only just beginning to take significant steps toward regulating computer technologies and are still in the process of radically rethinking the rules governing global data flows and exchange of technology across borders.

These are exciting times not just for technological development but also for technology policy—our technologies may be more advanced and complicated than ever but so, too, are our understandings of how they can best be leveraged, protected, and even constrained. The structures of technological systems as determined largely by government and institutional policies and those structures have tremendous implications for social organization and agency, ranging from open source, open systems that are highly distributed and decentralized, to those that are tightly controlled and closed, structured according to stricter and more hierarchical models. And just as our understanding of the governance of technology is developing in new and interesting ways, so, too, is our understanding of the social, cultural, environmental, and political dimensions of emerging technologies. We are realizing both the challenges and the importance of mapping out the full range of ways that technology is changing our society, what we want those changes to look like, and what tools we have to try to influence and guide those shifts.

Technology can be a source of tremendous optimism. It can help overcome some of the greatest challenges our society faces, including climate change, famine, and disease. For those who believe in the power of innovation and the promise of creative destruction to advance economic development and lead to better quality of life, technology is a vital economic driver (Schumpeter 1942) . But it can also be a tool of tremendous fear and oppression, embedding biases in automated decision-making processes and information-processing algorithms, exacerbating economic and social inequalities within and between countries to a staggering degree, or creating new weapons and avenues for attack unlike any we have had to face in the past. Scholars have even contended that the emergence of the term technology in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries marked a shift from viewing individual pieces of machinery as a means to achieving political and social progress to the more dangerous, or hazardous, view that larger-scale, more complex technological systems were a semiautonomous form of progress in and of themselves (Marx 2010) . More recently, technologists have sharply criticized what they view as a wave of new Luddites, people intent on slowing the development of technology and turning back the clock on innovation as a means of mitigating the societal impacts of technological change (Marlowe 1970) .

At the heart of fights over new technologies and their resulting global changes are often two conflicting visions of technology: a fundamentally optimistic one that believes humans use it as a tool to achieve greater goals, and a fundamentally pessimistic one that holds that technological systems have reached a point beyond our control. Technology philosophers have argued that neither of these views is wholly accurate and that a purely optimistic or pessimistic view of technology is insufficient to capture the nuances and complexity of our relationship to technology (Oberdiek and Tiles 1995) . Understanding technology and how we can make better decisions about designing, deploying, and refining it requires capturing that nuance and complexity through in-depth analysis of the impacts of different technological advancements and the ways they have played out in all their complicated and controversial messiness across the world.

These impacts are often unpredictable as technologies are adopted in new contexts and come to be used in ways that sometimes diverge significantly from the use cases envisioned by their designers. The internet, designed to help transmit information between computer networks, became a crucial vehicle for commerce, introducing unexpected avenues for crime and financial fraud. Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, designed to connect friends and families through sharing photographs and life updates, became focal points of election controversies and political influence. Cryptocurrencies, originally intended as a means of decentralized digital cash, have become a significant environmental hazard as more and more computing resources are devoted to mining these forms of virtual money. One of the crucial challenges in this area is therefore recognizing, documenting, and even anticipating some of these unexpected consequences and providing mechanisms to technologists for how to think through the impacts of their work, as well as possible other paths to different outcomes (Verbeek 2006) . And just as technological innovations can cause unexpected harm, they can also bring about extraordinary benefits—new vaccines and medicines to address global pandemics and save thousands of lives, new sources of energy that can drastically reduce emissions and help combat climate change, new modes of education that can reach people who would otherwise have no access to schooling. Regulating technology therefore requires a careful balance of mitigating risks without overly restricting potentially beneficial innovations.

Nations around the world have taken very different approaches to governing emerging technologies and have adopted a range of different technologies themselves in pursuit of more modern governance structures and processes (Braman 2009) . In Europe, the precautionary principle has guided much more anticipatory regulation aimed at addressing the risks presented by technologies even before they are fully realized. For instance, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation focuses on the responsibilities of data controllers and processors to provide individuals with access to their data and information about how that data is being used not just as a means of addressing existing security and privacy threats, such as data breaches, but also to protect against future developments and uses of that data for artificial intelligence and automated decision-making purposes. In Germany, Technische Überwachungsvereine, or TÜVs, perform regular tests and inspections of technological systems to assess and minimize risks over time, as the tech landscape evolves. In the United States, by contrast, there is much greater reliance on litigation and liability regimes to address safety and security failings after-the-fact. These different approaches reflect not just the different legal and regulatory mechanisms and philosophies of different nations but also the different ways those nations prioritize rapid development of the technology industry versus safety, security, and individual control. Typically, governance innovations move much more slowly than technological innovations, and regulations can lag years, or even decades, behind the technologies they aim to govern.

In addition to this varied set of national regulatory approaches, a variety of international and nongovernmental organizations also contribute to the process of developing standards, rules, and norms for new technologies, including the International Organization for Standardization­ and the International Telecommunication Union. These multilateral and NGO actors play an especially important role in trying to define appropriate boundaries for the use of new technologies by governments as instruments of control for the state.

At the same time that policymakers are under scrutiny both for their decisions about how to regulate technology as well as their decisions about how and when to adopt technologies like facial recognition themselves, technology firms and designers have also come under increasing criticism. Growing recognition that the design of technologies can have far-reaching social and political implications means that there is more pressure on technologists to take into consideration the consequences of their decisions early on in the design process (Vincenti 1993; Winner 1980) . The question of how technologists should incorporate these social dimensions into their design and development processes is an old one, and debate on these issues dates back to the 1970s, but it remains an urgent and often overlooked part of the puzzle because so many of the supposedly systematic mechanisms for assessing the impacts of new technologies in both the private and public sectors are primarily bureaucratic, symbolic processes rather than carrying any real weight or influence.

Technologists are often ill-equipped or unwilling to respond to the sorts of social problems that their creations have—often unwittingly—exacerbated, and instead point to governments and lawmakers to address those problems (Zuckerberg 2019) . But governments often have few incentives to engage in this area. This is because setting clear standards and rules for an ever-evolving technological landscape can be extremely challenging, because enforcement of those rules can be a significant undertaking requiring considerable expertise, and because the tech sector is a major source of jobs and revenue for many countries that may fear losing those benefits if they constrain companies too much. This indicates not just a need for clearer incentives and better policies for both private- and public-sector entities but also a need for new mechanisms whereby the technology development and design process can be influenced and assessed by people with a wider range of experiences and expertise. If we want technologies to be designed with an eye to their impacts, who is responsible for predicting, measuring, and mitigating those impacts throughout the design process? Involving policymakers in that process in a more meaningful way will also require training them to have the analytic and technical capacity to more fully engage with technologists and understand more fully the implications of their decisions.

