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The Benefits of Field Trips: Why They Are Important for Education

By Happy Sharer

Introduction

Field trips have been a staple of education for centuries. From school trips to museums, historical sites, and outdoor activities, field trips offer students an opportunity to learn in a unique and engaging environment outside of the traditional classroom. Field trips can provide students with invaluable experiences that promote learning, encourage exploration, and inspire creativity. In this article, we will explore why field trips are important and how they can help solve the problem of student engagement.

Examining the Educational Benefits of Field Trips

Field trips offer a number of educational benefits that cannot be replicated in a classroom setting. By participating in field trips, students gain hands-on experience, introduce new ideas and perspectives, and enhance their learning through exploration.

Gaining Hands-on Experience

One of the most important benefits of field trips is that they provide students with hands-on experience. By visiting museums, historical sites, and other places of interest, students are able to interact with and explore objects and artifacts that may not be available in their classroom. Through these interactions, students can develop a deeper understanding of the material they are studying and gain a greater appreciation for the topic.

Introducing New Ideas and Perspectives

Another benefit of field trips is that they allow students to be exposed to new ideas and perspectives. By visiting different locations, students can observe the world around them in a way that is not possible in the classroom. This exposure to new environments and cultures can help students better understand the topics they are studying and gain a broader perspective on the world.

Enhancing Learning Through Exploration

Finally, field trips provide students with an opportunity to explore and discover new information. By engaging in activities such as scavenger hunts and interactive exhibits, students can engage in active learning and gain a deeper understanding of the material. This type of exploration encourages critical thinking and creative problem-solving, which can help students become more successful learners.

Exploring the Impact of Field Trips on Student Engagement

In addition to providing educational benefits, field trips can also help improve student engagement. By participating in field trips, students can develop motivation, enthusiasm, and a sense of confidence and self-esteem.

Improving Motivation and Enthusiasm

Field trips can help improve student motivation and enthusiasm by providing an engaging and stimulating learning environment. By participating in activities that are both fun and educational, students can become more engaged in their learning and be more likely to take an active role in the classroom.

Developing Social Skills

Field trips can also help students develop social skills. By interacting with their peers in a new environment, students can learn how to communicate and collaborate more effectively. This type of interaction can help students build relationships with their classmates, which can lead to increased engagement in the classroom.

Increasing Confidence and Self-Esteem

Finally, field trips can help increase student confidence and self-esteem. By participating in activities outside of the classroom, students can learn new skills, explore new ideas, and be exposed to new experiences. This type of learning can help students feel more confident in their abilities and be more willing to take risks in the classroom.

Experiencing History Firsthand Through Field Trips

Field trips can also provide students with the opportunity to experience history firsthand. By visiting historical sites and monuments, students can connect classroom lessons to real-world applications and gain a better understanding of historical events.

Connecting Classroom Lessons to Real-World Applications

By visiting historical sites, museums, and monuments, students can learn about the past in a more meaningful way. By seeing the artifacts and hearing firsthand accounts from experts, students can gain a better understanding of the events that shaped the world. This type of learning can help students make connections between what they are learning in the classroom and the real world.

Encouraging Students to Be Curious and Ask Questions

Field trips can also encourage students to be curious and ask questions. By exploring new environments and interacting with experts, students can gain a better understanding of the topics they are studying and be more likely to ask questions and seek out additional information. This type of curiosity can help students become more engaged in their learning and be more likely to take an active role in the classroom.

Understanding Historical Events in a More Meaningful Way

Finally, field trips can help students gain a deeper understanding of historical events. By visiting the places where these events took place, students can gain a better understanding of the people, places, and events that shaped the course of history. This type of learning can help students appreciate the importance of history and gain a greater understanding of the world around them.

Connecting Classroom Learning to Real-World Applications with Field Trips

Field trips can also help bridge the gap between classroom learning and real-world applications. By participating in field trips, students can apply theoretical knowledge to real-life situations, develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills, and build on existing knowledge and explore new topics.

Applying Theoretical Knowledge to Real-Life Situations

By participating in field trips, students can apply the theoretical knowledge they are learning in the classroom to real-life situations. By exploring different environments and interacting with experts, students can gain a better understanding of the topics they are studying and how they can be applied in the real world. This type of learning can help students become better problem-solvers and more effective communicators.

Developing Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking Skills

Field trips can also help students develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills. By engaging in activities such as scavenger hunts and interactive exhibits, students can practice critical thinking and develop strategies for solving complex problems. This type of learning can help students become more successful learners and be better prepared for the challenges of the real world.

Building on Existing Knowledge and Exploring New Topics

Finally, field trips can help students build on existing knowledge and explore new topics. By visiting different locations and engaging in activities, students can gain a deeper understanding of the material they are studying and be exposed to new ideas and perspectives. This type of exploration can help students become more informed citizens and better equipped to handle the challenges of the world.

Cultivating Curiosity and Encouraging Exploration through Field Trips

Field trips can also help cultivate curiosity and encourage exploration. By participating in field trips, students can explore their interests, create opportunities for collaboration and teamwork, and be encouraged to think creatively and innovatively.

Allowing Students to Explore Their Interests

Field trips can provide students with the opportunity to explore their interests. By visiting different locations, students can gain a better understanding of the topics they are studying and be exposed to new ideas and perspectives. This type of exploration can help students become more informed citizens and better equipped to handle the challenges of the world.

Creating Opportunities for Collaboration and Teamwork

Field trips can also create opportunities for collaboration and teamwork. By participating in activities together, students can develop communication and collaboration skills that can help them in the classroom and beyond. This type of interaction can help students build relationships with their classmates, which can lead to increased engagement in the classroom.

Encouraging Creativity and Innovation

Finally, field trips can encourage creativity and innovation. By exploring new environments and interacting with experts, students can gain a better understanding of the topics they are studying and be inspired to think critically and creatively. This type of learning can help students become more successful learners and be better prepared for the challenges of the real world.

Understanding the Role of Field Trips in Social Development

In addition to providing educational benefits, field trips can also play an important role in social development. By participating in field trips, students can develop social awareness and empathy, strengthen communication and collaboration skills, and promote respect for diversity and cultural differences.

Developing Social Awareness and Empathy

Field trips can help students develop social awareness and empathy. By visiting different locations and interacting with peers and experts, students can gain a better understanding of the world around them and learn to appreciate the perspectives of others. This type of learning can help students become more empathetic and understanding citizens.

Strengthening Communication and Collaboration Skills

Field trips can also help students strengthen their communication and collaboration skills. By participating in activities together, students can learn how to work together more effectively and develop the skills needed to succeed in the classroom and beyond. This type of interaction can help students build relationships with their classmates, which can lead to increased engagement in the classroom.

Promoting Respect for Diversity and Cultural Differences

Finally, field trips can help promote respect for diversity and cultural differences. By visiting different locations and interacting with peers and experts, students can gain a better understanding of the world around them and learn to appreciate the perspectives of others. This type of learning can help students become more accepting of cultural differences and promote understanding and respect among their peers.

Field trips are an important part of education, offering students hands-on experience, introducing new perspectives, and improving student engagement. Field trips can also help students gain a better understanding of the topics they are studying, develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills, and cultivate curiosity and exploration. Finally, field trips can help students develop social awareness and empathy, strengthen communication and collaboration skills, and promote respect for diversity and cultural differences. For all these reasons, it is essential that field trips remain a priority in education.

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Hi, I'm Happy Sharer and I love sharing interesting and useful knowledge with others. I have a passion for learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a simple way.

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• The Journal
• Vol. 14, No. 1

The Educational Value of Field Trips

Jay P. Greene

Brian Kisida

Daniel H. Bowen

Jay P. Greene joined EdNext Editor-in-chief Marty West to discuss the benefits of field trips, including how seeing live theater is a more enriching experience to students, on the EdNext podcast .

Crystal Bridges; Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art; School Tour © 2013 Stephen Ironside/Ironside Photography Bo Bartlett – “The Box” –  2002 • Oil on Linen • 82 x 100 – Photographer is Karen Mauch

The school field trip has a long history in American public education. For decades, students have piled into yellow buses to visit a variety of cultural institutions, including art, natural history, and science museums, as well as theaters, zoos, and historical sites. Schools gladly endured the expense and disruption of providing field trips because they saw these experiences as central to their educational mission: schools exist not only to provide economically useful skills in numeracy and literacy, but also to produce civilized young men and women who would appreciate the arts and culture. More-advantaged families may take their children to these cultural institutions outside of school hours, but less-advantaged students are less likely to have these experiences if schools do not provide them. With field trips, public schools viewed themselves as the great equalizer in terms of access to our cultural heritage.

Today, culturally enriching field trips are in decline. Museums across the country report a steep drop in school tours. For example, the Field Museum in Chicago at one time welcomed more than 300,000 students every year. Recently the number is below 200,000. Between 2002 and 2007, Cincinnati arts organizations saw a 30 percent decrease in student attendance. A survey by the American Association of School Administrators found that more than half of schools eliminated planned field trips in 2010–11.

The decision to reduce culturally enriching field trips reflects a variety of factors. Financial pressures force schools to make difficult decisions about how to allocate scarce resources, and field trips are increasingly seen as an unnecessary frill. Greater focus on raising student performance on math and reading standardized tests may also lead schools to cut field trips. Some schools believe that student time would be better spent in the classroom preparing for the exams. When schools do organize field trips, they are increasingly choosing to take students on trips to reward them for working hard to improve their test scores rather than to provide cultural enrichment. Schools take students to amusement parks, sporting events, and movie theaters instead of to museums and historical sites. This shift from “enrichment” to “reward” field trips is reflected in a generational change among teachers about the purposes of these outings. In a 2012‒13 survey we conducted of nearly 500 Arkansas teachers, those who had been teaching for at least 15 years were significantly more likely to believe that the primary purpose of a field trip is to provide a learning opportunity, while more junior teachers were more likely to see the primary purpose as “enjoyment.”

If schools are de-emphasizing culturally enriching field trips, has anything been lost as a result? Surprisingly, we have relatively little rigorous evidence about how field trips affect students. The research presented here is the first large-scale randomized-control trial designed to measure what students learn from school tours of an art museum.

We find that students learn quite a lot. In particular, enriching field trips contribute to the development of students into civilized young men and women who possess more knowledge about art, have stronger critical-thinking skills, exhibit increased historical empathy, display higher levels of tolerance, and have a greater taste for consuming art and culture.

Design of the Study and School Tours

The 2011 opening of the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Northwest Arkansas created the opportunity for this study. Crystal Bridges is the first major art museum to be built in the United States in the last four decades, with more than 50,000 square feet of gallery space and an endowment in excess of $800 million. Portions of the museum’s endowment are devoted to covering all of the expenses associated with school tours. Crystal Bridges reimburses schools for the cost of buses, provides free admission and lunch, and even pays for the cost of substitute teachers to cover for teachers who accompany students on the tour.

Because the tour is completely free to schools, and because Crystal Bridges was built in an area that never previously had an art museum, there was high demand for school tours. Not all school groups could be accommodated right away. So our research team worked with the staff at Crystal Bridges to assign spots for school tours by lottery. During the first two semesters of the school tour program, the museum received 525 applications from school groups representing 38,347 students in kindergarten through grade 12. We created matched pairs among the applicant groups based on similarity in grade level and other demographic factors. An ideal and common matched pair would be adjacent grades in the same school. We then randomly ordered the matched pairs to determine scheduling prioritization. Within each pair, we randomly assigned which applicant would be in the treatment group and receive a tour that semester and which would be in the control group and have its tour deferred.

We administered surveys to 10,912 students and 489 teachers at 123 different schools three weeks, on average, after the treatment group received its tour. The student surveys included multiple items assessing knowledge about art as well as measures of critical thinking, historical empathy, tolerance, and sustained interest in visiting art museums. Some groups were surveyed as late as eight weeks after the tour, but it was not possible to collect data after longer periods because each control group was guaranteed a tour during the following semester as a reward for its cooperation. There is no indication that the results reported below faded for groups surveyed after longer periods.

We also assessed students’ critical-thinking skills by asking them to write a short essay in response to a painting that they had not previously seen. Finally, we collected a behavioral measure of interest in art consumption by providing all students with a coded coupon good for free family admission to a special exhibit at the museum to see whether the field trip increased the likelihood of students making future visits.

All results reported below are derived from regression models that control for student grade level and gender and make comparisons within each matched pair, while taking into account the fact that students in the matched pair of applicant groups are likely to be similar in ways that we are unable to observe. Standard validity tests confirmed that the survey items employed to generate the various scales used as outcomes measured the same underlying constructs.

The intervention we studied is a modest one. Students received a one-hour tour of the museum in which they typically viewed and discussed five paintings. Some students were free to roam the museum following their formal tour, but the entire experience usually involved less than half a day. Instructional materials were sent to teachers who went on a tour, but our survey of teachers suggests that these materials received relatively little attention, on average no more than an hour of total class time. The discussion of each painting during the tour was largely student-directed, with the museum educators facilitating the discourse and providing commentary beyond the names of the work and the artist and a brief description only when students requested it. This format is now the norm in school tours of art museums. The aversion to having museum educators provide information about works of art is motivated in part by progressive education theories and by a conviction among many in museum education that students retain very little factual information from their tours.

Recalling Tour Details. Our research suggests that students actually retain a great deal of factual information from their tours. Students who received a tour of the museum were able to recall details about the paintings they had seen at very high rates. For example, 88 percent of the students who saw the Eastman Johnson painting At the Camp—Spinning Yarns and Whittling knew when surveyed weeks later that the painting depicts abolitionists making maple syrup to undermine the sugar industry, which relied on slave labor. Similarly, 82 percent of those who saw Norman Rockwell’s Rosie the Riveter could recall that the painting emphasizes the importance of women entering the workforce during World War II. Among students who saw Thomas Hart Benton’s Ploughing It Under , 79 percent recollected that it is a depiction of a farmer destroying his crops as part of a Depression-era price support program. And 70 percent of the students who saw Romare Bearden’s Sacrifice could remember that it is part of the Harlem Renaissance art movement. Since there was no guarantee that these facts would be raised in student-directed discussions, and because students had no particular reason for remembering these details (there was no test or grade associated with the tours), it is impressive that they could recall historical and sociological information at such high rates.

These results suggest that art could be an important tool for effectively conveying traditional academic content, but this analysis cannot prove it. The control-group performance was hardly better than chance in identifying factual information about these paintings, but they never had the opportunity to learn the material. The high rate of recall of factual information by students who toured the museum demonstrates that the tours made an impression. The students could remember important details about what they saw and discussed.

Critical Thinking. Beyond recalling the details of their tour, did a visit to an art museum have a significant effect on students? Our study demonstrates that it did. For example, students randomly assigned to receive a school tour of Crystal Bridges later displayed demonstrably stronger ability to think critically about art than the control group.

During the first semester of the study, we showed all 3rd- through 12th-grade students a painting they had not previously seen, Bo Bartlett’s The Box . We then asked students to write short essays in response to two questions: What do you think is going on in this painting? And, what do you see that makes you think that? These are standard prompts used by museum educators to spark discussion during school tours.

We stripped the essays of all identifying information and had two coders rate the compositions using a seven-item rubric for measuring critical thinking that was developed by researchers at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. The measure is based on the number of instances that students engaged in the following in their essays: observing, interpreting, evaluating, associating, problem finding, comparing, and flexible thinking. Our measure of critical thinking is the sum of the counts of these seven items. In total, our research team blindly scored 3,811 essays. For 750 of those essays, two researchers scored them independently. The scores they assigned to the same essay were very similar, demonstrating that we were able to measure critical thinking about art with a high degree of inter-coder reliability.

We express the impact of a school tour of Crystal Bridges on critical-thinking skills in terms of standard-deviation effect sizes. Overall, we find that students assigned by lottery to a tour of the museum improve their ability to think critically about art by 9 percent of a standard deviation relative to the control group. The benefit for disadvantaged groups is considerably larger (see Figure 1). Rural students, who live in towns with fewer than 10,000 people, experience an increase in critical-thinking skills of nearly one-third of a standard deviation. Students from high-poverty schools (those where more than 50 percent of students receive free or reduced-price lunches) experience an 18 percent effect-size improvement in critical thinking about art, as do minority students.

A large amount of the gain in critical-thinking skills stems from an increase in the number of observations that students made in their essays. Students who went on a tour became more observant, noticing and describing more details in an image. Being observant and paying attention to detail is an important and highly useful skill that students learn when they study and discuss works of art. Additional research is required to determine if the gains in critical thinking when analyzing a work of art would transfer into improved critical thinking about other, non-art-related subjects.

Historical Empathy. Tours of art museums also affect students’ values. Visiting an art museum exposes students to a diversity of ideas, peoples, places, and time periods. That broadening experience imparts greater appreciation and understanding. We see the effects in significantly higher historical empathy and tolerance measures among students randomly assigned to a school tour of Crystal Bridges.

Historical empathy is the ability to understand and appreciate what life was like for people who lived in a different time and place. This is a central purpose of teaching history, as it provides students with a clearer perspective about their own time and place. To measure historical empathy, we included three statements on the survey with which students could express their level of agreement or disagreement: 1) I have a good understanding of how early Americans thought and felt; 2) I can imagine what life was like for people 100 years ago; and 3) When looking at a painting that shows people, I try to imagine what those people are thinking. We combined these items into a scale measuring historical empathy.

Students who went on a tour of Crystal Bridges experience a 6 percent of a standard deviation increase in historical empathy. Among rural students, the benefit is much larger, a 15 percent of a standard deviation gain. We can illustrate this benefit by focusing on one of the items in the historical empathy scale. When asked to agree or disagree with the statement, “I have a good understanding of how early Americans thought and felt,” 70 percent of the treatment-group students express agreement compared to 66 percent of the control group. Among rural participants, 69 percent of the treatment-group students agree with this statement compared to 62 percent of the control group. The fact that Crystal Bridges features art from different periods in American history may have helped produce these gains in historical empathy.

Tolerance. To measure tolerance we included four statements on the survey to which students could express their level of agreement or disagreement: 1) People who disagree with my point of view bother me; 2) Artists whose work is critical of America should not be allowed to have their work shown in art museums; 3) I appreciate hearing views different from my own; and 4) I think people can have different opinions about the same thing. We combined these items into a scale measuring the general effect of the tour on tolerance.

Overall, receiving a school tour of an art museum increases student tolerance by 7 percent of a standard deviation. As with critical thinking, the benefits are much larger for students in disadvantaged groups. Rural students who visited Crystal Bridges experience a 13 percent of a standard deviation improvement in tolerance. For students at high-poverty schools, the benefit is 9 percent of a standard deviation.

The improvement in tolerance for students who went on a tour of Crystal Bridges can be illustrated by the responses to one of the items within the tolerance scale. When asked about the statement, “Artists whose work is critical of America should not be allowed to have their work shown in art museums,” 35 percent of the control-group students express agreement. But for students randomly assigned to receive a school tour of the art museum, only 32 percent agree with censoring art critical of America. Among rural students, 34 percent of the control group would censor art compared to 30 percent for the treatment group. In high-poverty schools, 37 percent of the control-group students would censor compared to 32 percent of the treatment-group students. These differences are not huge, but neither is the intervention. These changes represent the realistic improvement in tolerance that results from a half-day experience at an art museum.

Interest in Art Museums. Perhaps the most important outcome of a school tour is whether it cultivates an interest among students in returning to cultural institutions in the future. If visiting a museum helps improve critical thinking, historical empathy, tolerance, and other outcomes not measured in this study, then those benefits would compound for students if they were more likely to frequent similar cultural institutions throughout their life. The direct effects of a single visit are necessarily modest and may not persist, but if school tours help students become regular museum visitors, they may enjoy a lifetime of enhanced critical thinking, tolerance, and historical empathy.

We measured how school tours of Crystal Bridges develop in students an interest in visiting art museums in two ways: with survey items and a behavioral measure. We included a series of items in the survey designed to gauge student interest:

• I plan to visit art museums when I am an adult.

• I would tell my friends they should visit an art museum.

• Trips to art museums are interesting.

• Trips to art museums are fun.

• Would your friend like to go to an art museum on a field trip?

• Would you like more museums in your community?

• How interested are you in visiting art museums?

• If your friends or family wanted to go to an art museum, how interested would you be in going?

Interest in visiting art museums among students who toured the museum is 8 percent of a standard deviation higher than that in the randomized control group. Among rural students, the increase is much larger: 22 percent of a standard deviation. Students at high-poverty schools score 11 percent of a standard deviation higher on the cultural consumer scale if they were randomly assigned to tour the museum. And minority students gain 10 percent of a standard deviation in their desire to be art consumers.

One of the eight items in the art consumer scale asked students to express the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with the statement, “I would tell my friends they should visit an art museum.” For all students who received a tour, 70 percent agree with this statement, compared to 66 percent in the control group. Among rural participants, 73 percent of the treatment-group students agree versus 63 percent of the control group. In high-poverty schools, 74 percent would recommend art museums to their friends compared to 68 percent of the control group. And among minority students, 72 percent of those who received a tour would tell their friends to visit an art museum, relative to 67 percent of the control group. Students, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds, are more likely to have positive feelings about visiting museums if they receive a school tour.

We also measured whether students are more likely to visit Crystal Bridges in the future if they received a school tour. All students who participated in the study during the first semester, including those who did not receive a tour, were provided with a coupon that gave them and their families free entry to a special exhibit at Crystal Bridges. The coupons were coded so that we could determine the applicant group to which students belonged. Students had as long as six months after receipt of the coupon to use it.