At the same time that tech companies seem unwilling or unable to rein in their creations, many also fear they wield too much power, in some cases all but replacing governments and international organizations in their ability to make decisions that affect millions of people worldwide and control access to information, platforms, and audiences (Kilovaty 2020) . Regulators around the world have begun considering whether some of these companies have become so powerful that they violate the tenets of antitrust laws, but it can be difficult for governments to identify exactly what those violations are, especially in the context of an industry where the largest players often provide their customers with free services. And the platforms and services developed by tech companies are often wielded most powerfully and dangerously not directly by their private-sector creators and operators but instead by states themselves for widespread misinformation campaigns that serve political purposes (Nye 2018) .

Since the largest private entities in the tech sector operate in many countries, they are often better poised to implement global changes to the technological ecosystem than individual states or regulatory bodies, creating new challenges to existing governance structures and hierarchies. Just as it can be challenging to provide oversight for government use of technologies, so, too, oversight of the biggest tech companies, which have more resources, reach, and power than many nations, can prove to be a daunting task. The rise of network forms of organization and the growing gig economy have added to these challenges, making it even harder for regulators to fully address the breadth of these companies’ operations (Powell 1990) . The private-public partnerships that have emerged around energy, transportation, medical, and cyber technologies further complicate this picture, blurring the line between the public and private sectors and raising critical questions about the role of each in providing critical infrastructure, health care, and security. How can and should private tech companies operating in these different sectors be governed, and what types of influence do they exert over regulators? How feasible are different policy proposals aimed at technological innovation, and what potential unintended consequences might they have?

Conflict between countries has also spilled over significantly into the private sector in recent years, most notably in the case of tensions between the United States and China over which technologies developed in each country will be permitted by the other and which will be purchased by other customers, outside those two countries. Countries competing to develop the best technology is not a new phenomenon, but the current conflicts have major international ramifications and will influence the infrastructure that is installed and used around the world for years to come. Untangling the different factors that feed into these tussles as well as whom they benefit and whom they leave at a disadvantage is crucial for understanding how governments can most effectively foster technological innovation and invention domestically as well as the global consequences of those efforts. As much of the world is forced to choose between buying technology from the United States or from China, how should we understand the long-term impacts of those choices and the options available to people in countries without robust domestic tech industries? Does the global spread of technologies help fuel further innovation in countries with smaller tech markets, or does it reinforce the dominance of the states that are already most prominent in this sector? How can research universities maintain global collaborations and research communities in light of these national competitions, and what role does government research and development spending play in fostering innovation within its own borders and worldwide? How should intellectual property protections evolve to meet the demands of the technology industry, and how can those protections be enforced globally?

These conflicts between countries sometimes appear to challenge the feasibility of truly global technologies and networks that operate across all countries through standardized protocols and design features. Organizations like the International Organization for Standardization, the World Intellectual Property Organization, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, and many others have tried to harmonize these policies and protocols across different countries for years, but have met with limited success when it comes to resolving the issues of greatest tension and disagreement among nations. For technology to operate in a global environment, there is a need for a much greater degree of coordination among countries and the development of common standards and norms, but governments continue to struggle to agree not just on those norms themselves but even the appropriate venue and processes for developing them. Without greater global cooperation, is it possible to maintain a global network like the internet or to promote the spread of new technologies around the world to address challenges of sustainability? What might help incentivize that cooperation moving forward, and what could new structures and process for governance of global technologies look like? Why has the tech industry’s self-regulation culture persisted? Do the same traditional drivers for public policy, such as politics of harmonization and path dependency in policy-making, still sufficiently explain policy outcomes in this space? As new technologies and their applications spread across the globe in uneven ways, how and when do they create forces of change from unexpected places?

These are some of the questions that we hope to address in the Technology and Global Change section through articles that tackle new dimensions of the global landscape of designing, developing, deploying, and assessing new technologies to address major challenges the world faces. Understanding these processes requires synthesizing knowledge from a range of different fields, including sociology, political science, economics, and history, as well as technical fields such as engineering, climate science, and computer science. A crucial part of understanding how technology has created global change and, in turn, how global changes have influenced the development of new technologies is understanding the technologies themselves in all their richness and complexity—how they work, the limits of what they can do, what they were designed to do, how they are actually used. Just as technologies themselves are becoming more complicated, so are their embeddings and relationships to the larger social, political, and legal contexts in which they exist. Scholars across all disciplines are encouraged to join us in untangling those complexities.

Josephine Wolff is an associate professor of cybersecurity policy at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. Her book You’ll See This Message When It Is Too Late: The Legal and Economic Aftermath of Cybersecurity Breaches was published by MIT Press in 2018.

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The role of information and communication technologies in socioeconomic development: towards a multi-dimensional framework Footnote * * Sajda Qureshi is the accepting Editor-in-Chief for this article.

• Cite this article
• https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2019.1596654

1. Introduction

2. existing frameworks, 3. framework for the role of ict in socioeconomic development, 4. papers in this special issue, 5. directions for future research, 6. conclusion.

• Acknowledgements

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In this introduction to the special issue on the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in socioeconomic development, we provide a conceptual framework that considers four dimensions that impact socioeconomic development: policy, business, technology, and society. This framework, which is systematically constructed from reviewing several earlier frameworks but more general in focus, is intended to provide context for the eight papers in this special issue, and also guidance for future-related research.

• Information and communication technologies
• socioeconomic development
• conceptual framework

Information and communication technologies (ICT) play a significant role in all aspects of modern society. ICT have changed the way in which we communicate with each other, how we find needed information, work, conduct business, interact with government agencies, and how we manage our social lives. As ICT affect everyday lives, they also impact the macroeconomic growth, which in turn further affects society by enabling infrastructure and standard of living improvements.

Although the concept of ‘socioeconomic development' is widely applied in research and in practice, its meaning may not always be clear. The word ‘development' implies progress or advance, and may be defined as the overall activity in a society, consciously or subconsciously undertaken, aimed at improvements in that society (Stec, Filip, Grzebyk, & Pierscieniak, Citation 2014 ). The qualifier ‘socioeconomic,' itself a combination of two words, relates to social factors, like education, and profession, as well as economic factors, like income and resources. Thus socioeconomic development can be defined as a process of changes or improvements in social and economic conditions as they relate to an individual, an organization, or society as a whole (Roztocki & Weistroffer, Citation 2016 ).