We collected all redeemed coupons and were able to calculate how many adults and youths were admitted. Though students in the treatment group received 49 percent of all coupons that were distributed, 58 percent of the people admitted to the special exhibit with those coupons came from the treatment group. In other words, the families of students who received a tour were 18 percent more likely to return to the museum than we would expect if their rate of coupon use was the same as their share of distributed coupons.

This is particularly impressive given that the treatment-group students had recently visited the museum. Their desire to visit a museum might have been satiated, while the control group might have been curious to visit Crystal Bridges for the first time. Despite having recently been to the museum, students who received a school tour came back at higher rates. Receiving a school tour cultivates a taste for visiting art museums, and perhaps for sharing the experience with others.

Disadvantaged Students

One consistent pattern in our results is that the benefits of a school tour are generally much larger for students from less-advantaged backgrounds. Students from rural areas and high-poverty schools, as well as minority students, typically show gains that are two to three times larger than those of the total sample. Disadvantaged students assigned by lottery to receive a school tour of an art museum make exceptionally large gains in critical thinking, historical empathy, tolerance, and becoming art consumers.

It appears that the less prior exposure to culturally enriching experiences students have, the larger the benefit of receiving a school tour of a museum. We have some direct measures to support this explanation. To isolate the effect of the first time visiting the museum, we truncated our sample to include only control-group students who had never visited Crystal Bridges and treatment-group students who had visited for the first time during their tour. The effect for this first visit is roughly twice as large as that for the overall sample, just as it is for disadvantaged students.

In addition, we administered a different version of our survey to students in kindergarten through 2nd grade. Very young students are less likely to have had previous exposure to culturally enriching experiences. Very young students make exceptionally large improvements in the observed outcomes, just like disadvantaged students and first-time visitors.

When we examine effects for subgroups of advantaged students, we typically find much smaller or null effects. Students from large towns and low-poverty schools experience few significant gains from their school tour of an art museum. If schools do not provide culturally enriching experiences for these students, their families are likely to have the inclination and ability to provide those experiences on their own. But the families of disadvantaged students are less likely to substitute their own efforts when schools do not offer culturally enriching experiences. Disadvantaged students need their schools to take them on enriching field trips if they are likely to have these experiences at all.

Policy Implications

School field trips to cultural institutions have notable benefits. Students randomly assigned to receive a school tour of an art museum experience improvements in their knowledge of and ability to think critically about art, display stronger historical empathy, develop higher tolerance, and are more likely to visit such cultural institutions as art museums in the future. If schools cut field trips or switch to “reward” trips that visit less-enriching destinations, then these important educational opportunities are lost. It is particularly important that schools serving disadvantaged students provide culturally enriching field trip experiences.

This first-ever, large-scale, random-assignment experiment of the effects of school tours of an art museum should help inform the thinking of school administrators, educators, policymakers, and philanthropists. Policymakers should consider these results when deciding whether schools have sufficient resources and appropriate policy guidance to take their students on tours of cultural institutions. School administrators should give thought to these results when deciding whether to use their resources and time for these tours. And philanthropists should weigh these results when deciding whether to build and maintain these cultural institutions with quality educational programs. We don’t just want our children to acquire work skills from their education; we also want them to develop into civilized people who appreciate the breadth of human accomplishments. The school field trip is an important tool for meeting this goal.

Jay P. Greene is professor of education reform at the University of Arkansas, where Brian Kisida is a senior research associate and Daniel H. Bowen is a doctoral student.

Additional materials, including a supplemental study and a methodological appendix , are available.

For more, please see “ The Top 20 Education Next Articles of 2023 .”

This article appeared in the Winter 2014 issue of Education Next . Suggested citation format:

Greene, J.P., Kisida, B., and Bowen, D.H. (2014). The Educational Value of Field Trips: Taking students to an art museum improves critical thinking skills, and more . Education Next , 14(1), 78-86.

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Summer 2024.

Vol. 24, No. 3

• Our Mission

Yes, Field Trips Are Worth the Effort

Culturally enriching trips can boost grades and decrease absences and behavioral infractions, new research reveals. 

As a teacher, Elena Aguilar often looked for opportunities to get her students out of the classroom and into different neighborhoods or natural environments. “We did the usual museum trips and science center stuff, but I loved the trips which pushed them into unfamiliar territory,” writes Aguilar , an instructional coach and author. Nudging kids out of their comfort zones, she says, “taught them about others as well as themselves. It helped them see the expansiveness of our world and perhaps inspired them to think about what might be available to them out there.”

Aguilar’s thinking made an impact: 15 years after traveling with her third-grade class to Yosemite National Park, a student contacted Aguilar on Facebook to thank her for the life-changing excursion. “You changed our lives with that trip,” the student wrote. “It's what made me want to be a teacher, to be able to give that same gift to other kids.”

As schools grapple with pandemic-related concerns about balancing in-seat instructional time with non-essentials like trips, new research published in The Journal of Human Resources argues that field trips, and the vital educational experiences that they provide—whether it’s a visit to a local museum or a big commitment like Aguilar’s national park trip—deliver a host of positive social and academic outcomes and are worth the effort.

“The pandemic should not keep schools from providing these essential cultural experiences forever,” asserts Jay P. Greene , one of the study’s co-authors and a senior research fellow at the Heritage Foundation, in an opinion piece for the Daily News . “If schools make culturally-enriching field trips an integral part of the education experience, all students—especially those whose parents have a harder time accessing these experiences on their own—would benefit.”

In the study, researchers assigned more than 1,000 fourth- and fifth-grade students in Atlanta to two groups. One group participated in three to six “culturally-enriching” field trips—visits to an art museum, a live theater performance, and a symphony concert—while students in the control group stayed put in class. The outcome? Kids in the field trip group “scored higher on end-of-grade exams, received higher course grades, were absent less often, and had fewer behavioral infractions,” compared to students in the control group, according to a ScienceDaily brief . Benefits lasted two to three years, Greene writes, and were “most visible when students were in middle school.”

“We are able to demonstrate that a relatively simple intervention—and we consider it pretty low-touch; three field trips in a year, maybe six field trips in two years—can actually have some substantial impacts,” says lead study author Heidi Holmes Erickson in an interview with The 74 . “They’re not just limited to social benefits. It shows that smaller interventions can actually have some significant effects on academics as well.”

Field trips aren’t a threat to in-class instruction, Erickson notes, they’re a tool to help bolster engagement and expand students’ horizons. “It's possible to expose students to a broader world and have a culturally enriching curriculum without sacrificing academic outcomes, and it may actually improve academic outcomes,” Erickson says. Far from harming test scores, the researchers found that culturally rich excursions reinforce academics and “students who participated in these field trips were doing better in class.”

Meanwhile, class trips don't need to be elaborate productions to make an impact: small excursions outside the classroom—"low-touch," as the researchers call them—can pack a punch. Here’s how three educators recommend dialing it back with low-stakes options that are both engaging and stimulating for students, but might not require days to prepare and plan:

Make Them Bite-Sized : Instead of allocating an entire day to a field trip, educational consultant Laurel Schwartz takes her classes on micro field trips , or “short outings that can be completed in a single class period.” These real-world encounters, she says, are especially beneficial for English learners and world language students. A micro field trip to a nearby park or around school grounds, for example, can be a great opportunity to “enhance a unit on nature and wildlife while reinforcing vocabulary for senses, colors, and the concepts of quantity and size,” Schwartz writes. “Afterwards, students might write descriptive stories set in the place you visited using vocabulary collected and defined together by the class.”

Try Teacher-Less Trips : To encourage exploration and learning outside of the classroom, former social studies teacher Arch Grieve removes himself from the equation with teacher-less field trips rooted in students’ local communities. Grieve only suggests options that are directly tied to a unit being discussed in class—like attending a talk at a local university or visiting a museum or cultural festival—and offers extra credit to incentivize students. “These trips allow for a greater appreciation of my subject matter than is possible in the school setting, and perhaps best of all, there's little to no planning involved.”

Explore Virtual Options : It may not be as fun as visiting in person, but the Internet makes it possible to visit museums like The National Gallery of London and The Vatican Museums without leaving the school building. Middle school English teacher Laura Bradley likes to search the Museums for Digital Learning website by topic, keyword, and grade level, to find lessons and activities that meet her unique curricular needs. The site grants access to digitized museum collections, 3D models, audio files, documents, images, and videos. 

FIELD TRIPS AS A VALUABLE LEARNING EXPERIENCE FOR STUDENTS

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A Field Trip - Free Essay Examples and Topic Ideas

A field trip is an educational excursion outside of the classroom that allows students to learn in a hands-on and interactive way. It can be a visit to a museum, a historical site, a farm, or any other location that provides opportunities for unique learning experiences. Field trips can help students deepen their understanding of a particular subject or topic, expose them to new cultures and perspectives, and enable them to make meaningful connections between what they learn in class and the real world around them. Field trips are often some of the most memorable and impactful experiences in a student’s academic journey.

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The Benefits Of Learning Through Field Trips

The Benefits Of Learning Through Field Trips contributed by Steve Berer, musexplore.net If you are going on a field trip, it is important to prepare your students by developing their visual literacy, and by integrating the trip actively into your curriculum. However, important as that is, it is not enough. The museum (and field trip) experience occurs…

contributed by  Steve Berer , musexplore.net

If you are going on a field trip, it is important to prepare your students by developing their visual literacy, and by integrating the trip actively into your curriculum.

However, important as that is, it is not enough. The museum (and field trip) experience occurs in a very different environment from your classroom. That may seem obvious, but let’s take a look at the differences, so that you can help your students maintain their focus to insure they have an engaging educational experience.

The Benefits of a Museum/Field Trip

• Students are energized by the excitement and anticipation of leaving the school environment.
• The transportation to and from the museum/site is often a pleasant open-social time.
• Students have the opportunity to see new things and learn about them in a more unstructured way.
• Students have the opportunity to determine what they learn and how they learn it. Said differently, student learning can be interest-driven, not teacher and curriculum driven.
• Students will experience a more holistic, integrated picture of the information that, in the classroom, may have only been presented in a textual and abstract way.
• Museums, and many other kinds of field trips are multi-media experiences; therefore, learning is enriched and reinforced with superimposing sensory and intellectual inputs.
• Most museums are designed to stimulate curiosity and actively engage the visitor, so you have a very professional partner working with you to help your students learn.
• In some museums you can arrange for your class to meet with a museum educator, often in a private classroom, to facilitate directed learning and/or provide a question-answer session.

Impediments to Learning on a Museum/Field Trip

Your  classroom provides structure, limits, and authority to focus student attention and behavior. All of these are seriously diminished or entirely dispensed with on a field trip. Therefore, in spite of your high expectations, the museum trip may end up having little or no educational impact on your students.

• Too often, for too many students, the trip becomes a texting opportunity or a socializing event.
• In open spaces and without close supervision, many students may simply not have the discipline or interest to pay attention to what they’re seeing.
• Moving through rooms and/or open spaces, students can get lost from the group. Suddenly, everyone turns to finding the missing student(s) instead of being absorbed in the learning opportunity at hand.

Field trips take students into public spaces. Therefore, even if your students are disciplined and interested, the multi-media environment and the public bustle and noise will most likely be distracting. Also, if you’re in an enclosed public space (like a museum, as opposed to a park or battlefield), you can’t talk to your students as a whole group. Indeed, even in small groups, you will be limited in your ability to lecture or open a discussion. The multi-media environment and the public noise will definitely distract your students, and your discussions can disturb other visitors. These factors will deteriorate the quality of any kind of small group discussion you might try to have.

Besides the problem of public spaces, your field trip can take you to many different kinds of places. Each place has its own narrative and pacing. Consider these four different kinds of museums: American History Museum, Holocaust Museum, Aviation Museum, and Art Museum. Each of these museums has a very different story to tell, and they will probably tell it in very different ways.

An art museum may arrange its collection thematically (impressionism, modernism, Renaissance, etc), but there’s virtually no narrative connecting one object or room to another. How, then, will your students understand what they’re seeing, or remember the art once they leave the museum?

An aviation museum may arrange its collection chronologically, at least to some extent, which will help your students contextualize the information, but such museums are usually exceedingly popular. Your students may experience large, noisy crowds that will be highly distracting. You may find yourself spending most of your time making sure they don’t get separated from the group, and looking for those who inevitably do get separated.

A Holocaust museum may arrange its collection chronologically (that’s good), and even if there are large crowds, you can expect them to be hushed and thoughtful (that’s good too). However, the material is usually so emotionally charged and troubling that your students’ emotions may shut down their intellect. (Indeed, that’s a common response, in my experience.)

Very likely they will emerge with intense emotions and a few strong visual memories, but no new understanding or insight into how and why it all happened.

You can expect an American history museum to be thematic and/or chronological in its presentation (that’s good). The material, at least in part, will probably be familiar to your students (that’s good too). Very likely, it will not be emotionally overwhelming (a third good thing). But here, students will be inclined to fall back on what they already know. A fact here or an image there may catch their eye, but how can you keep them from becoming bored and turning their experience into a clandestine texting game?

These are some of the problems you may face if you want your museum/field trip to be educationally meaningful. If you would like me to address solutions to these problems in future issues, please write to me, expressing your interest. If you have questions, I’d be glad to field them.

You can also let me know about a positive or negative experience you’ve had on a field trip. What did you learn from it, or how can we help you make it better the next time?

Closing Note

Ken Robinson, in his engaging TED talk, ‘ How to Escape Education’s Death Valley ‘ says there are three principles that make human life thrive: “diversity, curiosity and creativity.” Also from Robinson’s TED talk: “If you sit kids down, hour after hour, doing low-grade clerical work, don’t be surprised if they start to fidget.”

The Benefits Of Learning Through Field Trips

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Field Trips and Their Importance in a Well-Rounded Education

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Children who experience holistic development during their school years grow up to become global citizens. As important as it is to learn Math and English, it is equally necessary that kids in school get a proper education in the arts and are taken on field trips. Giving equal weightage to both indoor as well as outdoor activities is what will make children well prepared for what lies outside in the real world. Unfortunately, most schools tend to treat field trips as a novelty rather than a necessity. Let us tell you why field trips should be given due importance and how it contributes to a well-rounded education.

• Interactive learning

It is so much easier to understand what a cow is when you see it in front of you and are able to touch it as opposed to reading about a cow in a book. Field trips ascribe to the former thought process. Field trips allow students to interact with what they are learning. The experience goes beyond reading a concept in a textbook as children are able to participate in it physically.

• Access to different environments

Field trips allow students direct access to tools and environments that they otherwise wouldn’t have contact within the four walls of their school. Students can be taken to see historical artefacts or even an underwater ecosystem at an aquarium on field trips. Each experience solidifies learning and supports key academic theories. They begin to see that what they learn in the classroom can help them solve real world problems and this shapes them as people.

• Social interaction

Leaving the classroom for a field trip places students in a different social environment. They get to meet a new set of adults and possibly interact with other children during the course of the field trip. These new interactions give them a vital lesson on how to behave in different settings. What a field trip also does is foster a sense of teamwork and community among the students as they experience a new environment together.

• Socio-economic growth

To put it simply, students who go on field trips tend to become more empathetic and tolerant as compared to those who don’t. Going on a field trip enhances their critical thinking skills and gives students a chance to think about a topic or theme from a different perspective. Several children don't get to experience the typical field trip locations with their families. A school trip gives students the chance to experience new venues.

• Erases classroom boredom

It is common knowledge that children are easily distracted and bored. School field trips build in children a different level of excitement and fun. It gives them something to look forward to. In essence, field trips erase the boredom that is associated with classroom lectures. What’s more, it awakens in students an interest to learn and get new learning information, no matter how boring the subject is in theory.

While organizing a field trip with so many children definitely comes with its fair share of trials and tribulations, the benefits far outweigh the logistical difficulties. Field trips can bring one dimensional lessons to life and create interest for a subject, something that is hard to duplicate through classroom lectures!

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How to Write a Field Trip Report

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Visiting the Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C., or touring the wetlands in Florida are two examples of exciting and educational field trips for middle school and high school students. You might take notes during your trip, so you can come up with an interesting thesis for your assigned field trip report. For example, you might write about a shuttle launching or an unusual creature who lives in the wetlands. Field trip reports should include a compelling introduction, a well-structured body and a strong conclusion. Discuss your favorite elements of the trip, so your assignment reads like a personal observation report or narrative essay.

Lead with Interesting Introduction

Start your introduction with information that leads up to your thesis statement, which is usually the last sentence of your introduction. You might focus on an interesting anecdote from your trip or discuss particular features that made an impression on you. Use these tidbits to develop your thesis. For example, you might create a three-point thesis, such as "The wetlands in Florida have vulnerable ecosystems, experience climate changes and endure seasonal flooding." If your teacher wants a technical field trip report, start with an abstract -- a brief summary paragraph -- that clearly explains where you went and what you learned during the field trip. Use research or literature to support your statements in your field trip report. For example, if you visited a local arboretum, you might use information from display placards to describe your favorite types of foliage and their seasonal life cycles.

Provide Facility Details

Discuss the field trip location by describing the facilities and explaining what you saw or experienced. For example, if you visited an astronomy observatory, discuss viewing areas and the telescopes you used. If you were using inside telescopes, describe the height of the domed ceilings, the different types of lighting and the approximate distance to the stars or planets. By providing extensive details, you show your teacher that you were paying close attention to the instructor, or in the observatory example, to the astronomer's explanations. You might also discuss any handouts or educational materials you received during the field trip.

Discuss Surprising Findings

Explain in your field trip report any new information or details that took you by surprise and include statistical data to support your findings. This type of data shows that you learned something during the field trip. For example, if you visited an underground cave, you might discuss a particular type of bat or an unusual plant that grows in the cave. Use outside research or information from the tour guide to support your data, and cite your references clearly, so your teacher knows where you got the information. When possible, use academic journals or magazines to support details in your observation report of the field visit.

End with Compelling Conclusion

Conclude your field trip report with a summary of your overall experience, including reasons why others might want to visit the location. You might include a brief summary of a personal discussion you had with the tour guide or field trip facilitator or cite a distinguishable fact from your research. If you participated in any hands-on activities or your class was allowed to see behind the scenes, you might end your paper by discussing those highlights. For example, if you visited a science center, you might discuss fossils you examined, electricity experiments you participated in, or hands-on experiments with wind tunnels that allowed you to examine weather patterns.

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The Benefits Of Field Trips

What do you remember from school? What caused you to be who you are today? Chances are, a group project, a special speaker, or a field trip helped you decide. It may have even been something you did on your own, outside of school after learning about a given topic. There was something in your life that sparked your passion or curiosity. It pushed you to take your learning into your own hands and learn more.

Every student comes to the classroom with a different world experience. We know that students who have been exposed to many different things do better in school. In order to be successful readers, students need to relate what they read to what they've experienced. To think broadly students need to have a variety of experiences.

As teachers, we know that field trips are important, but why specifically? There are a number of significant benefits.

Real World Learning

As teachers, a field trip is one of the best tools that we can use to provide every student with real-world experiences. Whether that's a trip to the local grocery store, waterfront park, a library, a museum, a theater, a community garden or a restaurant, each experience that a student participates in contributes to their understanding of the world.

When students leave the classroom, they see the connections between what is happening at school and in the ‘real-world’. They begin to see that what they learn within the walls of the classroom can help them solve the problems they see in the world around them and can have a direct impact on who they become as people.

Students are able to access tools and environments that are not available at school. Our communities are rich learning laboratories. Field trips make it possible to take students to see an underwater ecosystem at an aquarium, participate in citizen science in a river, use high powered microscopes, see and touch historical artifacts in person and present on a public stage among hundreds of other things. Each experience solidifies learning and supports important academic concepts.

Socio-emotional Growth

Students who go on field trips become more empathetic and tolerant. A study conducted by the University of Arkansas found that students that participate in a field trip to an art museum show increased empathy, tolerance and critical thinking skills. Studying art gives students a chance to think about a topic or theme from a different perspective.

Academic Impact

Field based learning increases test scores. A recent study by Emilyn Ruble Whitesell showed that middle school students who participate in science field trips through the Urban Advantage program score better on the state science test. Field trips and hands on learning make concepts more memorable. Just think back to what you learned in school, the field trips you took, and what you learned on them are still some of the clearest concepts.

Additionally, field trips are important because students are able to engage with content in a variety of ways. Concepts are presented through all different media and different modalities, so students who struggle with traditional learning can feel smart and confident. They are able to access the content better when they can learn holistically. When they return to school, the trip that they took can serve as a touchpoint for an entire unit.

Some of our students worlds are so small, but the community that each child lives in is an incredible resource for broadening it. Within each student’s city or region, there are people and places that students can access that cannot be replicated by the Internet or in the classroom. This multisensory learning experience can bring one dimensional lessons to life and create enthusiasm for a subject that is hard to replicate through other media. As teachers, it’s our duty to make that possible.

Explorable Places is a new online platform that helps you find the best field trip for your students. Click here to search by subject, grade, price, location and accommodation. You'll find just what you are looking for.

Essay on Field Trip To Museum

Students are often asked to write an essay on Field Trip To Museum in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Field Trip To Museum

Exciting day out.

Imagine a day filled with adventure and learning, but not in your regular classroom. That’s what a field trip to a museum offers. It’s a chance to see and touch things from the past.

Seeing History Up Close

In a museum, history comes to life. You can see old paintings, tools, and even dinosaur bones. It’s like meeting characters from your history book face to face.