The papers in this special edition all deal with the role that ICT play in various aspects of society and socioeconomic development, such as in education and training, administration, organizational relationships, project management, delivery of services, and medical care. In this editorial, we try to provide some structure around the role that ICT play in this socioeconomic development and also show how various aspects of society, technology, business, and governmental policy relate to socioeconomic development.

Before introducing our multi-dimensional conceptual framework, we briefly review previously published frameworks that deal with socioeconomic development and discuss their merits and shortcomings. Our own framework is based in part on these earlier frameworks. After discussing our own proposed framework, we introduce the eight papers in this special issue and put them in the context of the proposed framework.

To assess the current research landscape on socioeconomic development, we searched the literature for existing frameworks or models. An earlier, well-conceived model is the conceptual framework by Tallon and Kraemer ( Citation 2000 ), which relates ICT to economic payoffs and economic development. However, conceptual frameworks that simultaneously focus on social as well as economic aspects of development are rare. Overall we were able to identify only six previously published frameworks that attempt to explain the effects of ICT on some aspects of socioeconomic development. We briefly discuss these in the order of their publication, starting with the earliest one.

Madon ( Citation 2000 ) proposed a conceptual framework that attempts to explain the interaction between the Internet and socioeconomic development in developing countries. The framework was developed based on the literature, anecdotal evidence, and conjecture. It suggests that the Internet has a mainly positive impact on four main factors: economic growth, as witnessed by economic productivity; social well-being, including health, education, and the alleviation of poverty; political well-being, viz. democracy; and the physical environment through sustainable development. Madon emphasizes the importance of intermediary institutions, including government actions, which facilitate the effect of the Internet on socioeconomic development.

Madon's framework is specific to the Internet, rather than ICT in general, thus does not consider currently trendy ICT such as Big Data, Internet-of-Things, and Cloud Computing. The framework also is limited in its focus on developing countries and does not claim to be applicable to highly developed societies. Furthermore, the framework does not explicitly show other important factors, such as human resource development, though some of these are discussed by the author in the description of the framework.

Uttama ( Citation 2012 ) proposed a model describing the effect of foreign direct investment on socioeconomic development in countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The author claims that foreign capital investment is a powerful driving engine for socioeconomic development, by effecting growth in the product market, labor market, and capital market, which in turn result in improvements in income, employment, productivity, and human development.

Uttama's framework focuses on the impact of foreign direct investments and is limited to the context of ASEAN countries. Nevertheless, the framework interestingly presents an ambiguous role of foreign direct investment, revealing its positive impact on economic growth, but negative influence on social development.

Roztocki and Weistroffer ( Citation 2016 ) proposed a broad framework linking ICT and socioeconomic development. The framework shows ICT, such as computing resources, Internet, mobile telephony, GPS, and Wi-Fi, enabling business activities and services, such as e-commerce, e-government, on-line social networks, on-line teaching, and so on. The framework further shows that these business activities impact the socioeconomic development of individuals, organizations, and the country as a whole. These are manifested in individuals’ education, health, income, quality of life, etc., as well as organizations’ global competitiveness and resources, and the country's national product, political freedom, wealth, esteem, and the labor market.

The framework further shows that these socioeconomic developments in turn influence government policies, business culture, and infrastructure, which further generate developments in business activities and services. Also, the individual, organizational, and country wide socioeconomic developments determine the human and social capital, which support the business activities and services.

Lacking in this framework is a temporal perspective, i.e. the time lag between ICT implementation and specific developments; no distinction is made between short-term and long-term impacts. Furthermore, the framework seems to focus on business and government activities, but is missing the activities and services of public institutions and non-government organizations (NGOs).

Ashraf, Grunfeld, Hoque, and Alam ( Citation 2017 ) developed a framework to explain ICT-led socioeconomic development at the community level. Specifically, the authors looked at three community centers (BRAC Gonokendra) in Bangladesh, which provide economic and social programs to people and communities in situations of poverty. The framework also includes social constraints that may present obstacles to development. Thus while ICT may provide a means for socioeconomic development, social constraints, such as religious perceptions and mobility restrictions on women, need to be addressed to achieve the desired improvements to information access, employment opportunities, social status, education, and social awareness.

The framework is very specific to ICT provided by community centers in rural communities in a developing country. In essence, it depicts some guidelines how to conduct research on ICT-led socioeconomic development at the community level.

Roztocki, Soja, and Weistroffer ( Citation 2017 ) proposed a framework that links enterprise systems (ES) technology adoption to socioeconomic development in transition economies, i.e. in economies that are in transition or have recently transitioned from a centrally planned economic system to a market driven system. The framework shows that ES implementations enable business activities, which impact socioeconomic development primarily at the organizational level. These socioeconomic developments in turn influence government policy, business culture, and business environment, as well as determine human and social capital. Government policy, business culture, and business environment also affect subsequent ES implementations, which are also shaped by the available human and social capital, thus providing a circular relationship.

This framework focuses specifically on transition economies and their special characteristics. Also, it is limited to ES technology, rather than ICT in general. Another weakness may be that it does not explicitly show the relationships between government policy, business culture, and business environment.

More recently, Palvia, Baqir, and Nemati ( Citation 2018 ) proposed a framework that builds on Sen's capabilities approach (Sen, Citation 1999 ). The construction of their framework was also inspired by the earlier described framework of Madon ( Citation 2000 ) that focuses on the impact of the Internet on socioeconomic development. The Palvia et al. framework is based on data collected in Pakistan and tries to explain how citizens of a country view impacts of ICT on socioeconomic development. According to the authors, the citizens’ views could be classified into five major categories: social contacts, economic transformation, cultural evolution, personal security, and empowerment.

According to the Palvia et al. framework, ICT have enormous effects on social capital, labeled in the framework as social contact, as ICT can be used as a means for staying in touch with family, friends, and business partners. ICT also have effects on business activities, labeled by the authors of the framework as economic transformation, as ICT allow effective management of current business and pursuing additional business opportunities by entering new market segments. The framework also shows ICT impact on cultural evolution, indicated by changes in human behavior. Furthermore, the framework shows ICT impact on personal security and criminal use. Finally, the Palvia et al. framework shows effects that ICT have on education, learning, and access to health care as well as entertainment, labeled by the authors as empowerment in life domains.

A useful feature of the Palvia et al. framework is that it also shows possible negative impacts of ICT, such as lack of attention (as part of cultural evolution) and criminal use. Missing in the framework are causal links among the various constructs included. Furthermore, the framework reflects subjective perceptions of a class of citizens in one country, and thus may not be applicable in other contexts.