Fun Learning

Museums make learning fun. You can play games, solve puzzles, and sometimes even dress up like people from long ago. It’s like being a detective in a world of mysteries.

Memories to Keep

After a day at the museum, you return home with cool stories and facts to share. It’s not just a trip; it’s a memory that stays with you, making learning something you’ll always enjoy.

250 Words Essay on Field Trip To Museum

What is a museum field trip, getting ready for the trip.

Before going, teachers tell students what they will see. They may talk about paintings, old tools, or bones of dinosaurs. Students might feel excited to see things they have only read about in books.

At the Museum

Once at the museum, students walk around with their friends and teachers. They look at different things, such as clothes from long ago or machines that were used before computers. Sometimes, there are activities like drawing or puzzles that help students learn in a fun way.

Learning New Things

Museums are great for learning. Students can see with their own eyes how people lived in other times. They can understand how things change over time. This trip can make students think and ask questions, which helps them learn even more.

Remembering the Trip

After the trip, students may talk or write about what they liked best. They can draw pictures or tell their families about the adventure. The trip to the museum might be over, but the memories and knowledge stay with them.

In short, a museum field trip is a special journey. It takes students out of the classroom and into a world of discovery. It’s a day of walking, watching, and wondering that can make school more fun and interesting.

500 Words Essay on Field Trip To Museum

Introduction to museum field trips, planning the trip.

Before going on a field trip, teachers and students plan together. They choose which museum to visit based on what they are studying in class. For example, if they are learning about history, they might visit a history museum. They also need to think about how they will get there, what time to leave, and what to bring. Students often bring pencils and notebooks to write down what they learn and cameras to take pictures of the interesting things they see.

Arriving at the Museum

On the day of the field trip, everyone feels excited as they arrive at the museum. At the entrance, museum staff often greet students and explain the rules, like not touching the artifacts and not running inside. They give maps to help find different sections of the museum. Sometimes, students are split into smaller groups so that they can explore more easily and ask questions.

Learning and Exploring

Special museum activities.

Many museums offer special activities for students on field trips. They might have a scavenger hunt where students look for certain items throughout the museum. Or there could be a workshop where they make their own art inspired by what they see. These activities make the trip even more memorable because students get to do something hands-on and creative.

Reflection and Discussion

After walking around and exploring, students usually have time to sit and talk about what they saw. They might discuss their favorite parts of the museum or something new they learned. This is a good time for students to share their thoughts and feelings about the trip. Teachers can ask questions to help students think more deeply about their experience.

Conclusion and Memories

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Example of a Field Trip Report: An Essay

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Research methodology, field visit, primary data, secondary data, leaning outcome, limitations, field trip to ranthambore and bharatpur.

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• To discover the uniqueness of Keoladeo Ghana National Park.
• To understand the importance of ‘Tiger Project’ through Ranthambore National Park.
• To analyze the conservation work of ASI in the Ranthambore Fort.
• Basics on conducting a group tour. As we were a strength of 120 students along with 5 faculties, planning this trip has given us an idea on how to conduct group tours and activities.
• It has helped us understand bulk bookings and benefits related of it.
• We have learnt the importance of time management while dealing with large group on tours.
• We have learnt the importance of ‘Tiger Project’ through the functioning of Ranthambore National Park.
• We have also gathered information on how ASI is working towards conservation of the heritage sites from the visit to Ranthambore Fort.
• It was an opportunity to learn and experience the rich heritage of Rajasthan and its wildlife.
• The money taken for the field trip was not worth it.
• Lack of time management.
• Travelling to the destination took much time than exploring the destination.
• Group tour lacked coordination among members, hence time management became difficult.
• Day 1 : Bus will be waiting at Gate NO 4A. Amity University. Pick up time: 5:30 am. Drive for 8 to 9 hours depending on the traffic. check in upon arrival. Tea will be served. Dinner at hotel. Overnight stay at hotel.
• Day 2 : Morning safari at 7 am to 10 am. Back to hotel after safari. Breakfast at hotel. Lunch at hotel. Trip to Ranthambore Fort. Tea will be served later in the evening. Bonfire at the hotel, DJ evening and dinner.
• Day 3 : Breakfast at hotel. Check out from hotel. Drive back to original pick-up point.

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How to Write a Visit Report

Last Updated: March 30, 2024 References

This article was co-authored by Madison Boehm . Madison Boehm is a Business Advisor and the Co-Founder of Jaxson Maximus, a men’s salon and custom clothiers based in southern Florida. She specializes in business development, operations, and finance. Additionally, she has experience in the salon, clothing, and retail sectors. Madison holds a BBA in Entrepreneurship and Marketing from The University of Houston. This article has been viewed 681,009 times.

Whether you’re a student or a professional, a visit report helps you document the procedures and processes at an industrial or corporate location. These reports are fairly straightforward. Describe the site first and explain what you did while you were there. If required, reflect on what you learned during your visit. No additional research or information is needed.

Writing a Visit Report

Explain the site's purpose, operations, and what happened during the visit. Identify the site's strengths and weaknesses, along with your recommendations for improvement. Include relevant photos or diagrams to supplement your report.

Describing the Site

• Reports are usually only 2-3 pages long, but in some cases, these reports may be much longer.
• In some cases, you may be asked to give recommendations or opinions about the site. In other cases, you will be asked only to describe the site.
• Ask your boss or instructor for models of other visit reports. If you can't get a model, look up samples online.

• If you visited a factory, explain what it is producing and what equipment it uses.
• If you visited a construction site, describe what is being constructed and how far along the construction is. You should also describe the terrain of the site and the layout.
• If you’re visiting a business, describe what the business does. State which department or part of the business you visited.
• If you’re visiting a school, identify which grades they teach. Note how many students attend the school. Name the teachers whose classes you observed.

• Who did you talk to? What did they tell you?
• What did you see at the site?
• What events took place? Did you attend a seminar, Q&A session, or interview?
• Did you see any demonstrations of equipment or techniques?

• For example, at a car factory, describe whether the cars are made by robots or humans. Describe each step of the assembly line.
• If you're visiting a business, talk about different departments within the business. Describe their corporate structure and identify what programs they use to conduct their business.

Reflecting on Your Visit

• Is there something you didn’t realize before that you learned while at the site?
• Who at the site provided helpful information?
• What was your favorite part of the visit and why?

• For example, you might state that the factory uses the latest technology but point out that employees need more training to work with the new equipment.
• If there was anything important left out of the visit, state what it was. For example, maybe you were hoping to see the main factory floor or to talk to the manager.

• Tailor your recommendations to the organization or institution that owns the site. What is practical and reasonable for them to do to improve their site?
• Be specific. Don’t just say they need to improve infrastructure. State what type of equipment they need or give advice on how to improve employee morale.

Formatting Your Report

• If you are following a certain style guideline, like APA or Chicago style, make sure to format the title page according to the rules of the handbook.

• Don’t just say “the visit was interesting” or “I was bored.” Be specific when describing what you learned or saw.

Sample Visit Report

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You Might Also Like

• ↑ http://services.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/471286/Site_Reports_for_Engineers_Update_051112.pdf
• ↑ https://www.examples.com/business/visit-report.html
• ↑ https://www.thepensters.com/blog/industrial-visit-report-writing/
• ↑ https://eclass.aueb.gr/modules/document/file.php/ME342/Report%20Drafting.pdf

About This Article

To write a visit report, start by including a general introduction that tells your audience where and when you visited, who your contact was, and how you got there. Once you have the introduction written out, take 1 to 2 paragraphs to describe the purpose of the site you visited, including details like the size and layout. If you visited a business, talk about what the business does and describe any specific departments you went to. Then, summarize what happened during your visit in chronological order. Make sure to include people you met and what they told you. Toward the end of your report, reflect on your visit by identifying any strengths and weaknesses in how the site operates and provide any recommendations for improvement. For more help, including how to format your report, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Essay on A Visit To A Historical Place

Essay on A Visit To A Historical Place: Visiting historical places is not just a way to explore the past, but also a way to connect with our roots and understand the rich cultural heritage of a place. In this essay, we will delve into the experience of visiting a historical site and the impact it can have on our understanding of history. Join me on a journey as we explore the significance of visiting historical places and the memories they leave behind.

Table of Contents

A Visit To A Historical Place Essay Writing Tips

1. Introduction: Start your essay by introducing the historical place you visited and why you chose to visit it. Provide some background information about the significance of the place.

2. Describe the historical place: Use descriptive language to paint a vivid picture of the historical place you visited. Talk about the architecture, the surroundings, and any interesting features that stood out to you.

3. Share your experience: Write about your personal experience visiting the historical place. Talk about how you felt being in such a significant location and any emotions or thoughts that came to mind.

4. Learn about the history: Research the history of the historical place you visited and include some interesting facts or stories in your essay. This will show that you took the time to learn about the significance of the place.

5. Interact with locals: If you had the opportunity to interact with locals or tour guides, include their perspectives and insights in your essay. This will add depth and authenticity to your writing.

6. Reflect on the visit: Reflect on what you learned from visiting the historical place and how it impacted you. Did it change your perspective on history or culture? Did it inspire you in any way?

7. Conclusion: Wrap up your essay by summarizing your experience and the significance of visiting a historical place. You can also include any recommendations for others who may want to visit the same place.

8. Proofread and revise: Before submitting your essay, make sure to proofread it for any grammar or spelling errors. Revise any awkward sentences or unclear points to ensure that your writing is clear and concise.

By following these tips, you can write a compelling essay on your visit to a historical place that will engage and inform your readers.

Essay on A Visit To A Historical Place in 10 Lines – Examples

1. Visiting a historical place is like stepping back in time and experiencing the rich culture and heritage of the past. 2. These places are a treasure trove of information and stories that help us understand our roots and history better. 3. The architecture and artifacts in historical places are a testament to the craftsmanship and skills of our ancestors. 4. Walking through the corridors and halls of a historical place can evoke a sense of nostalgia and wonder. 5. The ambiance and aura of these places transport us to a different era, making us appreciate the advancements and progress we have made over the years. 6. Learning about the historical significance of these places can be both educational and enlightening. 7. It is important to preserve and protect these historical sites for future generations to learn from and appreciate. 8. Exploring a historical place can be a humbling experience, reminding us of the struggles and triumphs of those who came before us. 9. The beauty and grandeur of historical places can leave a lasting impression on our minds and hearts. 10. A visit to a historical place is not just a trip, but a journey through time that enriches our understanding of the world around us.

Sample Essay on A Visit To A Historical Place in 100-180 Words

I recently had the opportunity to visit the Taj Mahal in Agra, India, and it was truly a breathtaking experience. The sheer beauty and grandeur of this historical monument left me in awe. The intricate marble carvings, the stunning architecture, and the serene surroundings all combined to create a sense of wonder and admiration.

As I walked through the gardens and gazed upon the Taj Mahal, I couldn’t help but feel a sense of reverence for the history and culture that this magnificent structure represents. It was a humbling experience to be in the presence of such a significant piece of history.