Though these existing frameworks show that research on better understanding the effects of ICT on socioeconomic development is alive and well, there are also clear gaps that call for further investigation. All the frameworks seem to agree that the impact of ICT on socioeconomic development is substantial, but the frameworks differ in what they cover and in detail. Most of the frameworks cover only very limited aspects of socioeconomic development.

Almost all the frameworks were developed in the context of developing, emerging, or transition economies, though we conjecture that many of the aspects apply to highly developed economies as well. The reason that most of the frameworks and research on this topic are in the context of less developed economies is likely because these economies seem to be in greater need for socioeconomic development. However, socioeconomic development is a continuous process, taking place in all countries and societies, and ICT is likely having an impact in all these contexts, though the type and degree of development may differ.

Some of the frameworks described above were developed in the context of narrowly defined communities and are useful especially in the understanding of the dynamics in those communities, though some of the causalities likely apply also in a more general setting. Some of the frameworks look at specific types of ICT, rather than ICT in general, which allow for more specific findings. When expanding to general ICT, some of the relationships likely still apply, though some of the detailed results may not be applicable.

In developing our own multi-dimensional and broadly applicable framework, we took from these existing frameworks only those aspects that seem to apply in general contexts. In constructing the framework, we followed a systematic procedure as proposed by Jabareen ( Citation 2009 ). In essence, we reviewed the existing frameworks for common elements or constructs. We also looked at overlaps in reported relationships between the various frameworks, as these overlaps boost the certainty inherent in the relationships. In addition, we examined the papers within this special issue with respect to these concepts and the relationships between them. The purpose of our framework is to provide some structure for future research into the role of ICT in various types of socioeconomic development.

As stated in the Introduction, we define socioeconomic development as a process of changes or improvements in social and economic conditions as they relate to an individual, an organization, or society as a whole (Roztocki & Weistroffer, Citation 2016 ). Thus analysis of socioeconomic development can be conducted at various levels, viz. individuals, organizations, or countries. We emphasize that socioeconomic development plays the role of the dependent variable in our framework. It should be noted that the precise definition of socioeconomic development varies in the literature and is the subject of much discussion by developmental economists. Nevertheless, our framework is intended to be broad, encompassing various levels and interpretations of socioeconomic development.

In some way, our framework shows the reverse directions of the various models related to technology acceptance that have been proposed in the literature, as those models look at factors that explain acceptance and use of ICT, whereas our framework includes ICT as an explaining factor for socioeconomic development. While UTAUT (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, & Davis, Citation 2003 ) is perhaps the most prominent among these technology acceptance models, the models that appear to be most relevant to our framework are the van Dijk ( Citation 2005 ) and SATUM (Spatially Aware Technology Utilization Model) models (Pick & Sarkar, Citation 2015 , Citation 2016 ), as they capture multiple issues related to society, economy, culture, and politics.

Figure 1. Multi-dimensional framework for the role of ICT in socioeconomic development.

3.1. Policy dimension

In this dimension, we include three areas for policies that strongly affect socioeconomic development: capital resources/market, international organizations, and government.

By capital resources or market, we refer to the overall availability and structure for financing of business activities. These resources enable businesses and government organizations to finance the creation or expansion of production or services. How these capital markets are operated and regulated has a strong bearing on business activities.

International organizations are influential on socioeconomic development as they are endowed with substantial resources and can determine load conditions and organize bailouts for distressed economies (Broome, Homolar, & Kranke, Citation 2017 ), thus having a major impact on availability of capital resources. Moreover, international organizations using international agreements may exercise power over particular countries and force changes to local government policies (Broome et al., Citation 2017 ). As suggested by Béland and Orenstein ( Citation 2013 ), international organizations frequently change their strategies and policies. Except for relatively short periods of time where they may exhibit ideological consistency, it is difficult to describe their policy approaches as stable. International organizations, such as the World Bank and OECD, produce global benchmarks that measure national performance across a range of issues. Such benchmarking can be a significant source of indirect power in world politics (Broome et al., Citation 2017 ).

In the context of this paper, we define government policy as a system of regulations, laws, funding priorities, and procedures of corrective actions, which are conducted by governments and their officials.

3.2. Business dimension

Within the business dimension, we differentiate between what is going on, i.e. the business activities and the commercial base established by these activities, and the foundation that enables these happenings, i.e. the business environment and culture and the physical infrastructure.

Business activities are undertakings performed by various entities such as individuals, companies, and institutions, with the potential to create economic gains. Segessemann and Crevoisier ( Citation 2016 ) classify business activities into residential and productive activities. Residential activities are business activities focused on local customers, while productive activities are directed towards extra regional demand, generating the basic income for a given region. Extensive studies of economic activities in large cities (Haig, Citation 1926 ) have led to the development of various related theories. According to the economic base theory (Hoyt, Citation 1954 ; Tiebout, Citation 1962 ), only productive activities improve the economic position of a region, as they generate cash flows from outside of the region (Roberts, Citation 2003 ). Nevertheless, residential activities are important for socioeconomic development at the individual and organizational level, as they create employment and generate sales revenues for local firms.

The commercial base, sometimes also called economic base, represents the total sum of business activities, but it also is a facilitator for specific income-generating business activities (Roztocki & Weistroffer, Citation 2016 ). A central idea of economic base is that an economy in a given region is supported by the exports to the outside of the region and that this external demand for a region's products drives its economy (Nesse, Citation 2014 ).

In general, the understanding of business environment can be very broad and is best defined as a complex system of policy, legal, institutional, and regulatory conditions that govern business activities (DCED, Citation 2008 ). In other words, business environment can be considered as a set of influential external factors imposed on enterprises. These factors are outside of the direct influence of the manager, company owner, or the entrepreneur (Davari, Zehtabi, Negati, & Zehtabi, Citation 2012 ). Business culture refers to the collective values and beliefs of business actors that influence the way business is conducted. Business culture relates to management style, but is also affected by national culture, religion, and history.

Infrastructure refers to the fundamental facilities and services available for an economy to function. This includes communication networks like roads, railways, telephone, and Internet availability, as well as the institutions that provide services like health care, education, and law enforcement. This infrastructure has a major impact on the business environment as it builds foundation for streamlining business processes and inter-organizational cooperation.

3.3. Technology dimension

In the technology dimension, we include ICT as well as supporting technologies that enable people and organizations derive the maximum benefits from ICT.

The meaning of technology has changed over time and the issues which are discussed in terms of technology were in the past framed in such terms as useful arts, manufacturing, industry, invention, applied science, and the machine (Schatzberg, Citation 2006 ). Moreover, technology in a narrow sense can be understood as an ensemble of machineries and procedures (Borgmann, Citation 2006 ). Nevertheless, we adopt a much broader definition of technology, which is in line with the ideas of an American philosopher, John Dewey, who claimed that technology cannot be limited to a few outer and comparatively mechanical forms (Hickman & Alexander, Citation 1998 , p. 24). In our understanding of supporting technologies, we follow the idea of Haug ( Citation 1992 ), who broadly defined technology as ‘anything, tangible or intangible, that could contribute to the economic, industrial or cultural development of a country.'

The term ICT is largely used as an extension of or synonymously to information technologies (IT). Broadly conceived, ICT are understood as a combination of hardware, software and communication networks (Borgmann, Citation 2006 ) that enable electronic information capture, storing, processing, and transfer. ICT and supporting technologies work in synergy in sustaining business activities and socioeconomic development.

3.4. Society dimension

The society dimension includes education, human capital, and social capital. Degnan and Jacobs define education as ‘the life-long acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities that promote personal growth and fulfillment, economic viability (at both the individual and community level), and community enrichment' (Degnan & Jacobs, Citation 1998 ). This definition emphasizes that education is a process that can be conducted in formal and informal settings, inside and outside schools and universities.

Goode ( Citation 1959 ) defines human capital as ‘knowledge, skills, attitudes, aptitudes, and other acquired traits that contribute to production' or specific work, which results in economic value. Human capital is the skill and knowledge base necessary to generate a specific output. Its creation and maintenance require financial expenditures and time. These expenditures on education and health, for example, are frequently difficult to distinguish from consumption (Schultz, Citation 1961 ).

In the context of this framework, and in line with Baron and Markman ( Citation 2003 ), we define social capital as the capability to have access to persons important for success of a given project. In essence, social capital is the goodwill available to individuals or groups, and its source lies in the structure and content of the individual actor's social relations (Adler & Kwon, Citation 2002 ).

Within the society dimension, the paper by Stal and Paliwoda-Pękosz illustrates how ICT-enabled education may help people improve their soft skills, an important facet of human and social capital. The authors, in their paper, highlight the role of teaching methods in developing human and social capital, by building students’ soft skills.

3.5. Relationships within the framework

The relationships between the concepts in our framework were derived from the existing frameworks described earlier, literature review, as well as our own reasoning. There are the impacts of the four dimensions on socioeconomic development, then there are the impact relationships between the four dimensions, and lastly, as discussed earlier, there are relationships between constructs within each of the four dimensions. Some of these relationships are illustrated by the papers in this special issue. It should be noted that while illustrating the relationships between the relevant concepts, or between the explanatory variables, we focused on what we consider the most important relationships, which in the vast majority of cases yielded unidirectional relationships; only the relationship between supporting technologies and ICT is conceived as bidirectional. We realize that many other relationships may actually be bidirectional in specific contexts; however, we decided to illustrate the most significant associations relevant for various settings.

The policy dimension impacts the business dimension both in the context of business activities and commercial base, as well as in the context of the business environment and infrastructure. For example, through monetary and fiscal policies, governments affect overall spending and thus business activities (Lim & McNelis, Citation 2018 ). Also, capital resources are essential to enable business activities, and international organizations impact trade, which affects both the commercial base, as well as the business environment and culture. Government policies also strongly affect the general infrastructure. For example, motivated by environmental consideration and to reduce air pollution, governments may push sales of electric vehicles while investing in charging infrastructure (Lopez-Behar et al., Citation 2019 ).

The policy dimension also impacts socioeconomic development directly. For example, Heeks, Foster, and Nugroho ( Citation 2014 ) illustrate how various political initiatives may affect socioeconomic development. In our special issue, the impact of the policy dimension on socioeconomic development is illustrated by Mahmood et al., who describe the effect of transparency and accountability in e-Government on political participation, an important facet of socioeconomic development (Tibben, Citation 2015 ).

The business dimension impacts the society dimension as it creates demand for human resources and allows investments in human and social capital (Palvia et al., Citation 2018 ). The business dimension also impacts socioeconomic development directly, as it creates jobs and more income, which leads to higher standards of living (Palvia et al., Citation 2018 ).

Technology changes the way businesses operate, and thus has a strong impact on business activities and the commercial base. In our special issue, the impact of the technology dimension on the business dimension is illustrated by Lech, who in his paper asserts that enterprise information systems are used in developing and transition economies to improve efficiency and to increase the pace of business activities.

The technology dimension also has major impact on the society dimension, as technology is often the main diver for societal transformation, as discussed by Lee, Shao, and Vinze ( Citation 2018 ). In our special issue, the impact of the technology dimension on the society dimension is illustrated for example by Stal and Paliwoda-Pękosz, who in their paper demonstrate the impact of e-learning on education.

There is wide agreement that ICT together with supporting technologies make a substantial contribution to socioeconomic development (Sein, Thapa, Hatakka, & Sæbø, Citation 2018 ). In their paper, Sein et al. give an example of telecommunication investments as a driver of socioeconomic development. Palvia et al. ( Citation 2018 ), in turn, describe an example that the use of cellular phones is beneficial to small businesses in gaining additional customers. In our special issue, the impact of the technology dimension on socioeconomic development is illustrated for example by Mengesha and Garfield. In their paper, they demonstrate how the use of a specific technology, telemedicine, may improve people's well-being. Technology also affects various economic metrics, such as gross domestic product (GDP) (Lee et al., Citation 2018 ).

In our special issue, the impact of the society dimension on the business dimension is illustrated for example by Kowal et al., who show how human capital influences the commercial base. In particular, the authors demonstrate the role of citizenship behavior in the job market. Also in our special issue, the impact of the society dimension on socioeconomic development is illustrated in the paper by Jacobs et al., who demonstrate the role of stakeholder capabilities in political participation, an important facet of socioeconomic development (Tibben, Citation 2015 ).

Our special issue has eight papers that examine various aspects of socioeconomic development. The papers are based on research conducted in diverse economic settings, including developing countries, transition economies, and highly industrialized countries. The research settings also represent various geographical regions, such as Africa, Middle East, and Europe.

The first paper, A contextualized IT adoption and use model for telemedicine in Ethiopia , by Getachew Hailemariam Mengesha and Monica J. Garfield, examines the adoption and use of telemedicine and its potential for socioeconomic development. The data was collected from 205 questionnaires completed at the Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The results of this study suggest that the adoption and use of telemedicine is affected substantially by ‘facilitating conditions' and ‘compatibility with medical practice,' which maps into business environment and culture in our framework.