Visiting the Taj Mahal was not only a visual treat but also a learning experience. I gained a deeper appreciation for the artistry and craftsmanship of the Mughal era, and I left with a greater understanding of the importance of preserving our historical landmarks.

Overall, my visit to the Taj Mahal was a truly unforgettable experience that I will cherish for a lifetime.

Short Essay on A Visit To A Historical Place in 200-500 Words

Last summer, I had the opportunity to visit a historical place that I had always wanted to see. The place was the Taj Mahal in Agra, India. It is one of the most famous and iconic monuments in the world, known for its stunning architecture and rich history.

As I approached the Taj Mahal, I was struck by its sheer beauty and grandeur. The white marble structure gleamed in the sunlight, and the intricate carvings and designs on the walls and domes were truly breathtaking. I could not believe that I was standing in front of such a magnificent piece of history.

As I entered the complex, I was immediately struck by the peaceful and serene atmosphere. The lush gardens and fountains added to the beauty of the place, and I could see why the Taj Mahal is often referred to as a symbol of love and romance. It was easy to imagine the love and dedication that went into building such a magnificent monument.

I spent hours exploring the different parts of the Taj Mahal, from the main mausoleum to the surrounding buildings and gardens. I marveled at the intricate details of the marble carvings and the beautiful inlay work that adorned the walls and floors. I also learned about the history of the Taj Mahal, including the story of how it was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.

One of the highlights of my visit was seeing the Taj Mahal at sunset. As the sun dipped below the horizon, the white marble of the monument seemed to glow with a warm, golden light. The reflection of the Taj Mahal in the nearby river added to the beauty of the scene, and I felt truly privileged to witness such a stunning sight.

Overall, my visit to the Taj Mahal was a truly unforgettable experience. The beauty and grandeur of the monument left me in awe, and I felt a deep sense of appreciation for the history and culture of India. I left the Taj Mahal feeling inspired and grateful for the opportunity to see such a remarkable piece of history. It was a visit that I will always cherish and remember fondly.

Essay on A Visit To A Historical Place in 1000-1500 Words

A Visit to a Historical Place

History has always fascinated me, and I have always been drawn to the stories and events that have shaped our world. So, when the opportunity arose to visit a historical place, I jumped at the chance. The place I chose to visit was the ancient city of Pompeii, located in southern Italy. Pompeii is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is one of the most well-preserved ancient cities in the world. The city was buried under ash and pumice after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, and it was not rediscovered until the 18th century.

As I arrived at the entrance to Pompeii, I was struck by the sheer size of the city. The ruins stretched out before me, with crumbling walls and ancient buildings rising up from the ground. I could almost feel the weight of history pressing down on me as I walked through the streets of the city. The first thing that struck me was the level of preservation of the buildings. Despite being buried for nearly 2,000 years, many of the structures in Pompeii were remarkably intact. I could see the remains of temples, houses, and public buildings, all frozen in time by the eruption of Vesuvius.

One of the most impressive sights in Pompeii was the amphitheater. This massive structure could seat up to 20,000 people and was used for gladiatorial games and other public events. As I stood in the center of the arena, I could almost hear the roar of the crowd and the clash of swords as the gladiators fought for their lives. It was a chilling reminder of the brutality of ancient Roman society, but also a testament to the ingenuity and engineering skills of the people who built the amphitheater.

Another highlight of my visit to Pompeii was the House of the Vettii. This luxurious villa was once owned by two wealthy brothers and is one of the best-preserved houses in the city. As I walked through the rooms of the villa, I was struck by the beauty and opulence of the decorations. Intricate frescoes covered the walls, depicting scenes from mythology and daily life. Mosaics adorned the floors, depicting animals, plants, and geometric patterns. It was a glimpse into the lives of the wealthy elite of ancient Pompeii, and it was a stark contrast to the more modest dwellings of the common people.

As I continued my exploration of Pompeii, I was struck by the sense of tragedy that permeated the city. Everywhere I looked, I could see the signs of destruction and loss. Buildings lay in ruins, their walls blackened by the ash of Vesuvius. Statues stood broken and battered, their faces worn away by time. It was a sobering reminder of the fragility of human civilization and the power of nature to destroy even the mightiest of empires.

Despite the sense of sadness that hung over Pompeii, there was also a sense of resilience and perseverance. The city may have been destroyed, but its spirit lived on in the ruins that remained. As I walked through the streets, I could almost hear the voices of the people who had once lived and worked in Pompeii. I could imagine the bustling markets, the crowded streets, and the vibrant culture of this ancient city. It was a testament to the enduring power of human creativity and ingenuity, even in the face of overwhelming adversity.

As I left Pompeii and returned to the modern world, I felt a sense of awe and wonder at the history I had witnessed. The city had left a lasting impression on me, and I knew that I would never forget the experience of walking through its ancient streets. Pompeii was more than just a collection of ruins; it was a window into the past, a glimpse of a world long gone but never forgotten. I left with a renewed appreciation for the power of history to shape our understanding of the world and our place in it. And I knew that I would always cherish the memories of my visit to this remarkable historical place.

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Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Assignments

• Annotated Bibliography
• Analyzing a Scholarly Journal Article
• Group Presentations
• Dealing with Nervousness
• Using Visual Aids
• Grading Someone Else's Paper
• Types of Structured Group Activities
• Group Project Survival Skills
• Leading a Class Discussion
• Multiple Book Review Essay
• Reviewing Collected Works
• Writing a Case Analysis Paper
• Writing a Case Study
• About Informed Consent
• Writing Field Notes
• Writing a Policy Memo
• Writing a Reflective Paper
• Writing a Research Proposal
• Generative AI and Writing
• Acknowledgments

The purpose of a field report in the social sciences is to describe the deliberate observation of people, places, and/or events and to analyze what has been observed in order to identify and categorize common themes in relation to the research problem underpinning the study. The content represents the researcher's interpretation of meaning found in data that has been gathered during one or more observational events.

Flick, Uwe. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection . London: SAGE Publications, 2018; Lofland, John, David Snow, Leon Anderson, and Lyn H. Lofland. Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2022; Baker, Lynda. "Observation: A Complex Research Method." Library Trends 55 (Summer 2006): 171-189.; Kellehear, Allan. The Unobtrusive Researcher: A Guide to Methods . New York: Routledge, 2020.

How to Approach Writing a Field Report

How to Begin

Field reports are most often assigned in disciplines of the applied social sciences [e.g., social work, anthropology, gerontology, criminal justice, education, law, the health care services] where it is important to build a bridge of relevancy between the theoretical concepts learned in the classroom and the practice of actually doing the work you are being taught to do. Field reports are also common in certain science disciplines [e.g., geology] but these reports are organized differently and serve a different purpose than what is described below.

Professors will assign a field report with the intention of improving your understanding of key theoretical concepts by applying methods of careful and structured observation of, and reflection about, people, places, or phenomena existing in their natural settings. Field reports facilitate the development of data collection techniques and observation skills and they help you to understand how theory applies to real world situations. Field reports are also an opportunity to obtain evidence through methods of observing professional practice that contribute to or challenge existing theories.

We are all observers of people, their interactions, places, and events; however, your responsibility when writing a field report is to conduct research based on data generated by the act of designing a specific study, deliberate observation, synthesis of key findings, and interpretation of their meaning.

When writing a field report you need to:

• Systematically observe and accurately record the varying aspects of a situation . Always approach your field study with a detailed protocol about what you will observe, where you should conduct your observations, and the method by which you will collect and record your data.
• Continuously analyze your observations . Always look for the meaning underlying the actions you observe. Ask yourself: What's going on here? What does this observed activity mean? What else does this relate to? Note that this is an on-going process of reflection and analysis taking place for the duration of your field research.
• Keep the report’s aims in mind while you are observing . Recording what you observe should not be done randomly or haphazardly; you must be focused and pay attention to details. Enter the observation site [i.e., "field"] with a clear plan about what you are intending to observe and record in relation to the research problem while, at the same time, being prepared to adapt to changing circumstances as they may arise.
• Consciously observe, record, and analyze what you hear and see in the context of a theoretical framework . This is what separates data gatherings from reporting. The theoretical framework guiding your field research should determine what, when, and how you observe and act as the foundation from which you interpret your findings in relation to the underlying assumptions embedded in the theoretical framework .

Techniques to Record Your Observations Although there is no limit to the type of data gathering techniques you can use, these are the most frequently used methods:

Note Taking This is the most common and easiest method of recording your observations. Tips for taking notes include: organizing some shorthand symbols beforehand so that recording basic or repeated actions does not impede your ability to observe, using many small paragraphs, which reflect changes in activities, who is talking, etc., and, leaving space on the page so you can write down additional thoughts and ideas about what’s being observed, any theoretical insights, and notes to yourself that are set aside for further investigation. See drop-down tab for additional information about note-taking.

Photography With the advent of smart phones, an almost unlimited number of high quality photographs can be taken of the objects, events, and people observed during a field study. Photographs can help capture an important moment in time as well as document details about the space where your observation takes place. Taking a photograph can save you time in documenting the details of a space that would otherwise require extensive note taking. However, be aware that flash photography could undermine your ability to observe unobtrusively so assess the lighting in your observation space; if it's too dark, you may need to rely on taking notes. Also, you should reject the idea that photographs represent some sort of "window into the world" because this assumption creates the risk of over-interpreting what they show. As with any product of data gathering, you are the sole instrument of interpretation and meaning-making, not the object itself. Video and Audio Recordings Video or audio recording your observations has the positive effect of giving you an unfiltered record of the observation event. It also facilitates repeated analysis of your observations. This can be particularly helpful as you gather additional information or insights during your research. However, these techniques have the negative effect of increasing how intrusive you are as an observer and will often not be practical or even allowed under certain circumstances [e.g., interaction between a doctor and a patient] and in certain organizational settings [e.g., a courtroom]. Illustrations/Drawings This does not refer to an artistic endeavor but, rather, refers to the possible need, for example, to draw a map of the observation setting or illustrating objects in relation to people's behavior. This can also take the form of rough tables, charts, or graphs documenting the frequency and type of activities observed. These can be subsequently placed in a more readable format when you write your field report. To save time, draft a table [i.e., columns and rows] on a separate piece of paper before an observation if you know you will be entering data in that way.

NOTE:   You may consider using a laptop or other electronic device to record your notes as you observe, but keep in mind the possibility that the clicking of keys while you type or noises from your device can be obtrusive, whereas writing your notes on paper is relatively quiet and unobtrusive. Always assess your presence in the setting where you're gathering the data so as to minimize your impact on the subject or phenomenon being studied.