The second paper, Developing capacity through co-design: the case of two municipalities in rural South Africa , by Carl Jacobs, Ulrike Rivett, and Musa Chemisto, explores how co-design methodology may affect the implementation of an ICT system and its impact on socioeconomic development. Co-design methodology involves participation of various stakeholders in the implementation project and better utilizes the available human capital in synergy with the technology. The results indicate that positive effects of using the co-design methodology are more substantial than reported in the literature. The authors put forward that co-design, as an approach to developing ICT solutions, should be considered by all governments, ICT practitioners, and researchers in the ICT4D field.

The third paper, Organizational citizenship behavior of IT professionals: lessons from Poland and Germany , by Jolanta Kowal, Alicja Keplinger, and Juho Mäkiö, focuses on the relationship between the social dimension and the business dimension. Specifically, the paper reports on a study of potential differences in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of female and male IT professionals in Poland and Germany. Poland is an example of a transition economy, while Germany is one of the most developed countries in the world. The data was collected using an on-line survey among 282 Polish respondents and 80 German respondents. The results indicate that female IT professionals view their supervisors more positively than their male counterparts, but female IT professionals were also more demanding of their subordinates than their male counterparts. Moreover, the results of this research indicate that organizational citizenship behavior is appreciated more in Germany than in Poland.

The fourth paper, Fostering development of soft skills in ICT curricula: a case of a transition economy , by Janusz Stal & Grażyna Paliwoda-Pękosz, uses a multiple case study approach to examine the effects of changes in teaching methods. The paper proposes a framework for ICT-supported university courses to help design courses that also develop business and soft skills of students, and thereby improve students’ prospects in the job market, which is especially important due to rapidly changing business environment and technology evolution in developing and emerging economies. Thus this paper also highlights the relationship between the social dimension and the business dimension.

The fifth paper, The influence of transformed government on citizen trust: insights from Bahrain , by Mohamed Mahmood, Vishanth Weerakkody, and Weifeng Chen, examines the adoption of e-government and the effect of transforming government on trust in public institutions. The data for this study is collected by a survey with 313 respondents, conducted in Bahrain. The results indicate that citizen trust and confidence is positively influenced by government transformation, as long as this transformation is accompanied by improved government performance, transparency, and accountability. Thus this paper deals with the relationship of technology together with government policy on socioeconomic development.

The sixth paper, Discovering the determinants and predicting the degree of e-business diffusion using the decision tree method: evidence from Montenegro , by Biljana Rondović, Ljiljana Kašćelan, Vujica Lazović, and Tamara Đuričković, uses a decision three method to assess the impact of technical, organizational and environmental factors on e-business in Montenegro, a transition economy. The results show that level of significance of observed influential factors depends on the specific industry and business type. For example, in the finance sector, the technical factors seem to be the strongest determinants for e-business diffusion, whereas in trade and tourism companies, the organizational factors are most influential. The paper highlights the importance of all four dimensions in our framework on socioeconomic development, as technology factors, as well as business factors (business environment), society factors (education and human capital), and policy factors (regulations) are influential in varying degrees on e-business diffusion.

The seventh paper, An exploratory study of the determinants of information technology hardware production: a country-level analysis , by Namchul Shin and Jason Dedrick examines the factors that impact hardware production in various countries. The results of this research indicate that hardware production in a country is related to its IT demand, GDP per capita, its openness for exports and imports, labor quality. Moreover, the results show that production of IT hardware classified as electronic data processing is likely to be moved to low wage countries, while IT production of hardware classifies as medical and industrial equipment is likely to remain in mature economies. The paper thus illustrates the impacts of the society dimension and the policy dimension on a specific business activity.

Finally, the eighth paper, Enterprise system implementations in transition and developed economies: differences in project contracting and governance , by Przemysław Lech, is a view from practice. In this article, the author point out differences in enterprise system implementations in transition and developed economies, showing that projects in highly developed countries tend to be performed in a more co-operative and benign way, while in less developed countries the approach is based more on a client–supplier, ‘muscular' way of managing the relationship, which may cause additional problems during project execution and result in higher transaction costs. Thus the paper reveals the importance of the business environment and culture in completing a complex project like enterprise system implementation.

The intention of the multi-dimensional framework for ICT-supported socioeconomic development, presented in this paper, is to provide inspiration for researchers in the ICT for development (ICT4D) field. We encourage researchers to conduct investigations aimed at validating and enhancing the framework, as there may be additional dimensions that should be considered, and other concepts and relationships. It would also be useful to establish a better theoretical foundation to justify the relations in our multi-dimensional framework. Developing new theories or using existing theories is particularly valuable, as much of the research on socioeconomic development is currently lacking theoretical lenses (Sein et al., Citation 2018 ).

As far as enhancing our framework, especially worthy of investigation may be looking into the complementary or contradictory relationships between the various concepts. Thus it may be interesting to explore if shortcomings in a specific concept could be compensated by an extraordinary performance of some other concept. In addition, the time-related perspective of the impact on development appears especially vital, i.e. examining the short- and long-term effects of the proposed considerations.

Future research, besides substantiating (or refuting) the relationships depicted in our framework, may focus on examining so-far under-investigated links between concepts within our framework, such as relationships between technology-related constructs and societal factors. The impact of various concepts on infrastructure would also be of significant interest.

We also believe that the policy dimension, capturing the impact of government, international organizations, and available financing, is particularly worthy of more research. The role of global entities, such as international organizations and multinational corporations (MNCs) in socioeconomic development, is particularly interesting. As suggested by some prior research, the long-term effects of foreign capital might be negative. For example, Tausch ( Citation 2010 ) claims that MNC penetration ‘significantly increases inequality and unemployment, and lowers life expectancy, and doubtlessly contributes to a high tertiary emigration rate, to a higher infant mortality, and to significantly less social security expenditures.' Also within the policy dimension, the article by Jacobs, Rivett, and Chemisto in this special issue interestingly suggests the need for researching governmental and political perspectives on citizen trust.

Another important area for future research is the role of age in ICT implementation and acceptance. Population ageing is a global phenomenon that will continue to affect all regions of the world (Harper, Citation 2014 ; Tams, Grover, & Thatcher, Citation 2014 ), and may affect the success and contribution of ICT on socioeconomic development. Prior research indicates that depending on age, people may experience various sentiments related to ICT acceptance, such as technology anxiety (Hardy & Castonguay, Citation 2018 ), perceptions of risks and impediments (Soja, Citation 2017 ; Soja & Soja, Citation 2017 ), and lack of confidence in computer knowledge (Marquié, Jourdan-Boddaert, & Huet, Citation 2002 ). The need for more research into the role of age in the process of ICT acceptance is also expressed in papers in the current special issue. In particular, Kowal et al. suggest the need to research the impact of age on organizational citizenship behavior, and Stal and Paliwoda-Pękosz point out the necessity of researching the role of age in designing and delivering ICT-based educational programs.