ANOTHER NOTE:   Techniques of deliberate observation and data gathering are not innate skills; they are skills that must be learned and practiced in order to achieve proficiency. Before your first observation, practice the technique you plan to use in a setting similar to your study site [e.g., take notes about how people choose to enter checkout lines at a grocery store if your research involves examining the choice patterns of unrelated people forced to queue in busy social settings]. When the act of data gathering counts, you'll be glad you practiced beforehand.

YET ANOTHER NOTE:   An issue rarely discussed in the literature about conducting field research is whether you should move around the study site while observing or remaining situated in one place. Moving around can be intrusive, but it facilitates observing people's behavior from multiple vectors. However, if you remain in one place throughout the observation [or during each observation], you will eventually blend into the background and diminish the chance of unintentionally influencing people's behavior. If the site has a complex set of interactions or interdependent activities [e.g., a play ground], consider moving around; if the study site is relatively fixed [e.g., a classroom], then consider staying in one place while observing.

Examples of Things to Document While Observing

• Physical setting . The characteristics of an occupied space and the human use of the place where the observation(s) are being conducted.
• Objects and material culture . This refers to the presence, placement, and arrangement of objects that impact the behavior or actions of those being observed. If applicable, describe the cultural artifacts representing the beliefs [i.e., the values, ideas, attitudes, and assumptions] of the individuals you are observing [e.g., the choice of particular types of clothing in the observation of family gatherings during culturally specific holidays].
• Use of language . Don't just observe but  listen to what is being said, how is it being said, and the tone of conversations among participants.
• Behavior cycles . This refers to documenting when and who performs what behavior or task and how often they occur. Record at which stage this behavior is occurring within the setting.
• The order in which events unfold . Note sequential patterns of behavior or the moment when actions or events take place and their significance. Also, be prepared to note moments that diverge from these sequential patterns of behavior or actions.
• Physical characteristics of subjects. If relevant, document personal characteristics of individuals being observed. Note that, unless this data can be verified in interviews or from documentary evidence, you should only focus on characteristics that can be clearly observed [e.g., clothing, physical appearance, body language].
• Expressive body movements . This would include things like body posture or facial expressions. Note that it may be relevant to also assess whether expressive body movements support or contradict the language used in conversation [e.g., detecting sarcasm].

Brief notes about all of these examples contextualize your observations; however, your observation notes will be guided primarily by your theoretical framework, keeping in mind that your observations will feed into and potentially modify or alter these frameworks.

Sampling Techniques

Sampling refers to the process used to select a portion of the population for study . Qualitative research, of which observation is one method of data gathering, is generally based on non-probability and purposive sampling rather than probability or random approaches characteristic of quantitatively-driven studies. Sampling in observational research is flexible and often continues until no new themes emerge from the data, a point referred to as data saturation.

All sampling decisions are made for the explicit purpose of obtaining the richest possible source of information to answer the research questions. Decisions about sampling assumes you know what you want to observe, what behaviors are important to record, and what research problem you are addressing before you begin the study. These questions determine what sampling technique you should use, so be sure you have adequately answered them before selecting a sampling method.

Ways to sample when conducting an observation include:

• Ad Libitum Sampling -- this approach is not that different from what people do at the zoo; they observe whatever seems interesting at the moment. There is no organized system of recording the observations; you just note whatever seems relevant at the time. The advantage of this method is that you are often able to observe relatively rare or unusual behaviors that might be missed by more deliberately designed sampling methods. This method is also useful for obtaining preliminary observations that can be used to develop your final field study. Problems using this method include the possibility of inherent bias toward conspicuous behaviors or individuals, thereby missing mundane or repeated patterns of behavior, and that you may miss brief interactions in social settings.
• Behavior Sampling -- this involves watching the entire group of subjects and recording each occurrence of a specific behavior of interest and with reference to which individuals were involved. The method is useful in recording rare behaviors missed by other sampling methods and is often used in conjunction with focal or scan methods [see below]. However, sampling can be biased towards particular conspicuous behaviors.
• Continuous Recording -- provides a faithful record of behavior including frequencies, durations, and latencies [the time that elapses between a stimulus and the response to it]. This is a very demanding method because you are trying to record everything within the setting and, thus, measuring reliability may be sacrificed. In addition, durations and latencies are only reliable if subjects remain present throughout the collection of data. However, this method facilitates analyzing sequences of behaviors and ensures obtaining a wealth of data about the observation site and the people within it. The use of audio or video recording is most useful with this type of sampling.
• Focal Sampling -- this involves observing one individual for a specified amount of time and recording all instances of that individual's behavior. Usually you have a set of predetermined categories or types of behaviors that you are interested in observing [e.g., when a teacher walks around the classroom] and you keep track of the duration of those behaviors. This approach doesn't tend to bias one behavior over another and provides significant detail about a individual's behavior. However, with this method, you likely have to conduct a lot of focal samples before you have a good idea about how group members interact. It can also be difficult within certain settings to keep one individual in sight for the entire period of the observation without being intrusive.
• Instantaneous Sampling -- this is where observation sessions are divided into short intervals divided by sample points. At each sample point the observer records if predetermined behaviors of interest are taking place. This method is not effective for recording discrete events of short duration and, frequently, observers will want to record novel behaviors that occur slightly before or after the point of sampling, creating a sampling error. Though not exact, this method does give you an idea of durations and is relatively easy to do. It is also good for recording behavior patterns occurring at a specific instant, such as, movement or body positions.
• One-Zero Sampling -- this is very similar to instantaneous sampling, only the observer records if the behaviors of interest have occurred at any time during an interval instead of at the instant of the sampling point. The method is useful for capturing data on behavior patterns that start and stop repeatedly and rapidly, but that last only for a brief period of time. The disadvantage of this approach is that you get a dimensionless score for an entire recording session, so you only get one one data point for each recording session.
• Scan Sampling -- this method involves taking a census of the entire observed group at predetermined time periods and recording what each individual is doing at that moment. This is useful for obtaining group behavioral data and allows for data that are evenly representative across individuals and periods of time. On the other hand, this method may be biased towards more conspicuous behaviors and you may miss a lot of what is going on between observations, especially rare or unusual behaviors. It is also difficult to record more than a few individuals in a group setting without missing what each individual is doing at each predetermined moment in time [e.g., children sitting at a table during lunch at school]. The use of audio or video recording is useful with this type of sampling.

Alderks, Peter. Data Collection. Psychology 330 Course Documents. Animal Behavior Lab. University of Washington; Emerson, Robert M. Contemporary Field Research: Perspectives and Formulations . 2nd ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 2001; Emerson, Robert M. et al. “Participant Observation and Fieldnotes.” In Handbook of Ethnography . Paul Atkinson et al., eds. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2001), 352-368; Emerson, Robert M. et al. Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes . 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2011; Ethnography, Observational Research, and Narrative Inquiry. Writing@CSU. Colorado State University; Hazel, Spencer. "The Paradox from Within: Research Participants Doing-Being-Observed." Qualitative Research 16 (August 2016): 446-457; Pace, Tonio. Writing Field Reports. Scribd Online Library; Presser, Jon and Dona Schwartz. “Photographs within the Sociological Research Process.” In Image-based Research: A Sourcebook for Qualitative Researchers . Jon Prosser, editor (London: Falmer Press, 1998), pp. 115-130; Pyrczak, Fred and Randall R. Bruce. Writing Empirical Research Reports: A Basic Guide for Students of the Social and Behavioral Sciences . 5th ed. Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Publishing, 2005; Report Writing. UniLearning. University of Wollongong, Australia; Wolfinger, Nicholas H. "On Writing Fieldnotes: Collection Strategies and Background Expectancies.” Qualitative Research 2 (April 2002): 85-95; Writing Reports. Anonymous. The Higher Education Academy.

Structure and Writing Style

How you choose to format your field report is determined by the research problem, the theoretical framework that is driving your analysis, the observations that you make, and/or specific guidelines established by your professor. Since field reports do not have a standard format, it is worthwhile to determine from your professor what the preferred structure and organization should be before you begin to write. Note that field reports should be written in the past tense. With this in mind, most field reports in the social sciences include the following elements:

I.  Introduction The introduction should describe the research problem, the specific objectives of your research, and the important theories or concepts underpinning your field study. The introduction should describe the nature of the organization or setting where you are conducting the observation, what type of observations you have conducted, what your focus was, when you observed, and the methods you used for collecting the data. Collectively, this descriptive information should support reasons why you chose the observation site and the people or events within it. You should also include a review of pertinent literature related to the research problem, particularly if similar methods were used in prior studies. Conclude your introduction with a statement about how the rest of the paper is organized.

II.  Description of Activities

Your readers only knowledge and understanding of what happened will come from the description section of your report because they were not witnesses to the situation, people, or events that you are writing about. Given this, it is crucial that you provide sufficient details to place the analysis that will follow into proper context; don't make the mistake of providing a description without context. The description section of a field report is similar to a well written piece of journalism. Therefore, a useful approach to systematically describing the varying aspects of an observed situation is to answer the "Five W’s of Investigative Reporting." As Dubbels notes [p. 19], these are:

• What -- describe what you observed. Note the temporal, physical, and social boundaries you imposed to limit the observations you made. What were your general impressions of the situation you were observing. For example, as a student teacher, what is your impression of the application of iPads as a learning device in a history class; as a cultural anthropologist, what is your impression of women's participation in a Native American religious ritual?
• Where -- provide background information about the setting of your observation and, if necessary, note important material objects that are present that help contextualize the observation [e.g., arrangement of computers in relation to student engagement with the teacher].
• When -- record factual data about the day and the beginning and ending time of each observation. Note that it may also be necessary to include background information or key events which impact upon the situation you were observing [e.g., observing the ability of teachers to re-engage students after coming back from an unannounced fire drill].
• Who -- note background and demographic information about the individuals being observed e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, and/or any other variables relevant to your study]. Record who is doing what and saying what, as well as, who is not doing or saying what. If relevant, be sure to record who was missing from the observation.
• Why -- why were you doing this? Describe the reasons for selecting particular situations to observe. Note why something happened. Also note why you may have included or excluded certain information.

III.  Interpretation and Analysis

Always place the analysis and interpretations of your field observations within the larger context of the theoretical assumptions and issues you described in the introduction. Part of your responsibility in analyzing the data is to determine which observations are worthy of comment and interpretation, and which observations are more general in nature. It is your theoretical framework that allows you to make these decisions. You need to demonstrate to the reader that you are conducting the field work through the eyes of an informed viewer and from the perspective of a casual observer.

Here are some questions to ask yourself when analyzing your observations:

• What is the meaning of what you have observed?
• Why do you think what you observed happened? What evidence do you have for your reasoning?
• What events or behaviors were typical or widespread? If appropriate, what was unusual or out of the ordinary? How were they distributed among categories of people?
• Do you see any connections or patterns in what you observed?
• Why did the people you observed proceed with an action in the way that they did? What are the implications of this?
• Did the stated or implicit objectives of what you were observing match what was achieved?
• What were the relative merits of the behaviors you observed?
• What were the strengths and weaknesses of the observations you recorded?
• Do you see connections between what you observed and the findings of similar studies identified from your review of the literature?
• How do your observations fit into the larger context of professional practice? In what ways have your observations possibly changed or affirmed your perceptions of professional practice?
• Have you learned anything from what you observed?

NOTE:   Only base your interpretations on what you have actually observed. Do not speculate or manipulate your observational data to fit into your study's theoretical framework.

IV.  Conclusion and Recommendations

The conclusion should briefly recap of the entire study, reiterating the importance or significance of your observations. Avoid including any new information. You should also state any recommendations you may have based on the results of your study. Be sure to describe any unanticipated problems you encountered and note the limitations of your study. The conclusion should not be more than two or three paragraphs.

V.  Appendix

This is where you would place information that is not essential to explaining your findings, but that supports your analysis [especially repetitive or lengthy information], that validates your conclusions, or that contextualizes a related point that helps the reader understand the overall report. Examples of information that could be included in an appendix are figures/tables/charts/graphs of results, statistics, pictures, maps, drawings, or, if applicable, transcripts of interviews. There is no limit to what can be included in the appendix or its format [e.g., a DVD recording of the observation site], provided that it is relevant to the study's purpose and reference is made to it in the report. If information is placed in more than one appendix ["appendices"], the order in which they are organized is dictated by the order they were first mentioned in the text of the report.

VI.  References

List all sources that you consulted and obtained information from while writing your field report. Note that field reports generally do not include further readings or an extended bibliography. However, consult with your professor concerning what your list of sources should be included and be sure to write them in the preferred citation style of your discipline or is preferred by your professor [i.e., APA, Chicago, MLA, etc.].

Alderks, Peter. Data Collection. Psychology 330 Course Documents. Animal Behavior Lab. University of Washington; Dubbels, Brock R. Exploring the Cognitive, Social, Cultural, and Psychological Aspects of Gaming and Simulations . Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2018; Emerson, Robert M. Contemporary Field Research: Perspectives and Formulations . 2nd ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 2001; Emerson, Robert M. et al. “Participant Observation and Fieldnotes.” In Handbook of Ethnography . Paul Atkinson et al., eds. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2001), 352-368; Emerson, Robert M. et al. Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes . 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2011; Ethnography, Observational Research, and Narrative Inquiry. Writing@CSU. Colorado State University; Pace, Tonio. Writing Field Reports. Scribd Online Library; Pyrczak, Fred and Randall R. Bruce. Writing Empirical Research Reports: A Basic Guide for Students of the Social and Behavioral Sciences . 5th ed. Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Publishing, 2005; Report Writing. UniLearning. University of Wollongong, Australia; Wolfinger, Nicholas H. "On Writing Fieldnotes: Collection Strategies and Background Expectancies.” Qualitative Research 2 (April 2002): 85-95; Writing Reports. Anonymous. The Higher Education Academy.

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WCC eulogy for Baldwin Sjollema honors life of “man of profound faith and unyielding commitment”

A World Council of Churches (WCC) eulogy was delivered at Baldwin Sjollema’s funeral by Rev. Dr Konrad Raiser, former WCC general secretary, who represented WCC general secretary Rev. Prof. Dr Jerry Pillay at the funeral. 

Baldwin Sjollema speaks at the meeting of retired WCC staff in 2023.

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The eulogy described Sjollema as  “ a man of profound faith and unyielding commitment to justice.”

The visionary Sjollema’s work left an indelible mark on the fight for human dignity and the global struggle against apartheid.  “ Baldwin was known for having become, in 1970, the first director of the newly created WCC Programme to Combat Racism, which made grants to southern African liberation movements, including the African National Congress,” reads the message.  “ It also advocated the withdrawal of investments from South Africa and the closure of bank accounts with those banks which supported the apartheid regime.”

The eulogy describes Sjollema’s long history with the WCC, as well as him receiving, in 2004, the Oliver Tambo Order from South African president Thabo Mbeki.  “ He was decorated for his commitment to the South African liberation movement and to the struggle against apartheid in particular,” reads the message.  “ At that time, Baldwin himself acknowledged that millions of people were engaged in the struggle against apartheid all over the world.”

Sjollema’s life was a testimony to the power of faith-driven action.  “ He knew that the struggle for justice was not simply a political fight, but a spiritual and moral battle for the soul of humanity,” reads the eulogy.  “ As we remember Baldwin today, we give thanks to God for his life and the witness he has shared with us. We honor his tireless dedication and his resolute faith. May his memory continue to inspire us to act boldly in the pursuit of a world where all people are free, and where justice flows like a mighty river.”

Read the full eulogy

WCC commemorates life and legacy of Baldwin Sjollema - WCC news release, 12 September 2024

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I’ve always been critical of my body. Then I saw what it was capable of

When I chose to freeze my eggs — something that took me two years to mull over and decide — I sought out the consult of women my age who had already done the same. A frequent warning I got was about a common physical side effect of the process: “Covering the bloat” was something I was repeatedly told I’d have to deal with. So naturally, when my timeline was set in stone, I put together a wardrobe for work and play that I hoped would do the trick. 

But then, once I was in the thick of the process, something surprising happened. I realized that I didn’t care how I looked. At all . 

Let me back up to one of my earliest memories — it’s relevant, I promise. It was August 1994, my third birthday party, and my parents graciously gifted me the presence of my favorite movie stars: Aladdin and Jasmine. I used to watch “Aladdin” every day, sometimes multiple times a day, so I’ve been told. I loved the fairy-tale aspect, and I idolized Jasmine — maybe because I hadn’t seen Middle Eastern beauty represented anywhere else.

When actors dressed as Aladdin and Jasmine showed up at our house, I froze. I remember thinking, “I can’t believe these people are in my home, and they’re here for me!” I could barely smile or speak — I just kept staring at them in awe, starstruck. After singing a couple of songs in front of my friends and me, it was time for cake (probably my favorite part). My mom set out the cake along with crudité and other bites for the parents, and while I was thinking, “I can’t wait to eat that cake,” I heard Jasmine behind me squeal in excitement. She must have been as eager for cake as I was! We have something in common , I thought excitedly. Then she said, “Ooh, cucumbers!” 

That moment has been ingrained in my psyche since I heard those two words. I remember thinking that if I want to look and be like Jasmine, well then I, too, need to prioritize the cucumbers over the cake.

And yes, I was only 3 years old, but we all have a first memory we can’t forget. 

My brain was wired around food and body image from a young age, hitting its peak distress in my late teens and early 20s. My insecurities around my body took up so much room in my brain. 

As an adult, I’ve done a lot of work to feel more comfortable in my body, and to stop being so hard on myself — but that seed of negativity never fully went away. I’m the type of person who asks to avoid seeing the number on the scale when I get weighed at doctor’s appointments, and if I accidentally see the number, mental havoc rules my week. I’m also the type of person to have an intense HIIT workout routine for both physical upkeep and mental release. So, I’ll be honest — when the time was approaching for my egg freezing cycle to begin, I was anxious about not what my body would feel, but how I would feel about how it looked.

What I never expected though was to completely embrace my body — mentally, physically and emotionally — throughout egg freezing, despite the fact that, yes, I was bloated and also had to limit physical activity. For two weeks I injected myself with hormones 2-3 times a day, combining the solutions on my own, feeling quick bouts of injection pain and periods of fatigue, and traveling to doctor’s appointments constantly. After each shot, ultrasound or blood draw, I’d await my body’s reaction. Would I feel run down? Stressed? Anxious about any expansion around my stomach? I waited, but that’s not what happened. I mostly felt … strong. I was surprised and delighted by what my body was capable of. The strength I felt made me feel immensely grateful for my body and what it could endure. I felt empowered. The experience also, frankly, made me angry at myself for all the times I criticized my body’s appearance in the past, and all the time and energy I wasted on that way of thinking.

I mostly felt … strong. I was surprised and delighted by what my body was capable of. The strength I felt made me feel immensely grateful for my body and what it could endure. I felt empowered.

Body image is a construct. It is an idea of what society deems to be subjectively appealing and has been supported by the media over decades and generations. I’m so glad society is evolving and becoming more welcoming of all shapes and sizes, but you can’t rely on internet culture and the news cycle for acceptance, especially since what is acceptable is constantly changing. It needs to come authentically and wholeheartedly from within.

I wanted to freeze my eggs in my 32nd year, and I did just that: My egg retrieval was on my last day of being 32. For my 33rd birthday — exactly three decades after that birthday party I remember as a girl — I started the year with a clean slate, freeing up that space in the back of my mind that used to be hyper-focused on what I looked like, for something new.

I vow to be less critical of how my body appears, and more in touch with how it feels. I vow to be mindful of the cucumbers and enjoy the cake, and maybe I can help other women be less critical of their bodies, too. Our bodies endure and are capable of so much. They hold so much power and strength. We should own the power of our bodies. We should be grateful for them. After this experience, I know I will be.

Donna Farizan is a contributor for TODAY's fourth hour with Hoda and Jenna.

Meet the Walmart deli employee who's also a track star hoping to make the Olympic team

When it comes to Olympic athletes, Dylan Beard is cold cut from a different cloth.

Beard is a hurdler who will compete for a spot on the United States Olympic team heading to the  2024 Summer Olympics  in Paris. He also happens to work a full-time job at the deli counter at a Walmart.

Beard emerged as a surprise winner while competing in the  60-meter hurdles at the Millrose Games  in February.

“I think I went in a lot more relaxed, like nothing to lose, a lot to gain,” he told "TODAY" in an interview that aired April 26.

His performance in the race made him the third fastest hurdler in the world and landed him a spot at the U.S. Olympic track and field trials in Eugene, Oregon, in June. Following his performance at the Millrose Games, Beard returned to his normal routine.

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“(I) flew home, and the next day I was back to weight training, back to practicing, then back to work,” he said.

Beard is an unsponsored athlete, hoping to pay his way to Paris with his own ability and paycheck, while training at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina.

His coach, Reuben McCoy, gushes when he talks about Beard.

“His work ethic is very much unmatched. And his character speaks very highly of the man who he is,” he said.

His manager at Walmart, David Davis, echoes the sentiment about what kind of person Beard is.

“Dylan’s work ethic is next level. He provides excellent customer service all the time. He goes above and beyond, just like he does on the track,” he said.

Beard also earned his master’s degree in public health at Howard University, which he hopes he can put to use counseling at-risk youth. He says he remains dedicated to doing the best he can, whether on the track or while on the clock at Walmart.

“At the end of the day, my name is attached to what I’m doing. So yes, I’m working at Walmart in the deli, but it still represents me, which represents a lot of other people,” he said.

Beard was blown away when "TODAY" co-anchor Craig Melvin presented him with a check from Walmart for $20,000 so his friends and family could support him as he makes his way to the Olympic trials.

“I’m appreciative, very appreciative. Very unexpected. And I’m thankful, very thankful,” he said.