We strongly believe that future investigation into the role of ICT in development must be framed within a multiple stakeholder perspective. In this regard, as suggested by Jacobs et al. in their paper in this special issue, understanding of information systems success and evaluating the impact of ICT systems should be done in a wider context, through engagement with all stakeholders. The authors also interestingly suggest avoiding the dominating role of ICT specialists. Kowal et al. in their paper in this special issue, while also touching upon multiple stakeholder perspective, emphasize the need for investigation of multicultural considerations.

Another important direction for further research is the alignment of the ICT adoption process with a country's level of development. Two papers in our special issue illustrate this research need both in settings where adoption is voluntary and where it is mandated by an employer or by law. With respect to the former, Mengesha and Garfield indicate the need for further work on acceptance of telemedicine, with the purpose of strengthening their proposed model with better explanatory and predictive power. As regards ICT acceptance in a mandatory business setting, a particularly interesting research issue is revealed in the paper by Lech, related to aligning an approach to project management and governance with a country's special characteristics.

In this introduction to the special issue on the role of ICT in socioeconomic development, we provide a conceptual multi-dimensional framework that considers four dimensions that impact socioeconomic development: policy, business, technology, and society. This framework builds on several earlier frameworks but it is more general in context and focus, considering all ICT, rather than specific types of ICT, and applying to all economies and regions, rather than only less developed economies. We assert that development takes place in both underdeveloped economies, as well as in highly developed economies, and while the effects of specific factors may vary in the strength and focus of their impact, the general concepts and relationships in our framework still apply.

We also relate the papers in this special issue to our framework, and we encourage future researchers to consider our framework, as well as perhaps one or more of the other, more specialized frameworks, in structuring their studies. Thus we are confident that our framework will serve as an aide to future researchers in directing and focusing their work, dealing with technology for socioeconomic development. To that intent, we provide suggestions for several future research directions that appear to have major gaps and require more examination. Those include, among other things, investigating the role of international organizations and large corporations, addressing challenges of population ageing, and aligning the ICT adoption process with a country's level of development.

Acknowledgments

This research has been financed in part by the funds granted to the Faculty of Management, Cracow University of Economics, Krakow, Poland, within the subsidy for maintaining research potential. We would like to thank James B. Pick and Doug Vogel for their valuable comments on a preliminary version of this editorial. We would also like to thank Sajda Qureshi, ITD Editor-in-Chief, for her guidance throughout the process and making this special issue possible.

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Narcyz Roztocki is a professor in the School of Business at the State University of New York at New Paltz, USA and professor in the Department of Accounting at Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland. His research interests include IS/IT investment evaluation, IS/IT productivity, IS/IT investments in transition/emerging economies, technology project management, and e-commerce. He has published in numerous journals including European Journal of Information Systems, Journal of Strategic Information System, Journal of Computer Information Systems, Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, Journal of Global Information Technology Management , and in proceedings of AMCIS, DSI, ECIS, ECITE, and HICSS, among many others. He is a senior editor of the journal Information Technology for Development and of the journal Information Systems Management .

Piotr Soja is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at the Cracow University of Economics (CUE), Poland. He holds a postdoctoral degree (habilitation) and PhD in economics from CUE. He also holds an MBA from the School of Entrepreneurship and Management at CUE in association with the University of Teeside, UK. He has experience in industry as an ERP consultant, system analyst and software developer. His research interests include enterprise systems, ICT for development, and ICT for active and healthy aging. Piotr has published in Enterprise Information Systems, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Information Systems Management, and Information Technology for Development , among many other journals, as well as in numerous conference proceedings such as AMCIS, HICSS, ICEIS, and ISD. He is currently member of the Editorial Board of AIS Transactions on Enterprise Systems, Frontiers in Blockchain, Information Technology for Development and Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems . He has acted as Program/Organizational Committee member in numerous international conferences, including AMCIS, ECIME, EMCIS, EuroSymposium, and ICTM. Currently, Piotr serves as president elect of the Polish Chapter of AIS (PLAIS).

Heinz Roland Weistroffer is a professor of Information Systems in the School of Business at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia, USA. His research interests include information technology for development, systems analysis and design, and computer-assisted decision-making. He has published in Journal of Strategic Information Systems, Information Technology for Development, Decision Support Systems, Information Systems Frontiers, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, and European Journal of Operational Research among many other journals, as well as in numerous conference proceedings such as AMCIS, HICCS, and ECIS. He is an associate editor of the journal Information Technology for Development , book review editor of the Journal of Information System Security, and a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Economics and Management .

Narcyz Roztocki http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-9429

Piotr Soja http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7274-3327

Heinz Roland Weistroffer http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3745-5143

* Sajda Qureshi is the accepting Editor-in-Chief for this article.

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Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Essay

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Benefits of AI, IoT, and Information Technology in Industry and Decision-Making

Risks associated with the widespread use of ai, iot, and information technology, ethical concerns associated with advances in ai and information technology, conclusions.

Many modern researchers, scientists, and anthropologists dub the 21st century as the age of information technology. The latest advances in electronics, cybernetics, and the Internet enabled a world of information at the user’s fingertips. The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Virtual Reality (VR) furthers the potential for integration between humans and machines (Lombardo, n.d.). At the same time, computer sciences have benefitted from these advances as well, creating machines that can assist or even replace humans in many aspects of their labor. Although human intelligence is still necessary to perform complex tasks that involve abstract tasks, intuition, social skills, and decision-making, Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows much potential for improvement.

The future promises greater integration between human minds and artificial enhancements, which would allow to analyze and process information at much greater speeds. At the same time, greater artificial intelligence provides opportunities for businesses, homeowners, hospitals, and the military (Frankish & Ramsey, 2014). However, these advances also come with inherent risks related to the nature of AI and information technology. The purpose of this paper is to explore the benefits, risks, and ethical concerns of developing intelligent machines and robots.

As it was already proven by the realities of modern businesses, the speed of information processing and analysis is very important in decision-making. The business landscape is changing quickly, meaning that managers require as much information as possible in order to make correct decisions (Lee & Lee, 2015). There are two limitations to this idea, however. The first limitation is the speed of information transfer, which, thanks to the advances in information technology, is becoming faster and faster. The second limitation, however, is more fundamental – human brain can only process so much information at the same time. Advances in information technology and the AI would have to remove the biological barriers of the machine-human interface. It is possible that, in the future, machines would be able to read the information from our minds directly, and for AI to undertake some of the menial decision-making functions, which would further enhance the fluidity and responsiveness of management systems and production processes (Russell & Norvig, 2016).

Globalized economy and information technology are built around the concepts of erased borders, ease of access to information, and intractability of systems. These trends are likely to become even more dominant in the future. However, information technology and AI possess several inherent risks to themselves. The greatest risk revolves around the concept of security. Even this early into the 21st century, information technology has already proven to be a major challenge for the global security.

Some of the examples of risks associated with technology include malfunctions and hacking attempts, which could have a massive impact on enterprises and economies. The most recent examples include viral attacks on various industries and banks using malware programs like Petya and WannaCry. The alleged hacking attempt of the Democratic Party’s private emails during the US presidential campaign of 2016 is another famous example. The expansion of information technology networks and further integration between humans and machines could open new venues for hackers and greatly expand their influence and potential for damage. Another risk related to AI and information technology involves the level of confidence in capabilities of artificial intelligence in making accurate decisions in complex situations (Frankish & Ramsey, 2014). Humanity is still a long way away from teaching AI how to act in environments where intuition and the capability to make decisions based on insufficient information are required.

There are many ethical concerns revolving around advances in AI and information technology. They differ one from another based on the issues and moral backgrounds behind them. This paper will cover some of the most prevalent ones. Based on the body of information available in open access, some of the most pressing identifiable ethical concerns are as follows (Frankish & Ramsey, 2014):

• Privacy concerns regarding information technology and the IoT.
• Ethical concerns regarding machines replacing humans at work, generating potential job crises and poverty.
• Ethical concerns regarding the exploitation of sentient machines.
• Concerns regarding sentient machines being capable of understanding and utilizing human ethics in their work.

Privacy concerns are some of the greatest obstacles for IoT and the idea of interconnectedness of items and appliances. There are risks of personal customer data being used for unsavory and unethical purposes (Lee & Lee, 2015). Some of the latest examples involve unethical and unauthorized data collection by social media, search engines, and governmental agencies with the purpose of using that information for commercial, criminal, and political reasons (Lombardo, n.d.).

The idea of mechanization and automation causing civil unrest is not new. During the industrial revolution of the 19th century, the introduction of engines and production plants resulted in thousands of workers and craftsmen ending up without jobs. 1 Advancements in IT and AI have the potential of further decreasing the number of jobs available to humans, with disastrous social results (Frankish & Ramsey, 2014). The ethical dilemma would be in choosing between social stability and progress.

The third ethical issue revolves around exploitation of sentient machines. Sentience is defined by three criteria: Intelligence, self-awareness, and consciousness. 2 As AI is taken into the direction of neural networks, it is possible for AI to achieve all three criteria necessary for sentience (Russell & Norvig, 2016). Such an occasion would invariably raise ethical questions of machines having rights and the humanity effectively exploiting what would be called a new sentient species.

The last issue revolves around the limitations of machines to understand and correctly implement human ethics in decision-making processes. As it is impossible to predict and program answers for all morally ambiguous situations that advanced AI would encounter in the course of its duties, there is a necessity for an ethical framework for them (Frankish & Ramsey, 2014). However, making an ethical decision requires not only the capability for data analysis interpretation but also a degree of empathy, which is unlikely for a machine to possess. This begets the question about how much authority and responsibility could be delegated to an AI.

Advancements in IT and AI have the potential of greatly improving the lives of every human being on the planet by offering greater and faster access to information, enhanced processing power, and delegation of tasks to intelligent machines and computers. However, these advances invariantly raise questions regarding personal safety and data security. In addition, there are numerous ethical dilemmas revolving around making AI too intelligent and human-like. Finding answers to these questions promises to be as much of a challenge as advancing IT and AI beyond their current limitations.

Frankish, K., & Ramsey, W. M. (Eds.). (2014). The Cambridge handbook of artificial intelligence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Lee, I., & Lee, K. (2015). The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises. Business Horizons, 58 (4), 431-440.

Lombardo, T. (n.d.). Information technology and artificial intelligence. Web.

Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: A modern approach. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Pearson.

• This sentence refers to the events that led to the rise of Luddites – a radical group of textile workers that destroyed machinery that replaced their roles in the industry.
• Although certain criteria differ from one research to another, it has been a general conception that capacity for emotion is not a core criteria for sentience.
• The Problem of Artificial Intelligence
• Evie.ai Company in Artificial Intelligence Market
• Artificial Intelligence and Frankenstein's Monster
• Internet of Things and Its Level of Implementation
• Researching the Internet of Things (IoT)
• Artificial Intelligence and Related Social Threats
• Artificial Intelligence Managing Human Life
• Driverless Cars and Safety Concerns
• What Progress Has Been Made With Artificial Intelligence?
• Rise of the Machines
• Chicago (A-D)
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Essays on Information Technology

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For some people, information technology is something much like rocket science. Yet, everything's not so complicated, as IT is all around us. The explosive development of this industry in the 21st century resulted in IT becoming the engine for the economic growth of some countries. Moreover, our age marks the changes in the labor market – more and more employees are involved in hardware and software production, in telecom and e-commerce. According to scientists' forecasts, approximately 20% of professions in the future will disappear due to the development of technology, making people drift to IT-related fields. Realizing the importance of following the trend, today more students commit their future to IT and choose relevant education programs.

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Home — Essay Samples — Information Science and Technology — Technology in Education — The Role of Technology in Education

The Role of Technology in Education

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• DOI: 10.19044/esj.2024.v20n13p167
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The Impact of Information Technology Adoption on Efficiency and Transparency in Public Procurement Processes in Kenya

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The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field. Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the areas of Blockchain, Cybersecurity and Internet of Things. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following Paper Submission Authors are invited to submit papers through the conference Submission System by September 21, 2024 . Submissions must be original and should not have been published previously or be under consideration for publication while being evaluated for this conference. The proceedings of the conference will be published by International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI) (Confirmed). Selected papers from CCSITA 2024 , after further revisions, w ill be published in the special issue of the following journals. 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Yet, everything's not so complicated, as IT is all around us. The explosive development of this industry in the 21st century resulted in IT becoming the engine for the economic growth of some countries. Information Technology Essay Information Technology Essay. Information technology is a rapidly growing part of today's society. It affects everyone's life in many aspects. Every human endeavor is influenced by information technology and the increasing rate at which what it can perform includes. One area of human endeavor that information technology has greatly influenced ... The Role of Technology in Education: [Essay Example], 689 words This essay examines the advantages and disadvantages of integrating technology into education, such as enhanced learning experiences, access to information, and collaboration. It also addresses concerns such as screen time, distraction, and the digital divide. 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